Umlambo waseShilka - iimpawu eziphambili kunye nokubaluleka koqoqosho

Enye yezona zixhobo ezinkulu ezisekhohlo zoMlambo i-Amur, uMlambo waseTransbaaliman Shilka, uququzelelwe ukuhlanganiswa kweNgoda no-Onon. Iphuma kummandla wee-Amazar kunye neShilkin kwaye ibonakala ngokuziphatha ngokukhawuleza.

Geography

Ukhokelo jikelele lomlambo ungasentla-mpuma. Kuphela ekugqibeleni, ujika ngokuzithemba empumalanga. Ubungakanani buyi-560 km, ububanzi buvela kwi-40 ukuya kwi-200 m, indawo yokuloba i-206,000 km ² . I-Shilka isolula phakathi kweentaba zeentaba, kuphela ngezinye izihlandlo eziye zisuka kwi-channel, zenza iziqithi ezincinane. Inkambo ephezulu yomlambo ihlukaniswe inani elikhulu lamanzi kunye namapayipi.

I-Shilka inondliwa yi-rivulet ezininzi ezincinci, inani eli malunga namashumi asixhenxe. Into ebalulekileyo phakathi kwabo - Kara, Kurenga, Chacha, Chernaya. Umndilili oyintloko woMlambo waseShilka ungasecaleni lesobunxele - yiNercha, ewela eShilka kunye namagatsha amaninzi kwaye ine-580 km ubude.

Hydrology

Ulawulo lwamanzi lomlambo waseShilka unobunqabileyo - ixesha lokukhukula lisezinsukwini ezingama-120-130. Ingqikithi yonyaka ingaba nezikhukula eziyi-8 ukuya kwezi-12. Ezinye zazo zidibana, kwaye ubude babo bungaba ziinyanga ezi-3. Ukuguqulwa kwamanzi amaninzi kumgangatho wamanzi kwiShilka kuphawulwe kwi-12.5 m. Ukunikezelwa komlambo i-80% ehlanganiswe ngamanzi emvula, ikhefu elikhukhula kunye nenani elikhulu lezintlu zinegalelo ekukhuseleni. Kwinkoliso yonyaka (kufika kwiintsuku ezingama-200), uMlambo we-Shilka uhamba phantsi kweqhwa, ungenakho ngokupheleleyo ngoMeyi.

Iiflora kunye nezilwanyana

Ngaphandle kweShilka, iintaba ze-taiga zemihlaba efana neMpuma iTransbaikalia zihlala zininzi. Iimveliso ezixutywe ngotshani ezinomileyo zidibanisa kunye ne-taiga yase-East Siberia. Inhlabathi ye-Chestnut iyanqoba kwiqendu layo , nangaphezulu kwe-chernozems. Iintlambo ezisenyakatho zeenduli eziphakamileyo malunga ne-1000 m zihlanganiswe nenhlabathi yehlathi elimnyama.

Izityalo eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezisemagqabini zintsiba, inyoka, i-thyme, i-cobbler engaxinzelelekanga, njl. Kwiindawo ze-taiga, ipine, birch, larch kunye nemisedare. Kule meko, amaninzi amaninzi kumantla asemantla ahlanganiswe ngokugqithisa ukukhanya, kwaye ngasezantsi, amahlathi asepine atholakala. Umsedare ufumaneka kuphela kwindawo ephezulu ye-mountain-taiga zone.

Umlambo we-Shilka ujikelezwe ngamatye, ngoko ke yonke imithi igutyungelwe imithi kunye nezihlahla, apho umzila ubuncinane ukhula kwaye umlambo uba lukhuni. Imifuno apha ihluke kakhulu.

Umgangatho wezantsi uphelelwe ngamacwecwe kunye namatye, ngoko ke emlanjeni kudla ngokugqithisa, amaphahla, imigodi kunye nemifudlana. Ngeemeko ezinjalo, iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi zihlala kakuhle. Ngamanani amaninzi, i-beluga, i-sturgeon, i-salmon, i-keta ne-taimen zihlala eShilke. Enye yezona zinto zicebile kakhulu kwiitlanzi zamanzi ngumlambo uShilka. Ininzi intlanzi izisa iintlanzi ezihlambulukileyo ezibandayo kumlambo, njengo-Unda, Delun, Bota kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kubaluleke koqoqosho

Njengemilambo eminingi eMpuma Ekude, iShilka ibaluleke kakhulu njengendlela yokuthutha. It is a navigable phantse yonke. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokugqithisa emlanjeni womlambo kunye nesantya esiphezulu sezinto zangoku, ukuthunyelwa kunzima. Ehlobo, ngezinye ikhefu zihlala iintsuku ezili-15. Ukuthunyelwa kweyona ndlela iqhubekileyo kufikeleleko-ephuma emlonyeni ukuya kwisixeko saseSretensk. Umlambo ukwasetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukurhweba. Ukuhamba kuhamba ukusuka kwiintsuku eziyi-160 ukuya kwi-180.

Ukongezelela, uMlambo waseShilka ungumthombo omkhulu wemithombo yamandla. Ummandla weTransbaikal unako ukuvelisa izigidi ze-kilowatts zombane ongezantsi ngeendleko zemifula emikhulu neyincinci ephakathi kwintsimi yayo. Ukuphuhliswa kobutyebi be-hydropower ngumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lamanzi kule ndawo.

I-Shilka kunye neentlanzi zayo kunye ne-shishini leentlanzi ayibalulekanga. Ngethuba lokuzala, i-yorhwebo evela kwi-Amur iya kwiimfono, ikhuphukela kwindawo yokuza eya emanzini entabeni.

Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezikufutshane, izimo ezifanelekileyo zidalwa ukwenzela ukutyelelwa kwezotyelelo ezininzi eziseMpumalanga Ekude zithandwa ngoku kutshanje. Ifoto yoMlambo we-Shilka, ibhanki yayo yamatye, ephethe iinqaba kunye nokukhululeka okukhulu, phakathi kwazo ngokukhawuleza kuthwala amanzi ayo-konke oku kukhangayo kwaye kukuthakazelisa.