St. Petersburg zamakhosi - GEMS bokwakha. Yintoni iingxande eSt Petersburg?

St. Petersburg ngumzi amabhotwe. Ukususela Ukusungulwa walo, uPetros wahlala kulo amagumbi yasebukhosini usapho, ihlobo nobusika ezazakhiwe ngayo. Ezi zakhiwo kunye ukudala umfanekiso eyodwa mzi.

Iphepha iza thaca iingxande abadumileyo St. Petersburg. Emva kokufunda eli ngokufutshane kwizakhiwo komkhulu, uya kufunda kancinane malunga ngembali eyinkunzi osemantla kunye ezinika yayo. Ukuba kwixesha elizayo isigqibo ukutyelela amabhotwe eSt Petersburg, baya xhwele ubuhle kunye iziyolo ngaphakathi kwayo. Ngapha koko, ngamnye wahlukile kwaye gem zokwakha kweso sixeko.

Mikhailovsky Ibhotwe e St. Petersburg

Ngo-1719 kwi kwisiza apho ngalo mzuzu na Mikhailovsky Palace, yena woyiswa yi uPetros I igadi yeziqhamo. Waneka phezu Fontanka River ukuya Krivusha. Ngowe-1798 UPawulos ndagqiba ukwakha unyana wakhe Michael kule sayithi zokuhlala. Waza wayalela ukuba elinye yi abangamakhulu amawaka nyaka ngamnye ukwakha. Ngo-1819, iye efunde isixa esikhulu, kodwa emva kombuso komkhulu, uPawulos wabulawa I.

Kodwa ukuthanda kakumkani kunjalo lwaqhutywa yi-Alexander I, eyaqala ukwakhiwa. Mikhailovsky Palace eSt Petersburg yayakhelwe kubulelwe wezakhiwo K. I. Rossi. Esi sakhiwo ijonge ukudala ilifa Russian kuqulethe umzimba omkhulu, namaphiko amabini lateral. Ngowe-1823 sagcina umsebenzi wokwakha, kwaye ngo-1825 yaqala entanjeni. Ngaphezu nohombisoa elingaphakathi isebenza abahle, abakroli, iinkosi ifenitshala, ilitye-bathezi. Ekungeneni kwesi sakhiwo kukho ngezinyuko ezibanzi eyenziwe lenyengane. It is Zazihonjiswe eqingqiweyo ezimbini bengonyama kwicala ngalinye. Ngowe-1895, umyalelo watyikitywa ngu uNicholas II ukuba bhotwe ngoku Russian Museum loMlawuli Alexander III.

Okwangoku, ukutyelela isakhiwo, uya kufumana ingqokelela enkulu yobugcisa Russian, imizobo abaculi abaziwayo ezifana A. Rublev, K. Bryullov, F. Shubin, Repin, Shishkin, uMikhail Vrubel, M. Chagall kunye nabanye abaninzi .

Nest Stroganoff

Ngeyabo Count Stroganov. Yakhiwa 1753. Esi sakhiwo lunikelwa umzekelo ogqibeleleyo sobuciko Russian. Le projekthi wadalwa ngumzobi F. B. Rastrelli. Kwakugcwele amagumbi amahlanu, iholo enkulu kunye igalari. Emva revolution, yena wathunyelwa evela yakhe indlwane Stroganoff usapho usapho. Palace ziphangwe, wabatshabalalisa ingqokelela acebe.

Iminyaka emininzi isakhiwo yayisetyenziswa yi-arhente zikarhulumente. Yaye ngowe-1990, akunikwe lolondolozo lwembali Russian. It ugcina yomhombiso wakhe ukuba imihla yethu kuphela iholo yomdaniso.

Mariinsky Palace

Kuye kwakhiwa kwindawo zokuhlala ye Bala IG Chernyshev. Igama lanikwa imbeko Princess Mary (intombi loMlawuli Nicholas I). Ukwakhiwa yaqala ngo 1839. Xa nokwakhiwa ezintsha zobugcisa ezisetyenziswayo ezifana imiqadi yesinyithi. Ingaphakathi onomtsalane ebhotwe. Umakhi udale enegumbi elinamagumbi. Ngaphakathi ebhotwe ukuba ibekwe nkqu ibandla, leyo wadalwa umoya amabandla baseByzantium.

Emva kokuba February Revolution babekwa sakhiwo iminyaka emininzi, ii-arhente ezahlukeneyo zikarhulumente. Ukususela ngowe-1994, oko likwaneklinkhi iNdibano lokuwisa St. Petersburg.

Yusupov Ibhotwe e St. Petersburg

Ekuqaleni, lo bhotwe yayakhelwe Count P. I. Shuvalova. Kwaye ngoko ndafudukela sisidwangube AV Brannitskoy. kweminyaka 35 kamva ebhotwe yathengwa Prince N. B. Yusupovym. Ngomhla ekudalweni wobugcisa sasebenza ezinye labazobi ingcono abahombisa.

Ifunyanwa Yusupov Palace e St. Petersburg, oko kukuthi, kwi Moika River. Isakhiwo yenye imizekelo emihle ingaphakathi yeengcungcu.

NgoDisemba 17, 1916 kwigumbi elingaphantsi wakomkhulu Kwazeka oko kubo bonke isiganeko - owabulawa Rasputin twisisaka.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, kuqala kwiinto zonke - nto imyuziyam, uze yeqonga, anikeza yeqonga. Kwibhotwe yasinda ubuhle emangalisayo ngaphakathi yayo yoqobo kwinkulungwane XIX, leyo wokubuk 'iindwendwe wavula imitshato kunye nezinye nemibhiyozo.

Ubusika Palace

Lo mgangatho ayive ebekade lokwenene. Esi sakhiwo yakhiwe kwi yobuciko. Ngaba Palace Winter e St. Petersburg, oko kukuthi, phezu kweendonga lakwaWinter Canal. Le indalo F. B. Rastreli ebizwa ngokuba intliziyo kwikomkhulu wasentla.

ubude Palace laliziimitha 200, ukuphakama - 22 neemitha, ububanzi - iimitha ezili-160. Kuye kwakhiwa njenge quadrangle. Ngaphakathi kukho intendelezo enkulu. Olungaphambili zibheke komlambo, phezu Palace Square kwicala le Admiralty. Nendlela ngokugqibeleleyo ngokugweba uhombiso! Olungaphambili wahlulwe yi entablature, zalungisa imiqolo edityanisiweyo kunye nemiyalelo Ionic, nezingqameko, imikrolo sistucco. Le elingaphakathi esisityebi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo casings, zitsha zokuhombisa eqingqiweyo, ubuninzi ungamalungu ukubunjwa.

Esi sakhiwo sakhiwa izihlandlo ezininzi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abakhenkethi kunye abahlali St. Petersburg babubone isakhiwo yesithandathu iminyaka 1754-1762. kumnikazi ngamnye ingqalelo ngayo umsebenzi wakhe de uhombiso langaphakathi ukwenza utshintsho lwakho. Phezu ukubonakala wasebenza nabayili best - Domenico Trezzini, AP Bryullov kunye V. P. Stasov.

Ngexesha angels komkhulu wabandezeleka, waba ngokutsha. Emva kokuba revolution owamiswayo Museum State.

Kweli nqanaba sinako ukubona ingqokelela osisityebi imiboniso lwembali, imizobo abaculi eziziingangamsha, Mhle ngaphakathi kwiiholo zabalawuli kunye eqingqiweyo.

Catherine kaThixo sesigodlo

Ifunyanwa Catherine Palace e St. Petersburg, eyile ngaphandle kwidolophu Pushkin (Tsarskoye Selo). Umyalelo phezu ulwakhiwo kuyo ehlobo uCatherine ndamnika ngo-1717. Esi sakhiwo Kucetywa ukuba ukuphinda ongasekhoyo ezimbejembeje. Konke kulawulwa wezakhiwo evela Germany I. F. Braunshteynom.

Ngowe-1743, Elizaveta Petrovna ligqibe ukwandisa ukuxhobisa komkhulu. Ndigunyazise le wezakhiwo Russian Alexander Kvasov kunye M. Zemtsov. Ngowe-1752 F. B. Rastrelli walakha ibhotwe kwakhona, njengoko uKumkanikazi wayecinga ukuba isakhiwo endala-lixesha. Ngenxa ukudilizwa wesidlo ebhotwe elitsha mihla, leyo indlela sobuciko Russian. Lomhleli kuthatha isigqibo ngqindilili umbala olungaphambili. Lisebenzisa isibhakabhaka umbala oluhlaza, edibanisa kunye emhlophe kunye negolide.

Umthamo omkhulu wesakhiwo ubonakale kude. Ichaphazela ngaphakathi, izakhiwo, izitiya. Le ebhotwe ezilungele emitshatweni zodidi. In kwiiholo uya dazzle gilding abengezelayo, olunamagama mangaza luninzi mangaza ngezinyuko esimangalisayo elimangalisayo nodonga lokubhalela.

Le ebhotwe ejikelezwe yi ipaki enkulu. It has a lot of eqingqiweyo, bayiminquba ezahlukeneyo, kodwa uhombiso eziphambili - a GROTTO, Hermitage, Lower kunye Upper Bath.

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ibhotwe yatshatyalaliswa, baphanga, kodwa enkosi kwimisebenzi emikhulu restorers liye kakhulu ibuyiselwe.

Okwangoku, unako ukutyelela amagumbi umboniso ilandelayo: kweTrone Hall nemizobo; lokulala; phambi emhlophe, itafile eluhlaza nebomvu; ofitsiantskuyu; Room Amber.

Residence Sheremetyeva

A kwisiqwenga somhlaba, ibekwe phezu lomlanjana Fontanka, ngo 1721 zinikwe Field Marshal BP Sheremetev ulwakhiwo welifa. Sheremetev Palace eSt Petersburg yayakhelwe ngoncedo iprojekthi a ngumzobi F. S. Argunovym kunye S. I. Chevakinskim. Isakhiwo sakhiwa ngomoya izakhiwo Russian. Olungaphambili Yayihonjiswe sistucco uhombiso kunye uhombiso ngaphakathi yatshintsha rhoqo, ezisekelwe phezu Ukuthanda abaninizo. Emva kwizizukulwana ezintlanu ziye wahlala phakathi kwezi iindonga. Kude 1917 ibhotwe behlelo sodidi Bala Sheremetev. Emva kokuba revolution, eli bhotwe wegqitha ukusuka kwesinye isandla. Ngowe-1990, yanikwa Museum of Theatre kunye Music. Ngoko nangoko waqalisa umsebenzi wokulungisa. Udala umbukiso kunye nesikhumbuzo ngaphakathi lwekhulu XIX.

Okwangoku, umboniso ebhotwe ulungiselelwe kwiindawo ezintathu:

• imbali Sheremetievs usapho njengenkosana;
• ukuqokelelwa zezixhobo zomculo;
• mboniso ingqokelela labucala.

Tauride Palace

De-1781 lo gama - isakhiwo Horse Guards. UCatherine II uqambe Tauride. Loo yokuhlala ilizwe G. Potemkin. Masakhane ubungakanani omhle kwaye kwenziwe indlela classicism Russian. Lokubandakanyeka ekwakhiweni wezakhiwo I. E. Starov.

Ngomhla ebusweni bhotwe yaba kwemi elula obungqabangqaba, emva apho ofihla uhombiso osisityebi ingaphakathi. Ukwakha iqulethe izakhiwo ezinemigangatho emibini amathathu, jize nge lwale engundoqo. Onke amagumbi mikhosi ahonjiswe imizobo, iikhaphethi, ifenitshala obutofotofo, amalaphu, ngokrolo xa izakhelo zegolide.

Kweli nqanaba kweli bhotwe kwekomkhulu ico angamalungu. Kodwa kwakhona ngokuhlwa ikonsathi rhoqo.

Menshikov zokuhlala

Isendaweni Vasilyevsky Island. Ukwakhiwa yaqala ngo 1710. Le yenye izakheko amatye indala. Wabonakala Menshikov Ibhotwe e St Petersburg ngenxa wezakhiwo enkulu H. Schedel kunye D. Fountain.

Yakhiwa indlela Petrine ezimbejembeje. Le elingaphakathi igqityiwe ngokungqinelana ukumila imini. Sisebenzise ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo: iinkuni, isikhumba, iithayile beqabe eqingqiweyo amalaphu. Le ezingaphakathi ephambili yenziwe oki. Le ndawo zaye ezihonjiswe iithayile. Enye amagumbi esimnandi kakhulu - Khabhinethi Anut. Kwakukho yokufuna ulwazi igcinwe kunye nengqokelela ezahlukeneyo. Iindonga ugqibile Anut veneered.

Ngowe-1727, Menshikov wathunyelwa ezinde. Kwaye oko wasiwa imyuziyam le yeCadet lweSizwe, kunye nokubuyiselwa yaqala ngo-1960.

Okwangoku, utyelela yokuhlala Menshikov, umntu uyakwazi ukubona umboniso ngaphakathi, nto leyo uzinikele Petrine kwexesha.

Le Marble Palace

It is a oqingqiweyo izakhiwo classicism yokuqala. Ngexesha zokwakha ezisetyenziswa amatye zendalo. Kuba kwemi khazi kunye uhombiso ngaphakathi basebenzisa iintlobo ezininzi zemabhile (Italian, phambene, eSiberia iliwa ngesiGrike). Tshe ebhotwe solo ubutyebi, ubuhle, emibalabala. Sakhiwo, zazijongwa ngabo wezakhiwo A. Rinaldi kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVIII. Ebhotwe ithathwa isakhiwo yokuqala, nto leyo igcwele ngamatye zendalo. It yayakhelwe oyithandayo Catherine III. Kodwa ke, yeha, Orlov akazange alinde ukuba isiphelo yokwakha, wafa. Indlu esishiywe kwipropati asebukhosini.

Kamva, apho Yavulwa Central V. I. Lenina Museum. Esi sakhiwo ufanelwe ingqalelo abatyeleli abanomdla kwimbali uPetros omdala ngezakhiwo yakhe. In kwiiholo uyakwazi ukubona Imiboniso zilandelayo: "Artists Foreign eRashiya XVIII-XIX kwiinkulungwane", "Museum Ludwig" njalo-njalo. Ukususela ngo-1992, lo Marble Palace ocande ilifa Russian Museum.

St. Petersburg Ubuqaqawuli onomtsalane izakhiwo. Akwenzeki ukuba adlulisele ngamazwi onke ubuhle ezinika ukuphuculwa yokuluka. Ukuba undwendwela amabhotwe St. Petersburg, qiniseka ukuba uqhelene nokwakhiwa yembali, ziyahlelwa womniniyo.

Kufuneka ubone ngamehlo akho, ezi ubuncwane bokwakha. Amabhotwe St. Petersburg zilindele wena!