Izinto ezinobungozi zemizimba zizinto (kuba zii-laboratories, amaziko okanye amabhizinisi) ezi ndawo zokugcina, ukusetyenziswa, ukusetyenziswa okanye ukuthutha kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi ezingonakalisa impilo yabantu. Ukongezelela koko, ubuninzi bezinto ezithunyelwayo kwizinto ezinobungozi ngokwemichiza zidlula ubunani bomyinge, kwaye xa zitshabalaliswa, abantu, izilwanyana kunye nemimandla yonke ingagula. Izinto eziyingozi zamachiza ziyimichiza, ukucocwa kweoli, inyama kunye nobisi, ishishini lokutya, iziseko zokugcina kunye nokubanda nezityalo ezifudumeleyo ezikuzo, apho i-ammonia isetyenziswa khona. Ukongezelela, izakhiwo ezinobungozi ngamachiza zityalo zonyango kunye namashishini angama-pulp kunye namaphepha asebenzisa i-chlorine emsebenzini wawo, kwakunye neendawo zokungena kunye nezikhululo zezithuthi , apho kukho iindlela zokugcina izinto ezinobungozi. Kwakhona nakulo hlobo lwezibonelelo nakanjani naziphi na izithuthi - kuba yi-bhasiki okanye inqwelo ephethe izinto ezinobungozi. Izinto ezinobungozi ngamachiza nazo ziziko lezenzululwazi, ukunyanga okanye uhlobo lwezemfundo olunezixhobo zabo zamachiza. Apha ungaphinda ungeze izixhobo zokugcina impahla, iziseko kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezigcina izidalwa zepilisi, kunye neefomflethi apho izinto ezinobungozi bemvelo kunye nenye inkunkuma yoshishino "ziphumla". Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ezinobungozi zisebenzisa i- acids (i-nitric ne-sulfuric), i-hydrogen sulfide, i-ammonia, i-disulphide ye-carbon, i-chlorine namanye amachiza.
Ukwahlula izinto ezinobungozi zingenziwa ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo:
- Utyhefu;
- ubungakanani;
- iteknoloji yokugcina izinto ezinobungozi;
Iimpawu zokuvelisa (ukuvelisa okanye ukuchitha izinto ezinobungozi ngokwemichiza ezilahliwe ngengozi).
Izinto eziyingozi zemizimba zikwahlula kwiiklasi ezine.
| Iiklasi | Inani labantu abawela kwindawo yokusulelwa ngengozi yengozi (amawaka abantu) | I-Radius yendawo yokukhusela yangasese ejikeleze indawo (kwiimitha) | Ipesenti yabantu abahlala benesifo kwiindawo zokungcoliswa kweekhemikhali |
| 1 | Ngaphezu kwama-75 | 1000 | Ngaphezu kwama-50 |
| 2 nd | 75-40 | 500 | 50-30 |
| Yesithathu | Ngaphantsi kwama-40 | 300 | 30-10 |
| 4 | 0 | 100 | Ngaphantsi kwama-10 |
Iimpawu zezinto ezinobungozi zingamniki ulwazi oluthuthuzelayo ngokukhuseleko lwabo. Naliphi na into engozi yingozi yemichiza ingakwazi "ukuhlaselwa" kwimeko engqongileyo, ebangela ubuthi obukhulu phakathi kwabantu. Kwaye kuvela kubo ngale ndlela ukulimaza ihlabathi elibangqongileyo ngenxa yezinto eziphathekayo zezilwanyana ezinobungozi bezinto ezi. Okubaluleke kakhulu nakubaluleke kakhulu apha iipropati ezifana neqondo lokushisa, ukutshisa, ukubilisa nokuqhwabalalisa, urhulumente jikelele, ukuchithwa kwamanzi, ukuchithwa kwe-viscosity, ubuninzi, ukufudumala kwamanzi, ukungaxhamli, ukuchithwa kwe-coefficient, i- hydrolysis kunye noxinzelelo lwe-vapor. Kodwa kukho ezinye iipropati ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo "ebomini" bezinto eziyingozi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, 0 kubomi babantu.