Steroid - ntoni na? Amalungiselelo of glucocorticosteroids: zikhombisa, Izimo

Steroid - ntoni na? neuron kuhlelwe hormone adrenal kunye zokwenziwa qela iziyobisi kunye amahle kakhulu unyango banikwa igama. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla ukuba ichazwa steroids. Ukuba nokwenzeka isicelo ngokwemixholo ezi hormone iye yehla kakhulu umngcipheko yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eqhelekileyo. glucocorticoids Synthetic zinqanda uphuhliso ukudumba emzimbeni.

iintlobo glucocorticosteroids

Glucocorticoids, ezifana cortisol, cortisone kunye corticosterone - iihomoni zendalo steroid le uthinte adrenal. engundoqo imveliso yazo ngokungqinelana ne kwisingqi lomzimba. Inani elikhulu lwabelwe kwi iimfuno ephakamileyo umzimba kwezi iihomoni. Zivela hormone kuvela kwi umqadi kunye umaleko enemingxuma le uthinte adrenal. Igazi ithuthwa nge transcortin. Glucocorticoids benza nge nezamkeli intracellular. Bona kuchaphazela nethe carbohydrate, iiprotheni namafutha. Ezi hormone zinqanda iinkqubo ukudumba, benjenjalo ukumemeza steroids anti-ukudumba. na Kwakufuneka ukoyisa ntshikilelo kakhulu emzimbeni womntu.

iintlobo zokwenziwa of the hormone

steroids Synthetic - ntoni na? Njengoko imithi kusetyenziswa glucocorticoids (corticosteroids), uhlobo, eyaziwa ekudla ngokuba njenge steroid. Baye amandla amakhulu anti-ukudumba umsebenzi ngaphezu imichiza yendalo.

In unyango amayeza - ikakhulu amachiza anti-ukudumba, ubuncinane - njengendawo steroids kusetyenziswa amayeza anti-komzimba kunye immunosuppressive. ukusebenzisa kwabo unyango ixhaphake xa insufficiency adrenal. isenzo zazo eziphambili kukuba inhibition of reactions ukudumba, okt. E. Xa kuthintele phospholipase _A-2, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba kwanciphisa imveliso mediators arhabaxa.

Njengoko umthetho, idosi umgangatho beziyobisi isetyenziswa kunyango hormone obangela ukubonakala iziphumo zazo emva kodlwengulo. Kungcono ukuthatha la machiza kwi idosi enye ngokuhambelana kwisingqi komzimba cortisol secretion emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, kwisiqingatha sokuqala lemini. therapy Glucocorticosteroid lubandakanya nokwehla kancinane idosi elawulwa iihomoni kwinqanaba lokugqibela unyango (ukuphepha yoma le neuron adrenal).

Steroid nga ufakwe ngomlomo, kunye neemeko etsolo (phambi kusisisongelo kubomi) - ngokohlobo isitofu okanye ukumnika yegazi. ukusebenzisa kwabo kufuneka ilawulwe, okt. E. Ukusebenzisa kuphela xa kukho ichazwe ngokucacileyo obu bungqina, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunokwenzeka. Nasebusuku kufuneka zikhethwe ngayinye isigulane ngasinye, kufuneka itshintshwe ngokuxhomekeke nobungozi besi sifo.

Steroid ezisetyenziswa dermatology

iihomoni Adrenocortical ilifa anti-ukudumba, immunosuppressive nesiphumo antipruritic. ngokubanzi asetyenziswe ngayo dermatology izifo zolusu. steroids mlonyeni - arhente anxulumene ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa iziyobisi ukuba unyango lwezifo dermatological. Zinokusetyenziswa ingakumbi unyango:

• onokhwekhwe;
• dermatitis;
• erythema.

Ngamafutha kunye glucocorticosteroids esetyenziswa ukunyanga ukhwekhwe. Kwakhona ukuze kususwe iimpawu nangokurhala, ukurhawuzelela ulusu isicelo babe-, izithambiso, lotions. Ulwelo equlathe steroid akukhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwi entlonzeni. Njengokuba kunjalo unyango rhoqo, kwaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukusetyenziswa arhente steroidal, oko Kukhethwa ukuba usebenzise amachiza buthathaka (lokuthintela neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga).

Steroid kwi yonyango isixokelelwano sokuphefumla

agents hormone onke amachiza asetyenziswa ukunyanga ukudumba inyumoniya kuba nefuthe kakhulu ezinkulu. Emva intshayelelo kwabo a nokudumba nciphisa mucosal kunye yencindi secretion, kubuyisela kwakhona epithelium oluqhelekileyo inyumoniya. Intshayelelo steroid emzimbeni abangaphangeliyo kwisigaba emva nokwaliwa, kwakunye nokwanda impendulo inyumoniya. ahluke:

1. Steroid eluhlobo iintlungu inhalation. Zezona ndlela zikhethwayo beziyobisi ukuze zisetyenziswe unyango zonke iintlobo sombefu.
2. Corticosteroids, esetyenziswa ngohlobo lwezitofu kwinkqubo yegazi. Olu hlobo lisetyenziswa kuphela sisifo xa ayiphumelelanga ezinye iindlela zonyango.
3. Steroid for Ulawulo ngomlomo nazo kusetyenziswa unyango elifutshane ngamaxesha exacerbations.

Steroid kwi unyango lwezifo onaso

Indlela ayisebenzisayo ukuba kuliwe rheumatism, ukuba steroids. Yintoni na, yaye yintoni amachiza asetyenziswa ukunyanga rheumatism, sihlolisise. isifo samathambo ukulinganiselwa kule nkqubo yonyango. iziyobisi steroid inokusetyenziswa kuphela ukuba ixesha analo lifutshane. Noko ke, ukuba adla ngokusetyenziswa ekulweni ekubonakalisweni fever (ngexesha ukusebenza kwesi sifo). Iziyobisi kweli qela nayo kusetyenziswa indlela yonyango ukudumba amalungu yomqolo. Glucocorticosteroids kunye nesicelo iqhelekileyo unyango lwezifo rheumatism:

• prednisone, prednisolone, ubuncinane - deksamitazon (p.o.);
• metilprednizon, betamethasone.

Glucocorticoids kunye nexabiso lwabo izifo hematological

Glucocorticoids (cortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) liqela kweziyobisi immunosuppressive ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo izifo kwinkqubo hematopoietic. Pathogenesis wayo reactions kunokwenzeka ukudumba ngezimanga sokuhlasela. Prednisone, yaye kwiimeko ezinzima - metilprednizon isetyenziswa yegazi kwi ukunyanga kwegazi ezinxulumene ne thrombocytopenia. Steroid zingasetyenziswa kunye loluthando ukopha, njengoko kukhokelela ekwandeni zegazi count.

Steroid ne insufficiency adrenal

Kwimeko sifo "hypoadrenalism" kusetyenziswa glucocorticosteroids zokwenziwa. Yintoni na, yintoni iimpawu zibonakale izifo? Oku ngokuyintloko ezinxulumene nemveliso lehlile zamadlala corticoid (disease Addison i-). Corticosteroids zisetyenziswa ukunyanga insufficiency ahlekise okanye engapheliyo adrenal. Ngenxa amachiza - cortisol (okanye gidrokortizol).

Glucocorticosteroids ne ziyabagulisa

Xa unyango negazi nazo kusetyenziswa steroids. unyango olunjalo kufuneka lwenziwe xa iimpawu ngokulinganisela ngamaxesha nokuthimliswa komzimba, conjunctivitis kunye urticaria okanye esisabela ukudumba ezinxulumene impovane. Ukuthintela ukuphinda yokusabela anaphylactic asetyenziswa ngokubanzi, hydrocortisone (200 mg i.v.) okanye prednisolone (20 mg yegazi). Kwaye ke amachiza kakhulu ethandwa, kuthathwa kwindawo ebandayo, ukuba allergies zezi: flunisolid kunye fluticasone, isandla sokususwa ngakumbi okukhawulezileyo samarhanana ingxinano.

Imiphumela emibi steroid

reactions ezahlukeneyo zenzeka ngenxa yesenzo luvo kunye ukutya xa ndithatyathwa iihomoni adrenocortical. Ingozi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwandisa xa amachiza kweli qela zisetyenziselwa ixesha elide okanye ngeedosi eziphezulu. uhlobo zabo, ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibe zikhulu kuxhomekeka ngezinga elikhulu kuhlobo iziyobisi.

Zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga corticosteroids zezi:

• ukuphakanyiswa igazi glucose (steroids kuthi kuphazamisane inyathelo insulin);
• nengozi yokuba nesifo seswekile;
• nengozi isilonda esiswini kunye isilonda duodenal;
• kwamathambo kwaye sehlise ukukhula kwabantwana;
• syndrome Cushing kaThixo;
• izifo zengqondo (sokulibala, utshintsho kwimo, manic-ukudakumba, schizophrenia);
• ukuxhuzula kwizigulane kunye sokuwa;
• insufficiency adrenal;
• lwegazi.

Kwakhona, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi glucocorticoid ngeedosi ezinkulu ikhuthaza candidiasis le kwisisu ngomlomo sinus ngeempumlo, umlomo owomileyo, hoarseness, ukukhohlela, ukopha of ngenwebu yangaphakathi.