Siberian ibhadi: Inkcazelo, iifoto

Iilwimi ezininzi igama nebhadi, nelinqa eSiberia izandi ngendlela yabo: in IsiNgesi - Siberian nebhadi, nelinqa, isiJamani - Sibirischen Rehwild, Spanish - Corzo Siberiano, isiFrentshi - Chevreuil de Sibérie. ngokuqhelekileyo nayo ngokuba Oriental. Kodwa bambalwa siyazi ukuba usapho kwezi umdak ayinabantu kunye nezinye iindidi amaxhama. Zizonke ezintlanu, Sci Book of Records ngenjongo mali olufanelekileyo indibanisa zibe ezimbini: nelinqa (Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezintathu - pygargus, caucasicus, tianschanicus) kunye Chinese. Kukho zenyathi emibini yokugqibela - bedfordi kunye Mela-notis. Kokukhona siya kugxininisa uhlobo lokuqala, ummeli nto eqhelekileyo le Umzekelo izilwanyana uphuphu-ayabulala.

azo eSiberia

Capreolus pygargus - a, kuhle yexhama sayingqombela brown umbala amancinane. kombala okunjalo eziziimpawu izilwanyana ngexesha lasehlotyeni. nebhadi Okulandelayo iba mpunga, lisuke labuna emdaka okanye abamnyama - kwithuba ebusika. umsila lincinane kakhulu, kwaye le kubanda ngayo ungabonakali okanye azikho kwaukubakho. Iinkunzi ezinkulu kuno zabasetyhini, kwaye kufuneka neempondo ezimfutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo ngamanqaku amathathu. Uphahla lo kubanjwa ukususela ku-Oktobha ukuya kuJanuwari. A pair entsha, leyo iqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, wazigquma ngokukhawuleza with "velvet" zazizaliswe eluswini, ke yena obonelela igazi ezimpondweni ezikhulayo.

Jonga ezi zilwanyana inokuba kwimimandla kumntla-mpuma Asia: Mongolia, ngomhla yaseKorea Peninsula, kwimimandla eMpuma Tibet of mpumalanga China, i-Tien-shan. A labemi enkulu lolu hlobo amaxhama abahlala emazantsi kwi West Siberian Plain. Ngokukodwa, oko ummandla data mmandla elikhulu nebhadi Kurgan. Uhlobo kwezi ndawo yeyona ndawo izona kakhulu ubukho bayo buphindwe.

Biology and zikhwelwe

ESiberia nebhadi, nelinqa angaba abakhuthele iiyure eziyi-24, kodwa iincopho eziphambili sidlala wayo - ekuseni ngongcwalazi. Hlangana izilwanyana isenokuba eyedwa okanye amaqela amancinane axubeneyo. Ebusika, njengoko umthetho, zakha amaqela amakhulu, kuba kulula ukuba wofika kunye. Yexhama ukudla ubanzi ngokwaneleyo, oko kuxhomekeke kwimiba eliqela onyaka kwaye iquka namagqabi kwamatyholo, imithi, ukhula, imbewu, amakhowa, amagqabi pine kunye kumila. Zikhwelwe okanye "umlembelele", kwenzeka ukususela phakathi kuJulayi ukuya ku-Agasti. Ngeli xesha, amadoda deer ubundlongondlongo ngokubonakalayo akhusele ummandla wabo. Ebhasini phakathi amaduna rhoqo. Bamele kungquzulwano abantu ezimbini iinkunzi block nganye ezinye iimpondo, ohlohliweyo yaye esenza uqulukubhede kubo. Ezi ukulwa kunokukhokelela ukwenzakala okanye ukufa.

Ngokuphumelela, lowo uphumeleleyo ngoko ewakhwelayo obhinqileyo. Kwezothando iquka uloyiso yokufuna iimazi kangangexesha elithile, de kube ulungele ukuba zizale. Ngoxa olwesibini kwenzeka ngo-Agasti, ukuba iqanda singaqalisi ukuphuhlisa kude kube kuDisemba - ekuqaleni January. Xa deer ozelwe ngamathole omnye ukuya kwemithathu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngoMeyi noJuni. Kakhulu ezifunyanwa amawele. Emva kokuzalwa amaxhama babo ndasala ndedwa iiveki ezintandathu. umbala baso abaziingqondi inceda tifihla iintlanzi okomzuzwana, kodwa amatyala lokusweleka kwiintshaba eliphezulu. Emva kweli xesha amathole ahlale kunye nomama wabo. Zombini nobudala ziyahluka, kodwa iimazi ukuhlala kufutshane isizukulwana esitsha ngaphezu into eyindoda.

usisizalwane somgadi

Isihlobo ikufutshane zohlobo zaseSiberia izilwanyana - nezamaxhamakazi yaseYurophu. abameli babo efanayo yokuphila, okusingqongileyo, inkqubo umbane kunye nezinye iinkalo zobomi. Kuphela, kufuneka umahluko ezincinane kuphela imbonakalo. uhlobo zaseSiberia unomzimba omkhulu. Summer ukhakhayi umbala eliqaqambileyo kufutshane ezibomvu. Winter "ingubo" liyajiya kunye coarser kakhulu. Ezi mpondo waqondisa phezulu ngokucacileyo kwi V-emile, bangaze kwebala.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ixhama na isilwanyana sasendle eYurophu, apho kuzingela kuvumelekile (kodwa hayi yonke). Horn izilwanyana zale ummeli esihle ixabiso layo ongekho ngaphantsi kwezinye neembasa yaseYurophu. Njengoko umthetho, ngexesha kuzingela kuthathwa ukuqala ekuqaleni ngoMeyi de zezityalo bangekabi zamafu, yazinyusa amaxhama amancinci ubungakanani lula kubonakala kuyo.

YaseYurophu nebhadi, nelinqa isagquba eNgilani, ngaphandle kwe kwimpuma (Kent kunye Midland). Kwakhona, ngokufuthi ifumaneka eSkotlani, ngaphantsi kwe eWales. Uhlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu Asia Minor, ngaphandle kwiziqithi Corsica kunye ESardinia. Akukho ummeli nezamaxhamakazi eLebhanon, kwaSirayeli, Northern Ireland kunye naseMpuma Europe. usasazo liye lancipha, ngenxa kwezinye ukuphazamiseka oluntu ezingela kunye noluhlu aliphelelanga. Oku kwenzeka kwi XIX kade - kwiinkulungwane okuqala XX.

Nebhadi, nelinqa. incazelo

Ngaphandle Capreolus pygargus - nezamaxhamakazi encinane intamo ende ngaphandle isingci, kunye ngeendlebe elikhulu (12-14 cm). Ngomsila sekukubi (2-3 cm) ende kwaye ukukhula. kombala Winter yahluka ukusuka ezingwevu-brown ukuya limnyama ehlotyeni - ukusuka bomvu ukuya kubomvu-mdaka. Xa eyindoda, kakhulu isikhumba ashinyeneyo entloko, entanyeni kunye esifubeni ngaphambili. Nomsila patch ilahlekile okanye ephantsi kuboniswe. Ebusika, i buqapheleke. Top of the izimvi entloko okanye mdaka, elimdaka maxa wambi mnyama. Nebhadi molt kabini ngonyaka, entlakohlaza nasekwindla. Abantwana olu hlobo khangela enemibala.

Mpondo abakhoyo, yaye nyaka ngamnye ngo-Oktobha nangoNovemba of nebhadi elaphalalayo. New zikhule kwangoko. Abafana ngaphezulu kancinane amantombazana. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka ukuba babe ifomu Bugorkova. elisesifubeni lesinxibo carcinoma kuchazwe ngokucacileyo.

Uphuphu nebhadi, nelinqa, nto leyo ifoto elungileyo lubonisa izihlunu osecaleni aphuhliswe kakuhle emxinwa kunye ezimfutshane, nayo.

Uhlalutyo amaqela 11 ezahlukeneyo nelinqa wabonisa ukuba ubude avareji kwesilwanyana - 107-125 cm, ukuphakama emagxeni - 66-83 cm, ubunzima - 22-30 kg, ubude iphezulu yokakayi - 191-212 mm ububanzi bayo - 84-91 mm. Iyodwa, mncane kwaza evuthelweyo. Ithambo lacrimal na ubukhulu elifutshane kwisisu Orbital. glands Preorbital sele ebusaneni zabo, kwaye gubhu iefa enkunzini entsha. Umphambili namajukujuku amathambo ngeempumlo bifurcated ngokucinezela amathambo admaxillary. Umzila medium size of. Amathambo maxillary ziphezulu kakhulu.

yokuhlala

Ukuba sithethe ngayo imvelo, nelinqa bakhetha amahlathi kunye iziqithi ezincinane ehlathini phakathi komhlaba olimekayo. Bemthanda grass ende kunye kwetyholo. Ukongeza, bathanda kwiziqithi komhlaba eseleyo emva kwamahlathi, ezisetyenziswa sokulungiswa. Kwakhona bathanda ingca ende yaye amadlelo kunye kwetyholo.

ESiberia nebhadi, nelinqa uthatha uluhlu olubanzi zokuhlala, kuquka zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, amahlathi exubileyo okanye coniferous, imigxobhozo, amathafa engca, umhlaba olimekayo kwiindawo ezisezidolophini ukongezwa ezineegadi ezinkulu. Kwaye mhlawumbi sele ugqibe abakhetha landscapes ngamahlathi kwimifanekiso liziqhelanise kakuhle kwinkalo yezolimo mihla? Injalo loo nto - nelinqa. Amafoto kwinqaku ezibonisa ngokugqibeleleyo.

ukudla

Nebhadi kudla malunga neekhilomitha iintlobo ezahlukileyo zezityalo phakathi zokuhlala zabo. Kwezi, ama-25% aba izityalo umthi, 54% - dicots herbaceous, monocots - ndaweni-16%. Zikwazi ukuba iinaliti zemithi coniferous, kodwa oku kwenzeka kuphela ebusika xa eminye imithombo ukutya azifumaneki. Nebhadi, nelinqa bakhetha ukutya-amandla elityebileyo ithambile kwaye ziqulathe isixa esikhulu samanzi. Ngenxa yobungakanani encinane esiswini kwaye inkqubo okukhawulezileyo ukwetyisa lomzimba wabo kufuna ukutya rhoqo. Zikholisa ukuba ezintlanu ukuya elinanye Amaxesha yokondla eyahlukileyo ngosuku. Bangakwazi kunikwa kwizithuba ixesha ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni ukudla nabo ukufikeleleka ngokupheleleyo.

Iindidi zokutya ezingaguquguqukiyo onyaka kunye nemikhwa zezilwanyana. Noko ke, olunye uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba umahluko ukwakhiwa ekutyeni ngokusondeleyo kakhulu ngamazinga kunye zokuhlala okwexeshana. babelawula Feed uncipha ebusika, kwaye ukutya lingaphantsi ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, izinga ukutya kunye ekudleni lifinyele. Entwasahlobo, phezu koko, i-eneji kufuneka kunye nenkqubo ukunyuka ekugayeni. A lugxile ngohlobo iimbewu okanye iziqhamo ziphele ekwindla.

ESiberia nebhadi, nelinqa esidla ngokupheleleyo zonke iintlobo zezityalo: ingca, zasendle, BlackBerry, namaqhina kunye namagqabi emithi, amatyholo, uthanda amakhowa kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo.

deer sempilo

yobudala eliphezulu, elo fixed - kwiminyaka 17 neenyanga ezi-5 entolongweni. Ukususela imigqaliselo ukuba amabhinqa aselula (90%) ziphila ngcono endle. Endle umlinganiselo sobude bokuphila yezi zilwanyana kuba ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba koko iye ibe ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya 5.5. Ngoko ke ukuba ixesha lilonke ukukhulelwa uyakwazi kutsho iintsuku 122 ukuya-305.

zizale

Ibhadi oyindoda ukufika iminyaka ukuvuthwa ukuze ekupheleni kunyaka wabo wokuqala bezelwe. Noko ke, abanako ukuqala ukuzala inzala ukuya kunyaka wesithathu wobomi. Physiologically uyakwazi ukuzala ke, ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya ku-Oktobha. Kodwa kakhulu, le nkqubo ithatha ukususela ngoJuni ku-Agasti. abantu kuphela nje ezimbalwa kuyenzeka nokuba kunini.

Ixhama wenzala ababhinqileyo emva kokuba bafikelele kweenyanga ezili-14. Ubude estrus badla kuthetha iiyure eziyi-36.

Ukukhulelwa amathole

Siberian ibhadi libhekisela ayabulala, ngoko ke ixesha abagxothwa ukukhulelwa kunye, ngoko ke, kumjikelo sokuzala eyahlukileyo zenye bade ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo. Umzila we umbungu ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngoJanuwari. Le iqanda engena isibeleko, apho sazabela lona. Kulandele iinyanga 4-5 lomsebenzi encinci. Ixesha lokumitha liphakathi 264 no 318 iintsuku. Anjengamankonyana bazalwa kwisithuba ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuJulayi. Ngelo xesha unako sokuzalwa ezimbini, kunye nosana ezintathu. Bahlaziya 1-1,7 kg, abe umbala.

Young phantse Akunanto ukuba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala yobomi kwaye kulula ukuba ngamaxhoba amarhamncwa. Ukondla ngobisi lwebele lwenzeka de Agasti, wayeka ngokupheleleyo ekwindla ekuqaleni, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ihlala kude ngoDisemba. Emva kulunyulwa amathole ukuswitsha ngokupheleleyo abatya nokutya oku. Bathi ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, iiveki ezimbini emva kokuzalwa lokukhula layo lidlula ubunzima umzimba kabini.

Isimo 'ekhuselweyo "

Nangona kwindawo zokuhlala noko ebanzi kwaye inani ngokugqithiseleyo amaxhama kwamanye amazwe, ukuya emibi (ingozi rhoqo), eSiberia nebhadi, nelinqa na eNcwadini oluBomvu. Izizathu ukuvalwa bezisenjenjalo: iintsalela ezincinane abemi, kunye nokoyikiswa kwemikhombe kwaye Uburhamncwa. abameli Rare yale iintlobo zezilwanyana Siberia sengozini enkulu ngenxa yokuhlala siyehla, iimeko zemozulu kunye neziphumo ezenziwa ngabantu. Namhlanje imanz kabanzi ikhuselwe e-UK. Ezinye iindlela ngokubulala okanye ukubanjwa deer aluvumelekanga ngokungqinelana kwiSihlomelelo IV ye-Berne Convention kwaye atshutshiswe. Ukongeza kule miba ingentla apha, siyazi ukuba kummandla Russian Federation kwakhona ithatha amanyathelo yokulwa ukubulawa kwemikhombe kwaye nolawulo eyiyo kuqoqosho kuzingela ukuze kubuyiselwe kwaye ukunyusa ubungakanani nebhadi, nelinqa yaseSiberia. Olu hlobo zasendle ezintle ezidweliswe kwi-Red Data Book of the Tomsk Region kunye Krasnoyarsk Territory. Azibeka umoni malunga isohlwayo nebhadi kuyahlukana nedlela ubungqongqo umonakalo uzimisele ngamnye kwaye ngokuvumelana nomthetho. Kusenokuba ukuya kahlanu nemivuzo ephantsi.