Izinto ezibangela le French Revolution, iminyaka, iziganeko, iziphumo

The French Revolution yaziwa ngokuba inguqu likhulu iinkqubo zopolitiko nezentlalo zelizwe kunye nokuphelisa epheleleyo yookumkani epheleleyo. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, ubukho engaphezu kweshumi (ukusuka ka1789 ukuya 1799).

izizathu

France ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo - ke eli lizwe kunye ukumkani elililo kwaye iyonke usakhathazwa kwinkalo yentlalo-qoqosho. Amandla kurhulumente akhe wathembela phezu yinye yomkhosi kwaye ingenalo novelwano. Ngenxa yeemfazwe amaninzi yoluntu yamahlwempu ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, abalawuli kwafuneka batshintshe disadvantageous wena (kunye abalimi, oongxowankulu, izifundiswa). Kodwa ne sabelo, izihlwele baba ngakumbi ungonelisekanga.

Iliza yokuqala kombono bavuka nkqu ebudeni bolawulo Louis XV, wafikelela incopho yayo ebudeni bolawulo uLouis XVI. Kukudla komlilo wawagalela umsebenzi yentanda nezopolitiko kootitshala (umzekelo, uMontesquieu ukuba bagxeke urhulumente, ebiza ukumkani lokubhukuqa, kunye Rousseau Radel ukuba amalungelo abantu). Ngenxa yoko, ukunganeliseki kunye aqolileyo hayi kuphela Ingxenye labantu, kodwa phakathi uluntu ofundileyo.

Ngaloo ndlela, unobangela i-French Revolution:

• kuncipha mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala lobudlelwane yemarike;
• yentwana kwinkqubo yolawulo;
• urhwaphilizo kunye nokuthengiswa ofisi yoluntu;
• inkqubo Akukwazi zazikhona;
• ayikaqondwa wawubeka umthetho;
• inkqubo lwakudala lwe amalungelo for kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo;
• yokungathembi abasemagunyeni;
• imfuno zokulungisa izinto ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko.

izenzakalo

Izizathu ngasentla ukuba French Revolution ibonisa kuphela imeko yangaphakathi lizwe. Kodwa umfutho ekuqaleni ukuya revolution wenza imfazwe inkululeko eMelika xa amathanga IsiNgesi wavukela. Nguwo lowo umqondiso kuzo zonke iiklasi ukuxhasa ingcamango kwamalungelo oluntu, inkululeko kunye nokulingana.

Imfazwe kufuneka iinkcitho olumbaxa mali kaNondyebo zaphela, wafika intsilelo. Kwagqitywa ukubamba eUnited-Jikelele, ukuze afeze uguquko kwezezimali. Kodwa ke into yokuba lona ukumkani nabacebisi bakhe ayizange yenzeke. Ngexesha lentlanganiso e Versailles ilifa wesithathu kwakhula e inkcaso wathi ngokwabo iNdibano yesiZwe, wabuza ukuba i-French siseko.

Ngokwembono mbali, ngqo French Revolution (lwalukumanqanaba alo ziza kuchazwa kancinane) yaqala kunye aphume le Bastille - uphawu ukumkani - Julayi 14, ka1789.

Zonke iziganeko iminyaka elishumi zinakho yahlulwe kabini:

1. neNgonyama siseko (de 1792).
2. ixesha Girondist (de Meyi 1793).
3. ixesha Jacobean (de 1794).
4. ixesha Thermidor (de-1795).
5. ixesha Directoire (de-1799).
6. ubhedu Bryumersky (ekupheleni revolution, ngoNovemba 1799, UNapoleon Bonaparte weza power).

Izinto ezibangela le French Revolution kule minyaka ilishumi kwaye isekho, kodwa abantu abanalo ithemba lekamva elingcono, kunye Bonaparte waba "umsindisi" kunye umbusi.

neNgonyama

Korol Lyudovik XVI wahliswa September 21, 1792, emva kokuba indlu yakhe, engqongwe malunga namashumi amabini amawaka bavukeli.

Kunye nentsapho yakhe evalelwe endlwini kaNdikhoyo. YoMlawuli etyholwa ngokungcatsha uhlanga karhulumente. Louis nethe onke amagqwetha nasemacaleni, ngokusekelwe kwi-siseko, waziphendulela. Isigqibo zamasekela ezingamashumi amabini anesine, wafunyanwa enetyala waza wagwetyelwa ukufa. January 21, 1793 isigwebo ibisiwe kumhlaba ukusebenza. October 16, 1793 wabulawa umfazi wakhe, uMarie Antoinette.

Emva kokuba ukubulawa Louis XVI , amanye amazwe kunye monarchists French waqonda ukuba ngukumkani unyana wakhe oselula Louis-Charles. Noko ke, akazange umiselwe ukuba esihlalweni sobukhosi. Xa ndandineminyaka engama elishumi inkwenkwe ubudala wafa * endlwini kaThixo, indawo entolongweni yakhe. Ngokusemthethweni, unobangela wokufa kwakubhalwe isifo sephepha.

Ngoko ke, bonke abantwana abahlala kwakukho kuphela UMaria Teresa, leyo wakhululwa entolongweni ngo-1793 kutshintshiselwano ngenxa French amabanjwa emfazwe. Yena waya kwelinye. Ekhaya, wakwazi ukuba babuyele kuphela ngo-1814.

iziphumo

Iziphumo ze-French Revolution, kangangokuba ekuweni umyalelo omdala sele yenzekile. Ilizwe singene kwixesha elitsha kunye elizayo wentando yesininzi phambili.

Noko ke, ababhali-mbali abaninzi bathi ukuba ezibangela ukuba French Revolution akazange alindele inguqu elide kunye egazi hlobo. Ngokutsho Aleksisa Tokvilya, into leyo eyakhokelela mdibi kwakuza kwenzeka ngokwaso ngaphezu kwexesha akavuma yabangela amaxhoba amaninzi kangaka.

Enye inxalenye mbali uyakuxabisa intsingiselo French Revolution, eyincoma nento yokuba, olusekelwe phezu umzekelo wayo, Latin America ukhululekile amakoloni.