Saudi Arabia: labemi. Saudi Arabia: ikomkhulu, labantu, indawo

Saudi Arabia, imephu yayo eboniswe ngezantsi, lilizwe apha emazantsi-ntshona Asia, abahlala malunga ne-80% yendawo ye Arabia. Imvelaphi igama layo onxulumene enobukhosi Saud, ngubani waseka urhulumente kwaye eqhubeka kuyo ngamandla kude kube namhlanje.

incazelo jikelele

Ummandla of Saudi Arabia million 2.15 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Le uburhulumente erhangqwe Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, i-UAE, Qatar, Yemen kunye Oman. Ukongeza, kokuhlanjwa ngamanzi nePersian Gulf, uLwandle Olubomvu kuLwandle oluBomvu. Ikomkhulu lalo yi Riyadh, apho kuhlala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezihlanu. Kweminye imizi emikhulu Saudi Arabia - a Jeddah, ngaseMecca Medina. labantu layo lidlula uphawu kwesigidi sabantu.

Ukuya emantla elizwe lubonakala ngokuba sezulu, nasezantsi - owomileyo nezelizwekazi. Ngenxa yoko, ubusika ifudumele kunye zasehlotyeni - ezishushu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imilambo abasisigxina kunye imithombo yamanzi kweli lizwe apho, kunye nemisinga bethutyana ukwenzeka kuphela nje ngenxa kweemvula ezinkulu. Ukunika amanzi acocekileyo kuphela ngxaki isonjululwe liSebe kuphuhliso iinkampani ababandakanyekayo kwetyuwa amanzi, kwakunye ngenxa kunokwembiwa amaqula nokususa.

Ulwakhiwo lwezopolitiko

NgoMatshi 1992, amaxwebhu yokuqala elawula isakhiwo sezopolitiko karhulumente kunye nemigaqo esisiseko kulawulo ayo zamkelwe. Ngokusekelwe kuwo, ilizwe Saudi Arabia i neNgonyama ngokupheleleyo yobuthixo. Isiseko-siseko yalo iKoran. Ubukhosi eSaudi ngamandla ukususela-1932. INkosi iye zomthetho ngokupheleleyo, yolawulo kunye namandla kwezomthetho. amandla akhe kuthiwa kuphela enganqamlwanga nezithethe zasekuhlaleni elifuna. Urhulumente ndlela iyiyo ukusebenza ukususela ngo-1953. Ikhokelwe kukumkani, nto leyo ichaza indlela eziphambili umsebenzi wayo. Kukho kweli lizwe kunye neBhunga laBaphathiswa, kunye noxanduva ukwenza nje kuphela, kodwa imisebenzi mthetho. Zonke izigqibo ezithathwe eli gunya, iya kuvunywa ngengqibo uKumkani Saudi Arabia lizwe. labantu urhulumente linyanzelekile ukuba athobele nabo. Elulawulweni lizwe yahlulwe kumaphondo alishumi elinesithathu.

umnotho

Xa intliziyo kuqoqosho lwengingqi na ishishini labucala simahla. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ulawulo yeqhosha iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa olwenziwa ngurhulumente. Urhulumente inama inkulu oovimba oli ehlabathini. Okubangela ukuba malunga nama-75% wesabelo yayo. Ukongeza, Saudi Arabia i phambili kumazwe yehlabathi zegolide abamnyama kwaye lidlala indima ephambili OPEC. Eli lizwe kwakhona liye oovimba zinc, chromium, ilothe, nobhedu nentsimbi ekrwada.

labantu

Ukubalwa lokuqala balapho yaqhutywa ngo-1974. Ukususela ngelo xesha de namhlanje inani labemi Saudi iye yakhula ngokuphindwe kathathu. Ngoku ilizwe ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-30. Uninzi lwabahlali wengingqi Arabhu, inxalenye enkulu leyo siyakhuselwa intlangano yezizwe. Ngoku kukho izizwe kunye nemibutho yezizwe ngaphezulu kwe-100. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele into yokuba malunga isahlulo sesihlanu labemi akhawunti kubasebenzi amazwe. Ngenxa ye-manani ezisemthethweni UN, njengokuba ka-1970, izinga lokusweleka kweentsana kweli lizwe 204 usana nganye amawaka ezizalwayo. Ngoku esi salathisi kwabakho utshintsho elungileyo. Ngokukodwa, ngokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo kwi imeko amawaka kuzalwa kufa bonke abantwana-19.

ulwimi

Arabic lulwimi olusemthethweni kwilizwe elifana Saudi Arabia. Labemi indlu isebenzisa lwesigodi advantageously Isidanish, ethatyathwe El fuskhi. Ngaphakathi lumile iziyelelane ezininzi ezikufutshane enye kwenye. Kwangaxeshanye, abahlali zasezidolophini kunye nenzala loonothwal ukuthetha ngenye. iilwimi ngoncwadi oluthethwayo umahluko ezincinane phakathi kwabo. Kwimeko yonqulo isetyenziswa lwaso becala classical Arabic. iilwimi kangaka abasuka kwamanye amazwe IsiNgesi, Isi-Indonesian, Urdu, Tagalog, isiFarsi kunye nabanye.

inkolo

Saudi Arabia ithathwa embindini kwehlabathi Islamic. Abemi phantse kwi amandla ngokupheleleyo oko uthi unqulo. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukeneyo, ukuya kwi-93% abahlali bendawo Sunnis. Intsalela abameli Islam iwela ikakhulu kwi US. Ngokuphathelele kwezinye iicawa, malunga nama-3% yabantu - bangamaKristu, kwaye 0.4% - nezinye iinkonzo.

ukubunjwa

emfundo ephakamileyo kweli lizwe kuphela simahla, kodwa hayi ezinyanzelekileyo. umsebenzi kunye nobomi obutofotofo Saudi Arabia zinokwenzeka ngaphandle kwayo. Enoba lwalunjani, kukho ezininzi iinkqubo, injongo ephambili apho ekunciphiseni izinga yokungafundi abantu balapho. Okwangoku, kukho kwiiyunivesithi ezi-7 kweli lizwe kunye nezikolo eziphakamileyo-16. Bonke bephela zilawulwa yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo ePhakamileyo. Malunga nabafundi 30,000 ngonyaka ngamnye ukufunda kwelinye. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, urhulumente unyuke ngokumandla inkcitho kwezemfundo. Noko ke, urhulumente ufuna kubuyiselo jikelele kule entsimini, nto leyo kufuneka ibe ukulingana entsha phakathi iindlela zale mihla kunye zemveli zokufundisa.

amayeza

Enye bakumazwe asele eqhubele phambili ehlabathini ngokwemiqathango imithi Saudi Arabia. labantu urhulumente unelungelo iinkonzo nazo. Oku kusebenza zombini kubemi ezixeko, kwakunye nabameli bezizwe esenjalo punks entlango. Rhoqo ngonyaka kukhathalelo lwempilo ngurhulumente ngenxa 8% yebhajethi lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo a nje imali enkulu. ugonyo olusisinyanzelo kuzalwa busisigxina kwinqanaba mthetho. Indyikitya yesifo esisulelayo Surveillance System, eyasekwa ngo-1986, wenza kube lula ukuba zokoyisa ngokupheleleyo nokuphelisa izifo ezoyikekayo ezifana isibetho, icesina emthubi nekholera.

iingxaki zezibalo

Ngokutsho izazinzulu zophando, ukuba yangoku izinga lokukhula inani abemi kweli lizwe kuqhubeka (kule minyaka ingama-30 idluleyo, bamele malunga ne-4% yabantu kunyaka ngamnye) ngo-2050, inani labantu Saudi Arabia uya kufikelela 45 million. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, iinkokheli zelizwe kufuneka ukusombulula ingxaki zona imisebenzi kubemi kuphela, kodwa ukuqinisekisa kwiminyaka endilisekileyo ubudala ngoku kuqhutywa Saudis. Lo msebenzi ayikho lula, nkqu ukuba urhulumente, leyo yayintle kangangokuba zolondolozo ioli. Kukuvela iingxaki ezinjalo ngenxa ngokuyintloko utshintsho HIV kwiindawo ukutya kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo, kwakunye ne kukuphuculwa kweemeko zokuphila kweli lizwe.