Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya: biography kanye photo

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya (igama lokwenyani - Nefedov) - a nomkroli odumileyo Russian, ngenxa apho ihlabathi lonke wafunda ubukho kwesinye sezizwe Mordovian. Eli nqaku kukunika ingxelo emfutshane ngobomi bakhe kunye nomsebenzi.

Ngemvelaphi nomkroli

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya wazalelwa kwisithili Ardatov of Mordovia (d. Baevo)-Oktobha 27, 1876. Abazali bakhe amafama akwi esizweni erzya Mordvinian (kungoko alias nomkroli). Le isizwe iinkolelo zobuhedeni yaduma ngenkulungwane ye-19. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Erzya umphefumlo kwayo imilambo, imithombo kunye namatye babenqula imithi ezingcwele. Noko ke, Stepan ngokwakhe Orthodox, kwaye sele isizukulwana-3.

kweentsuku

Le nomkroli elizayo baqala ubomi bakhe eneminyaka engama-14. Ebudeni beminyaka-10 ezayo Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya ukwenza yezandla ezahlukeneyo, kuquka nokupeyinta iitempile. Kuphela abuyela abazali bakhe Alatyr, apho beqhutywa ngoko, Stepan waqalisa ukwenza oko ubizo lwakhe lokwenyaniso. abathengisi bendawo kakhulu ubuhle awawenzayo ukuya theatricals engahlawulwayo phezu imisebenzi A. S. Pushkina. Bagqiba ukubonisa imifanekiso Stepan Dmitrievich UMlawuli yeSikolo Stroganov eMoscow.

Ngowe-1901, phantse osetekenini ulwimi Russian Erzya waya kufunda eMoscow. Emva kokufunda unyaka kwi Stroganov School, apho waya kwiiklasi zokuzoba ngokuhlwa, Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya unako ukungena Moscow School of Irestyu yeHlabathi. Kulo nyaka, Erzya balungiselela ukuba abe opeyintayo, kodwa wagqiba ukuya kwisebe imikrolo. Waba lula ukufunda. Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich ngokukhawuleza kakuhle nezigcaliselo nomkroli wabulela esineziphiwo yayo yendalo. Utitshala yakhe S. M. Volnuhin, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba nombhali litye lesikhumbuzo Ivanu Fedorovu, uvulindlela Russian. Stepan uye nobuhlobo kunye notitshala wakhe. Erzya wamnceda emva revolution. Wathabatha abagulayo Volnukhin ezantsi, bezama ukusindisa kuye. Noko ke, utitshala wakhe wafela ezandleni zakhe. ummeli nobuchule Impressionism P. P. Trubetskogo naye waba nempembelelo enkulu phezu lokusekwa ikamva nomkroli.

Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich akazange agqibe ikhosi. Wayecinga ukuba sikolo Ndenze unako nako. Ngowe-1906 waya eItali. Kwaba apha waqala ekugqibeleni ezibiza Erzya, ekholelwa ukuba oko ihlabathi ngenxa yabantu bakhe utsho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba waphendula wathi kubo lesiqhulo ngaphambili, yaye maxa wambi yasayinwa igama Nefedov-Erzya umsebenzi wakhe umfundi.

Lo msebenzi wenziwe e Italy

Ngenxa yeempembelelo yi imisebenzi kaMichelangelo, Erzya waqalisa umsebenzi nezemarmore. E Italy, wakhawuleza kakuhle izakhono eziyimfuneko. Nomkroli ziintlanga indalo yazo nje ngamatye. Akazange ukulungiselela pre-uyilo okanye imizobo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngabafundisi ezimbalwa babesebenza, esebenzisa ubuchule mifanekiso ngqo. idla wabhenela iinkonzo kwabancedisi. Okwangoku, akukho imisebenzi emininzi Erzya ephathelele kwesi sigaba sexesha. Phakathi imifanekiso kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela umfanekiso Ioanna Krestitelya. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngenxa isixeko La Spezia itempile.

Impumelelo yokuqala enkulu

Ngowe-1909, Stepan Dmitrievich weza impumelelo kuqala enkulu. Kwaba ngoko Kumboniso Wentengiso Wezizwe Ngezizwe wesibhozo e Venice Erzya ekwakhiweni iye yabonisa, owaziwa ngelika "Phezolo phambi kokuba ukubulawa umntu ogwetyiweyo". Yeyona imveliso Stepan Dmitrievich emva bekutyelelo Moscow- Butyrskaya. Ndimele ndithi ukuba iminyaka yokufunda abanomdla moonlighting nomkroli umfoti thina. Ngeli xesha, ndiya endizixunayo njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, ngubani babanjwa, Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich.

biography emfutshane inkosi singabandakanyi abazana iinkcukacha kunye nomsebenzi wakhe. Noko ke, simele sithi amagama ambalwa malunga "Phezolo phambi kokuba ukubulawa umntu ogwetyiweyo", njengoko umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Stepan Dmitrievich uvezwa ehleli umntu isiqingatha-ze, ngubani na uzama ubuhlungu xa eqonda ukuba kungekudala uya mhaka. Kulo mfanekiso, le ukufana ukuthelekelela umbhali, leyo Zinjalo eziliqela imisebenzi umdla kuthi master.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba le sculpture wachukunyiswa mboniso. Erzya nangoko yaziwa nje kuphela "Russian Rodin." Okubangel 'umdla kukuba nje phambi kokuba mboniso, eyayiza kwenziwa kuye, sonakaliswa. Stepan Dmitrievich kwafuneka ukubuyisela Umfanekiso ngeentsuku nje 4. Okwangoku, indawo yomsebenzi owenziwa kule ikhonkrithi ayaziwa. Kukho nje ukudlala ngayo.

Ukufudukela France

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya sculpture ngelo xesha babesele kwaziwa kakuhle kwelinye ilizwe, ngo-1910 waza wafudukela eFransi. impumelelo enkulu waba ukubukelwa eMunich, Nice kunye eMilan. Museum Nice ezikhuphile umsebenzi wakhe, babethenga, kunye nabaqokeleli zabucala. E Paris ngo 1913 yena umbukiso yakhe yokuqala solo Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich. ngobomi bakhe ngeli xesha kuphawulwa nokudalwa uthotho portraits oqingqiweyo wenza uku-oda. Oku kwanika ukubuyela elibonakalayo master. Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya, umsebenzi wakhe zifunwa kakhulu, ezinkqayiweyo imodeli zeplastikhi ngephanyazo. Ngoko uyalela wabulawa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu - kwanele ukuba zize kwiiseshoni omnye okanye emibini.

portraits yabaseTyhini

Stepan Dmitrievich ngo-1912 wadala umzobo umfazi wakhe amthandayo, uMarta. Lo mfanekiso oqingqiweyo (etyekele bendawo lasentloko, eyimfihlakalo isiqingatha-uncumo), kwakunye neendlela ezithile yokubumba (ubuso contrastly mpuluswa, iinwele texturally omkhulu ezilungiswa) kumsebenzi elizayo wegcisa iya kuphindwa eziliqela eni yabafazi. In "mfazi Norwegian", wadala ngowe-1914, kukho nomkroli elinobuchule enkulu badlula imeko enzima ukunyameka Heroine, asinto intle kakhulu kwaye abafazi kangako. Uvakalelwa ukuba ukuba ulonwabo, okanye usizi.

Buyela ku Russia

Erzya ngowe-1914 wabuyela eRashiya. ummelwane wakhe ST Konenkov, nto leyo eyabangela kakhulu umsebenzi ngakumbi inkosi. Stepan Dmitrievich wadibanisa ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi I, waba phantsi kweliso lukaGqirha H. O. Suteeva. Erzya waba zonyango ngocwangco. Ugqirha, lowo phantsi ngokomyalelo Stepan Dmitrievich, wabhala amabali bakhe, ezele adventures ezingaqhelekanga yobomi bakhe amazwe. kamva La mabali ziye zapapashwa.

Emva ekhaya, lo nomkroli wadala umsebenzi, hayi kuphela nezemarmore. Erzya kwaye sebenzisa izinto ezo engaqhelekanga ngoM imikrolo (eziphathekayo, isamente). Ukongeza, igcisa isicelo eziphathekayo kunye neetshiphusi yesinyithi. Erzya kuqala wasebenza emthini. Oku incediswa ubuhlobo bakhe Konenkov, owaba inkosi adumileyo ekudaleni eqingqiweyo ngamaplanga. Ukhetho zokufunda kwakhona ochaphazelekayo amava zabantwana, ezafumana Stepan Dmitrievich, ancome imisebenzi Mordvin amagcisa intsomi, enza ukukrola iinkuni.

A uhambo oluya Urals

Marble ebesoloko luhlale izinto ozithandayo Erzya. Stepan Dmitrievich wada waya phambene kwiiNtaba bekhangela ematyeni naziiperile ezinqabileyo. Olu hambo libhekisela kwixesha ukususela ngo-1918 ukuya 1921. Ngeli xesha, i nomkroli kwafuneka banyamezele bonke ubunzima ngexesha kakhulu post-revolution kunye nengcitho imfazwe yobukhaya.

"Eva"

"Eva" - umsebenzi eyaziwa-Erzya, eyenziwe ngo-1919. ukhokho yeBhayibhile nezemarmore eqingqiweyo. Kubonakala kuthi ngohlobo kwilali pyshnoteloy moloduhi, benendelelo yaye inkanuko ngexesha elifanayo. Le Umfanekiso okudibeneyo imisebenzi iinkosi lwezobuGcisa Nouveau. Ebunayo le isimbo ibhekisela kwixesha ukubunjwa Erzya njengoko nomkroli.

Le minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe

Stepan Dmitrievich kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kwemfazwe wayehlala Yekaterinburg kunye eMoscow, Batumi, Novorossiysk, Baku. Master wafundisa, yena inxaxheba ehlanganiswe abasemagunyeni abatsha. Erzya ngo-1922 wenza eni ka Akaki Tsereteli, uThando Rustaveli, Ilia Chavchavadze. Kwakhona wadala misebenzi ilandelayo: "Leda kunye Swan," "Umama", "Flying". Zonke ezi indalo zenziwe ngomthi. Umzobi wadala kunye nomsebenzi zokuhombisa uku-odola. Inkoliso yawo iye yachitheka. Phakathi kwezi, kufanele kuqatshelwe lesikhumbuzo ukuze uKarl Marx kunye Freedom Yekaterinburg. Bobabini zenziwa zesamente kwaye ziyasebenza 1920. Phakathi imisebenzi Abasindileyo eli xesha zithiwe thaca ngokuphandle buthathaka, ezifana iNdlu yeemanyano ku Baku. Enye uvakalelwa ukuba Erzya esingenayo ezi fom. Njengoko wenza intloko umhlola of Lenin ngu nomkroli Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

ixesha Argentina bobuchule

Wegcisa-1925 waba lilungu Society of abakroli Russian. Kunyaka olandelayo waya France kunye show yakhe, wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele kwilizwe lawo. Erzya wahlala Argentina, njengoko amazwe aseYurophu akazange afune ukuthatha i "nomkroli ebomvu." Yaqala phantsi ke into kwisigaba esitsha undiqhamisile ngobomi mculi njengoko Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

ixesha Argentina baphenjelelwa ngamandla ngokuphuma ezinobuchule inkosi. Stepan Dmitrievich bafudukela kweli lizwe, yoconjululwa kwesesikweni kwindlu encinane ngaphandle Buenos Aires. Yena erzya rhoqo Ndinibonisile kwimiboniso yasekuhlaleni imisebenzi yakhe, epapashwe ngeendleko zakhe incwadana ulwazi malunga nabo. Ngeli xesha, kuphela Erzya izinto yaba Algarrobo imithi kunye quebracho, njengokuntshula kuphela emahlathini South American. Le nto inzima kakhulu, ngoko wafuna Stepan Dmitrievich nzima, ukusebenza nzima. Umzobi wasebenzisa maqhuqhuva, maqhuqhuva, neengcambu zemithi, ukudibanisa amaqhekeza zinqwenelekayo glue. Ngowe-1932 wenza intloko-isigqumathelo "UMoses" (ingasentla) Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. ixesha Argentina - it kwakhona nokudalwa eni oqingqiweyo uyise nonina, "Lva Tolstogo" (1930). Ngowe-1944, igcisa wayesenza umsebenzi "Ndoda." Erzya kwakhona wadala isethi enemifanekiso yabantu umdak abaselula.

Amazing, le minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe

Ngowe-1950, Erzya (Nefedov) Stepan Dmitrievich wabuyela USSR. Kunye naye enqanaweni kufika phantse yonke imifanekiso yakhe (imisebenzi abangaphezu kwama-300). Kwakhona, igcisa izise iinkuni Algarrobo kunye quebracho ngemisebenzi yakhe elizayo. Imibutho e Moscow ngo-1954 I-solo mboniso Erzya yaba yimpumelelo enkulu.

Le nomkroli wafa November 27, 1959 ngo Saransk eseleyo inkosi enkulu, yintoni ngokuqinisekileyo Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. Amafoto uchazwe apha ngasentla ingcwaba lakhe.