UMichelangelo: bobuchule biography

UMichelangelo Buonarroti abaninzi cinga umzobi idumileyo ye-Italian Renaissance. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe idumileyo - lo mfanekiso "UDavide" yaye "Pieta", ezo esekelwe ye Sistine Chapel.

inkosi edlulileyo

UMichelangelo Buonarroti ubuchule zingaphawulwa ngokufutshane wachazwa isenzeko kukhulu vutshila onke amaxesha - ngoko kwavavanywa ngobomi, basakholelwa unanamhla. Eziliqela imisebenzi yakhe ukupeyinta, ukukrola kunye bokwakha ziphakathi kakhulu idumileyo ehlabathini. Nangona esekelwe kwi eluphahleni le Sistine Chapel eVatican, mhlawumbi - imisebenzi edume umzobi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, yena ingqalelo ngokwakhe a nomkroli. Isifundo iindidi ezininzi zobugcisa ngexesha yakhe engaqhelekanga. Bonke bephela, ngokususela kwinani. UMichelangelo wasebenza ubomi marble sculpture yakhe yonke kunye nezinye iintlobo zobugcisa kuphela ngamaxesha athile. Amanqaku aphezulu Sistine Chapel kolunye usisithunzi ingqalelo engakumbi ehlawulwa womzobo kwi XX kwinkulungwane., ke inxenye ke ngenxa yokuba uninzi wizard ekhohlo gqitywanga.

A Isiphumo ebomini lodumo UMichelangelo waba inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi indlela yakhe ngaphezu naliphi na igcisa na ixesha. Yena waba ngowokuqala kwezobugcisa, ogama engobomi lwapapashwa phambi kokufa kwakhe, baze ababini. Eyokuqala isahluko yokugqibela encwadini yobomi yayo amagcisa (1550), opeyintayo kunye ngokomakhi Dzhordzho Vazari. Kuye kwanikezelwa kaMichelangelo, omsebenzi wakhe sele inikezelwe njengoko ekuqoshelisweni ekupheleleni art. Nangona badumise, yena wayengekho banelisekile, waza wayalela umncedisi wakhe Ascanio Condivi ubhale kwincwadi eyahlukileyo elifutshane (1553), mhlawumbi isekelwe phezu izimvo wegcisa. It umsebenzi master kaMichelangelo, ibonisa indlela awayefuna ukuba babonwe ngabantu. Emva kokufa Buonarroti Vazari uhlelo lwesibini (1568) kwaziswa eshicilelwe. Nangona izazinzulu bakhetha ukubhukisha Condivi ebomini nenkcazelo Vasari, ukubaluleka yokugqibela lilonke amalungu ayo ngokutsha ukukhululwa ngeelwimi eziliqela wenza imveliso mthombo uphambili ulwazi malunga kaMichelangelo kunye nezinye amagcisa Renaissance. Uzuko Buonarroti babenalo ngenxa yokusindisa amaxwebhu ezininzi, kubandakanywa amakhulu iileta, izincoko kunye nemibongo. Noko ke, nakuba isixa esikhulu sezixhobo zokufunda emalunga kwimicimbi lidla eyaziwa kuphela kwinqanaba imbono kaMichelangelo.

biography esifutshane kunye nemisebenzi

Umpeyinti, nomkroli, ngokomakhi kunye imbongi, ngegcisa elinye edume i-Italian Renaissance wazalelwa phantsi kwegama Mikelandzhelo Di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Matshi 6, 1475 e Caprese, Italy. Uyise, Leonardo Di Buonarotti Simoni, ngokufutshane wakhonza ngumantyi kwilali encinane apho yena nomfazi wakhe Francheskoy kumkhwenyana Kwabonakala ke wesibini noonyana abahlanu, kodwa babuyela Florence apho UMichelangelo wayengekabi nosana. Ngenxa yokugula unina womntwana washiywa ukuba kwenkathalo yomzali stonemason usapho, njengoko nomkroli omkhulu kamva uncokole umongikazi ubisi ke sathatha isando basike.

Eneneni, izifundo banomdla ubuncinane ku uMichelangelo. ngabapeyinti ubuchule kwiitempile ezikufuphi uphinde oko akubona apho, ngokutsho biographers bakhe, umdla kakhulu ngakumbi. School UMichelangelo umhlobo Francesco Granacci, owayeneminyaka emithandathu ubudala kuye, yaqalisa umhlobo wakhe ngumzobi Domenico Ghirlandaio. Uyise waqonda ukuba unyana wakhe akanamdla ishishini mali usapho banqophisana naye ukumnika yona ukuya kwiminyaka eli-13, i-apprentice kwi sale ngomzobi silk. Apho waqhelana ubuchule ngomfanekiso.

gadi i Medici

UMichelangelo wachitha unyaka kwi studio, xa aba nethuba. Xa iingcebiso Ghirlandaio, wafudukela ebhotweni sale umlawuli Lorenzo Zobungangamela, ummeli enamandla lentsapho Medici, kuba ukufunda Umfanekiso yamandulo ezigadini zakhe. Yaba ixesha lobabalo for uMichelangelo Buonarroti. Biography kanye nobuchule wamagcisa aselula babeba nolwazi elite Florence, a nomkroli onesiphiwo Bertoldo Di Dzhovanni, iimbongi abadumileyo, oosonzululwazi kunye nabantu belo xesha. Buonarroti wafumana imvume ekhethekileyo ukuhlola imizimba yebandla ngenxa isifundo ukwakheka komzimba, nakuba kwaba nefuthe elibi empilweni yakhe.

Ukudityaniswa kwezi mpembelelo yaba isiseko isimbo selo kaMichelangelo: Ukuchaneka kwezihlunu kunye ngokoqobo, zidibene ne ubuhle phantse lyrical. bas-isiqabu ezimbini agcinwe, "Battle of the Centaurs" yaye "Madonna ezinyukweni kanye", babubungqina italente yakhe ekhethekileyo eneminyaka eli-16.

impumelelo Early kunye nempembelelo

Umzabalazo yezopolitiko emva kokufa Lorenzo i UMichelangelo Magnificent kwanyanzeleka ukuba abalekele Bologna, apho waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe. Wabuyela Florence 1495 kwaye uqale nomkroli ukusebenza, ngokuboleka indlela evela yobuciko kudala yamandulo.

Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi amabali umdla malunga sculpture kaMichelangelo "cupid", nto leyo zamntu aneminyaka ukuze yayifana ngezinto zakudala ezinqabileyo. Enye inguqulelo ithi umbhali afuna ngayo ukuba kufikelelwe isiphumo patina, yaye ngokutsho komnye, umthengisi wayo art wazifihla umsebenzi Kwathi njengoko ngezinto zakudala.

Cardinal Riario of San Giorgio uthenge "cupid", kokuqwalasela ukukrola ngokwayo, afuna imali yakhe xa wafumanisa ukuba wayesele belahlekiswa. Ekugqibeleni balahlekise umthengi gqitha ngobugcisa kaMichelangelo, ukuba wavumela umzobi ukugcina imali. I Cardinal wada wamcela ukuba eRoma, apho Buonarroti wahlala kwaye wasebenza de ukufa kwakhe.

"Pieta" yaye "UDavide"

Kungekudala emva kokuba sifudukele eRoma ngowe-1498 umsebenzi yakhe negalelo omnye ukhadinali, uJean de Biler Lagrola, umthunywa kapopu kaKumkani French uCharles VIII. UMichelangelo "Pieta", oluveza uMariya ebambe kwabafileyo uYesu ethangeni lakhe, yagqitywa ngaphantsi konyaka waza wayibeka endlwini kunye kwingcwaba Cardinal. Ububanzi 1.8 m, kwaye phantse ukuphakama enye, lo mfanekiso wasikwa izihlandlo ezihlanu de yafumana indawo yayo ngoku eSt uPetros eVatican.

Sika ukusuka sephepha yobume zezifundo Carrara eqingqiweyo emarmore emhlophe flowability inyama kunye "intshukumo" isikhumba Pieta (elithetha "nosizi" "uxolo" okanye) waziphosa ngokoyika yokuqala ababukeli zabo. Namhlanje, yinto umsebenzi kakhulu iziqu. UMichelangelo wadala ngayo xa wayeneminyaka engama-25 kuphela ubudala.

Legend yokuba umbhali, akuba weva incoko malunga injongo bathi umsebenzi kwenye nomkroli, ngesibindi wakrola isiginitsha yakhe kwi tape ebeleni kaMariya. umsebenzi kuphela camera igama lakhe layo Le nto.

Ngexesha xa UMichelangelo wabuyela Florence, wayesele indumasi. Le nomkroli wayethunywe ukuba oqingqiweyo kaDavide, nto leyo odlulileyo nomkroli ezimbini azama ukuyenza, waza wajika isiqwenga imitha ezintlanu-zemabhile ibe nani lubalaseleyo. Ukomelela imisipha, ubuze sesichengeni, ubuntu kunye amagama aqhelekileyo nesibindi "UDavide" uphawu lwe Florence.

Art and bokwakha

Elandelwa nezinye ii-odolo, kuquka iprojekthi nenxa engcwabeni sikaPopu Julius II, kodwa lwaphazamiseka umsebenzi xa UMichelangelo wacelwa ukuba afudukele ukusuka sculpture ukuya imizobo ukuhombisa eluphahleni Sistine Chapel.

Le projekthi ebangele ekuyileni igcisa, kwaye isicwangciso yokuqala yokubhala abapostile-12 ibe ziingceba ezingaphezu kwama-300. Kamva lo msebenzi ngokupheleleyo isusiwe ngenxa ngumngundo kwi udaka, uze emva koko wambuyisela. Buonarroti isebenzile bonke abancedisi, lowo ke ingqalelo engathethekiyo, wayigqiba waziqaba imitha-65 silingi ngokwayo, ukuchitha ixesha elininzi engqengqe ngomqolo, kwaye ngomona nomsebenzi wakhe ide igqibeke yayo Oktobha 31, 1512

indalo Artistic kaMichelangelo zingaphawulwa ngokufutshane ezichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Le i phezu-umda isampulu phezulu Renaissance bokuzoba, nto leyo ibandakanya iimpawu zamaKristu, iziprofeto, kunye nemigaqo humanistic, inkosi simanzi ebutsheni bakhe. vignettes icace kwi eluphahleni Sistine Chapel ukuvelisa isiphumo bhuqe. Umfanekiso kakhulu lenkundla yi sisincoko "The Creation ka-Adam" ebonisa uThixo, irwece ngomnwe endodeni. Kuyabonakala ukuba igcisa waseRoma Raphael, watshintsha isimbo sakhe emva kokubona lo msebenzi.

biography kaMichelangelo, kunye nobuchule eza ngonaphakade izohlala ezinxulumene imikrolo kunye umzobo, ngenxa yokuba amandla omzimba ngexesha ekupeyinteni ecaweni kwanyanzeleka ukuba kuphethulela ingqalelo yakhe bokwakha.

Master waqhubeka ukusebenza engcwabeni kaJulius II iminyaka embalwa ezayo. Kwakhona sungula ecaweni le Medici kunye Laurentsina ithala leencwadi, ibekwe malunga Basilica of San Lorenzo e Florence, apho bekumele ukuba bahlale endlwini kwithala Medici. Ezi zakhiwo zithathwa ukuba isiqalo esitsha kwimbali izakhiwo. Kodwa ephuma kaMichelangelo, kule ndawo sasingumsebenzi oyintloko umakhi Basilica St. uPetros ngo-1546.

obuhlabanayo

UMichelangelo uqalise Ukunyuka "Umgwebo Wokugqibela" phezu kodonga le Sistine Chapel 1541 amazwi kwangoko akuva loqhankqalazo - nudes sangaphandle ndawo ibe yindawo engcwele enjalo, leminxeba xa iyonke etsalelwe ukuba atshabalalise Italian Renaissance ngomfanekiso inkulu. Umzobi wathi, engena imifanekiso ezintsha zesakhiwo: umsoli wakhe omkhulu ngokohlobo ngumtyholi kwaye yena St Bartholomew awayeyizondelele.

Nangona unxibelelwano kunye nokukhuselwa abantu abazizityebi nabanamandla eItali, nto leyo eye wasinika ingqondo brilliant netalente olubanzi ubomi UMichelangelo kunye nomsebenzi inkosi yayizele iintshaba. Waba nekratshi nogonyamelo ngumsindo kaninzi kwakhokelela ingxabano, xa Vol. H. Kwaye yenza. Oku akayisa kuphela yimbandezelo, kodwa wadala ingqondo ukungoneliseki - an artist rhoqo sizabalazela ukuba bafezeke yaye abasayi kuchitha.

Maxa wambi waba obhabhama ukudangala, baye bashiya imizila emininzi imisebenzi yakhe yoncwadi. UMichelangelo wabhala ukuba unembulaleko olukhulu kunye nemibhalo ukuba akukho abahlobo, yaye akuyomfuneko ngaye, yaye akazange abe nexesha elaneleyo ukutya ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ezi bajonga iingxaki eze naye uvuyo.

Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, uMichelangelo ndihlekwa buddy zokufunda waza empumlweni, leyo sizenze sasisimbi kuye ebomini. Iminyaka emininzi, wayenengxaki esikhulayo udiniwe yomsebenzi wakhe, kwenye yemibongo bakhe wachaza umgudu omkhulu elibonakalayo, kwafuneka enze ukupeyinta eluphahleni Sistine Chapel. wezopolitiko e Florence intanda yakhe nabo utyiwa ngaye, kodwa eyona eqaphelekayo nembangi yakhe yaba artist sale uLeonardo da Vinci, owayeneminyaka engama-20 abaphezulu yakhe.

iincwadi kunye nobomi zabucala

UMichelangelo, umsebenzi wakhe yabonakaliswa imikrolo yakhe, ukupeyinta, kunye bokwakha, wenza kwisihobe kwiminyaka evuthiwe.

Ungaze utshatile, Buonarroti enikelwe ukuba umhlolokazi bahanahanisi nolungileyo ogama Vittoria Colonna - wathuma ngaphezulu kwama-300 yemibongo zakhe sonnets. ubuhlobo kwabo kuye inkxaso elinzima ukufa kaMichelangelo Columns ngo-1547 Ngowe-1532-m inkosi yaba wahlobana igosa lakomkhulu oselula Tommaso de'Kavaleri. Ababhali-mbali bathi malunga nokuba kubudlelwane babo zobufanasini okanye wayeziva iimvakalelo ngaye.

Ukufa kwelifa

Emva kokugula, Februwari 18, 1564 - nje iiveki ezimbalwa phambi kokuba wokuzalwa kwakhe 89th - UMichelangelo wafela kwikhaya lakhe eRoma. umzimba Umtshana bafudukela Florence, apho wayesoyikwa i 'uyise inkosi yazo zonke zobugcisa, "waza wangcwatyelwa Basilica di Santa Croce - apho ke umthetho a nomkroli.

Ngokungafaniyo abazobi abaninzi, umsebenzi kaMichelangelo umzisele udumo nobutyebi ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi. Kwakhona nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuba abone ukupapashwa iibhayografi ezimbini wombhali yakhe Dzhordzho Vazari kunye Ascanio Condivi. Amanqaku aphezulu Buonarroti ubuchule unembali ende, yaye igama lakhe baba kwakufana Italian le Renaissance.

UMichelangelo features of bobuchule

Mu kuya kwa nshita udumo enkulu wegcisa, impembelelo ebonakalayo kwi zobugcisa kamva kakhulu kulinganiselwe. Oku asikwazi bachaza yi ukuthingaza ukukhuphela imisebenzi kaMichelangelo nje ngenxa yokuba udumo lwakhe italente yakhe alinganayo Raphael waxelisa rhoqo. Kuyenzeka ukuba, phantse cosmic uhlobo oluthile ibinzana isikali Buonarroti, abeke izithintelo. Imizekelo ikopi phantse epheleleyo nje ezimbalwa. Ngokuba zezona ngcali zinetalente umzobi Daniele da Volterra. Sekunjalo, kwiinkalo ezithile uyilo kwimizobo kaMichelangelo wafumana lena. Ekhulwini XVII. yena ingqalelo intle kumzobo yokwakheka, kodwa ngaphantsi adunyiswe kunene izinto ebanzi yomsebenzi wakhe. Mannerists wasebenzisa ucinezelo yayo lwendawo linegunya lubeka eqingqiweyo bakhe "Victory". Master kwinkulungwane XIX. Ogyust Roden isicelo ukusebenza iibhloko naziiperile engagqitywanga. Ezinye iinkosi benkulungwane XVII. Sobuciko ukuwukhuphela, kodwa ngaphandle ukufana yokoqobo. Ukongeza, Gian Lorenzo kukuyo noPetros Paul Rubens kubonakala kangcono indlela yokusebenzisa umsebenzi Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti izizukulwana elizayo abakroli kunye namagcisa.