Sandomirskiy bridgehead Vistula (1944)

Famous Sandomierz bridgehead yathinjwa amajoni yiSoviet phezu kodonga lasekhohlo Vistula ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1944. Igama layo ukuba ekufuphi idolophu Polish.

ekhubekisayo Soviet

Xa iincwadi zembali Sandomierz bridgehead nto ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa Baranuvskim okanye Baranów Sandomierski. Umsebenzi ukuba abambe le yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ngaphambili yenziwa iingalo Front 1 Ukrainian (13 nemikhosi 1 Guards Tank, umthetho yi Marshal eSoviet Union Ivan Konev).

Okokuqala bridgehead Sandomierz kwakubalulekile ukuze baqhubeke lohlaselo entshonalanga. Kwinyanga ka-Agasti, kweli candelo kwakukho amadabi kwegazi yaphela impumelelo qhinga ye-Red Army. Phantsi aqhubeke umlilo ephethwe iikhilomitha nje 50 (bridgehead ububanzi landile ayi-60).

Endleleni eya Vistula

Ngehlobo lowe-1944 idabi isitshixo ePoland owayelwela Sandomierz. Ngaphambi koko, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuwela Vistula. Iingalo 1 Front Ukrainian, non-yokumisa kwaye isenokuyilibazisa hambo saya ngasemlanjeni, eshiya lokukhokhela Polish akhululwe. imisebenzi Field ekhokelwa uLieutenant-Jikelele UNikolai Pukhov, kunye Colonel-Jikelele uMikhail Katukov. Julayi 27 sathathwa Yaroslav. Emva koko umkhosi wayalelwa ukuba aqhubeke uye Vistula, ngaphandle kokuba inxaxheba zeenkcuba notshaba.

ngezigaba vehicles zimphathe nzima kungekho nayiphi na inkxaso evela emoyeni. Yaba kukuba ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu moya phambili bamane nje ixesha iiyunithi phambili. Kwiiveki ezimbini phambi kokuba emuva yesixeko wawela Vistula Guards 3 Army Colonel-Jikelele Vasily Gordov. Julayi 29 inxalenye imikhosi yotshaba unamathele zibekwa kummandla Annopolya. Le mpumelelo iye ukuba ukwandisa Sandomierz bridgehead.

yokuwela

Ububanzi Ukucofa i Vistula kwakungekho ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezimbini. Lonke ixesha kukho isoyikiso ukuba nokuhlutha bridgehead uza 'kurhaxwa ". Noko ke, amaJamani woyika, ukuba enedumbe wacinga nje ukuba siphumele ziphumelele njani. Xa Wehrmacht nokuba isigqibo ukujongela phantsi idama kwi Vistula. Noko ke, ngaphambi ngokukhawuleza oluBomvu Army zayikatyisa ezi zicwangciso.

ELvov-Sandomierz operation kwaba buhlungu kuba amaJamani nodandatheko. Edamini khange yasha kuba kwelinye icala wahlala imikhosi yaseJamani. Ukusonakalisa, ngokuba kukho unxibelelwano kwakuthetha ukugawula ezabo.

Ngelo xesha, ngoJulayi 30 Olubomvu Army guided neziye, yaye ngosuku olulandelayo baqala ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho amanzi phezu kwe Vistula River. moya Auxiliary kusekho ndingekho khona, ukuze kwibhulorho ke ekhuselweyo lomsi. Ngokuhlwa, imikhosi zokuqala eSoviet ezibe elunxwemeni esahlukileyo. Kuye kwasekwa amadimoni. Waba ingongoma ukuqala ukuba ekhubekisayo engaphezulu.

kwamnika ukwandisa

Julayi 31 17 Army of the Wehrmacht tinyiketeleke emva ekudibaneni Red Army. Noko ke, le mizamo yaba lilize. Initiative qhinga kunye noludumileyo ezisemgangathweni phezu ecaleni amajoni Soviet. Kuba ixesha elithile baqhubeka izikhundla zabo, abazange ukuya kwi ekhubekisayo, yaye kuphela balwa off uhlaselo yotshaba. Oku kwenziwa ukuze bafumane ixesha. Kwiiveki ezimbini bonke abantu abatsha bawelela ibhanki icala Vistula.

ukuze bafumane amandla kunye nokulawula iintshukumo zabo, Agasti 15 kuphela, 13 nele-3 Guards Army wathabatha isixeko ngobuchule ezibalulekileyo Sandomierz. AmaJamani lihambe liye ngokuphakuzela. kwiinzame zabo tyhala utshaba ixesha ngalinye ayiphumelelanga umlambo. Ngoku, i Wehrmacht kwafuneka ukuba bashiye indawo uye entshonalanga kuphela. Le bridgehead ngenxa yabanjwa de ngoJanuwari 1945. Emva koko ukusuka Sandomierz oko yaqala omnye ekhubekisayo elikhulu-isikali, leyo kuthiwa operation Sandomierz-Silesian. Ekuhambeni kulo, i-Red Army ekugqibeleni wakhulula ePoland ukusuka yamaNazi.