Russian Art Nouveau bokwakha

Russian Art Nouveau ngengozi. Embindini iinkulungwane 19-20 phantse onke amazwe Western aseYurophu ohlanganisa ngelo xesha lama impiriyali, kwakukho ezinye iinguqulelo kweli cala. ukuba babonise iqondo elikhulu, kumashishini ezobugcisa kunye bokwakha. ERashiya Ukuvuma kwinkqubo ngamazwe ama-impiriyali, ukunyuka kule ekungeneni imali amazwe kushishino yelizwe ibe ubukhulu becala negalelo ekubeni kusekwe kwaye isasazeka imisinga modernist. Ngelo efanayo ixesha architecture umgxeki ngamxhelo phantsi stylization, ukuba ibe eclectic, nto leyo ebangele ukuba ulwalathiso kuphuhliso "Russian Art Nouveau."

Ukukhulela umdla kwicala kwabangelwa bubukho kuyo ngumoya ezintsha kunye ezintsha. Russian Art Nouveau bokwakha yelo xesha ingqalelo njenge nqanaba angalulama nakubugcisa eclectic kunye retrospectivism. ibinzana Artistic yabonisa umdla bongxowankulu, wafuna ukwenza uhlobo entsha kwinkulungwane. Russian Art Nouveau akazange abe ipateni eyodwa zobugcisa. Olu phawu ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise ngokwakha njengoko isibhengezo kukhuphiswano phakathi mveliso mveliso kunye nezorhwebo, ngokunjalo bezindlu.

bezakhiwo Russian wayeqhelene mkhwa entsha kumazwe angabamelwane, ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa iimpapasho ezahlukeneyo. Ubukhulu becala, Kakade ke, ufundisiso yangoku yenzeka ngexesha nokukhuthazwa eendaba ngamaxesha athile. Umzekelo, eyapapashwa ngo-1872, iphephancwadi 'lomhleli "kunye sengqondo ngononophelo olukhulu ukuze amava angaphandle kweli kulwakhiwo, siphawula iimpawu ngcembe lale yomsebenzi labazobi amazwe ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezahlukeneyo: O. Wagner, A. Van De Velde, V. Horta kunye nabanye. Ezitsalwa ngumnqweno wabo ukuba umsebenzi lula.

Abaxhasi indlela ebizwa ukuba ngokutsha zonke iinkalo lwezakhiwo, enika up ngokupheleleyo izithethe zobugcisa. Architecture e Nouveau ishenxisa imfuneko ukungena kwisakhiwo yemveli schemes twatsa kokwakheka. Design kuthwalelwa phandle ngokukhululekileyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngokufaneleka amaqela lonikezelo kunye namagumbi ngamnye. Ngoko ke, lo yayingumfuziselo behleli ezamahala isakhiwo bokwakha-ntathu.

Kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso yokumpompoza baye basebenzisa intsimbi kunye nezakhiwo eziphathekayo. Ngoko, ukwenza isithuba kwaye kwindoda leyo kwakunjalo ingakumbi kwimizi-mveliso, zebhanki, ngemiyinge emincinci kunye nezinye izakhiwo zoluntu. Kukhanyisa iindawo ezinkulu wenziwe ngoncedo skylights kunye neefestile ezinkulu. Xa Izakhiwo zokuhlala ziye bay kakhulu eqhelekileyo (inxalenye lithe tso kwesakhiwo) - ngamanye amaxesha imigangatho eziliqela, iifestile ndizuze loqwalaselo eyahlukileyo. nouveau Russian kakhulu ayikazi imbonakalo yesakhiwo, amnike ubuntu.

Isimbo rationalism ngokucace wabonakaliswa kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente. isakhiwo ngasinye elikhulu kubangelwe ikakhulu kumphezulu enkulu Injengokubengezela, isakhiwo eziphathekayo kunye nesakhiwo axhasayo. Nabayili bezakhiwo, efuna ukudala ngokuphuma yangaphandle, ngokufuthi babhenela ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo izinto zokuhombisa: ibheke, imifanekiso, amibala-bala. Kwangaxeshanye, abakhi kwimizobo yabo bazitshitshisela ngokupheleleyo ifom banal - kunokuba babesebenzisa flora izinto wesimeli ethile. Utshintsho ngokubanzi engenasizathu le iziphaluka njengesiqhelo, phezu-yimikhuba zezenzo kunye neenkcukacha.

Ekuhambeni ubukho bayo, nakubugcisa Art Nouveau eRashiya yayahlulwe amasebe eziliqela. Omnye amasebe waba phakathi stylization. It bezakhiwo wafuna ukwakha okwakufudula kusenzeka ezakudala.