Strategy National Development Sustainable

Egameni le-Government of Russia lenze isicwangciso sophuhliso oluzinzileyo ukuya ku-2020, nto leyo ebizwa - "Isicwangciso-2020". Esebenza kuyo ngaphezu kokuba iingcali yewaka ngonyaka, yaye ngo-2011 ngoncedo leengcali kunye RANHiGS nokuye ahlangabezana le program. Olu luguqulelo sesibini nophuhliso CRA (uphuhliso ixesha elide ingqiqo), inguqulelo yokuqala yagqitywa yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa woPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho kunye nezinye ii-arhente ngo-2007, kunye nophuhliso lwaqhutywa egameni uMongameli Russian Federation.

I ukhetho lokuqala

Concept (Strategy) Development oluZinzileyo kwinguqulelo yokuqala yenzelwe ukuchonga iindlela kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha elide, ezinzileyo kakuhle-ntle yabemi Russian, ukhuseleko lwesizwe, lo sophuhliso sesizwe loqoqosho, ekomelezeni indawo eRussia uluntu ehlabathini. Development ukujikeleza umbono ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2020, kunye itekisi yayo yokugqibela (CRA 2020), urhulumente evunyiweyo ngoNovemba 2008.

Inkangeleko yesibini ukhetho yaba yimfuneko ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Isicwangciso sophuhliso oluzinzileyo yamkelwa ngexesha xa imigudu ebonakalayo yeengxaki zemali kunye noqoqosho jikelele. Ngoxa yasungulwa ingqiqo, oko kuchaphazele onke amazwe, ephuhliswe kuphela, apho Russian Federation akazange isicelo. Noko ke, indlela evunyiweyo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo yaba ukuwa-2008, xa ubunzima weza kwilizwe lethu. Ezi zinto iguquka ngokukhawuleza, yaye isiphumo soko kukuba kude ngexesha ukwamkelwa kombono zonke postulates awo lixesha.

crisis

Le ntlekele iye yakhokelela elibukhali kakhulu, kwaye ukuwa zinzulu zonke izikhombisi zoqoqosho, kwaye ngoko ke inani elikhulu lamanqaku reference, nkqu isigaba sokuqala CRA 2020 lwaba akuwenzi. Strategy Development Sustainable kaZwelonke ekuqaleni ziyi-ukususela ngo-2007 ukuya ku-2012. Kwacetywa ekupheleni kwesi sigaba sexesha, ukufikelela ngokonyuswa kwiminyaka emibini enesiqingatha ubude ebomini.

GDP kufuneka likhule ezingamashumi amathathu anesibhozo ekhulwini kunye nokukhula kwemveliso ukuya mane elinye ekhulwini. GDP kufuneka ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuya elinethoba ekhulwini. ingeniso Real zicwangciswa ukwandisa nge amahlanu anesine ekhulwini. Kukho nezinye yezinto ezininzi, ukuphumeza loo thuba akazange afike.

Isizathu sesibini

Ngu uhlobo kuphuhliso lwesicwangciso-qhinga nophuhliso oluzinzileyo wesizwe kwinguqulelo yakhe yokuqala ukuba ngokucacileyo zesebe apho apha liqhuma zonke benchmarks ubuninzi ekufuneka ziphunyezwe yi-2020, ingakumbi kwingingqi nganye. Noko ke, iingxaki ejamelene noluntu Russian kunye noqoqosho yayo, zihlahlelwe iinkcukacha babengekho. A indlela ngokuphumeza injongo nganye zavela declaratively.

Umzekelo: ". Kuya kwenziwa uluntu olusekelwe phezu ukuphendula kunye nokuthembela karhulumente amaziko abucala kunye noluntu kwezoqoqosho nokwehlukana Social kuya kuncipha ngenxa amathuba alinganayo kuwo onke amanqanaba obomi abantu bangazinzi kwindawo abakuzo, imigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu ukuxhasa amacandelo asesichengeni zabemi kunye ukudityaniswa abafakwa." Kakade ke, iingxelo ezinjalo elikhulu kuphela yokukhalisa yokulungelelanisa yakwalubala wangaphakathi.

Le ndlela yesibini

Russian Federation Sustainable Development Strategy in version yayo yesibini yasungulwa ngo-2011 ngokomyalelo iNkulumbuso. namaqela eengcali badalwa kwimali engamashumi amabini ananye, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni konxibelelwano phakathi iiyunivesithi ezimbini - i nokuye kwaye RANHiGS abongameli babo Vladimir Mau kunye Yaroslav Kuzmin. Kwadlula amakhulu ambalwa mpikiswano, iingxoxo kunye neentlanganiso. Strategy Sustainable Development of Russia yaqulunqa baseRashiya hayi kuphela - ngaphezu kwekhulu neengcali ezivela kwamanye amazwe ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekudaleni isicwangciso ubomi elizayo ukuzeka kade umsindo looMawokhulu bethu.

Phakathi baseRashiya, ukudala inkqubo apho siphila ngoku kunyaka wayo wesixhenxe, ingakumbi, wasebenza: Lev Yakobson, Evsey Gurvich, Sergei Drobyshevskiy Vladimir Gimpelson Ksenia Yudaeva, Isak Froumin, Alexander Auzan, uMikhail Blinkin kunye abaninzi ngakumbi. Siye sadibana ngamathuba rhoqo, kwaye izinto ezipapashwe kumaphepha e web eyahlulelwe ukuba "2020 Strategy". Iintlanganiso ezininzi zaye zabanjwa kwimo evulekileyo, eli qela ehlawula eninzi ingqalelo eendaba. Development Strategy Sustainable kwiRiphabliki kuphuhliswa phantse onke amazwe ico - Kazakhstan, Belarus kunye nabanye.

ingxelo yokuGqibela

Iingcali wabahlula umsebenzi wayo ngezigaba ezibini. kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2011, ukuya ku-Agasti, baye bafunda iindlela zophuhliso kunye namanyathelo ukuba ziyangqinelana na nale nophuhliso. Emva koko, urhulumente wenzelwa ingxelo yexeshana amaphepha ezimakhulu mathandathu anamithandathu.

Ngaphezu koko, ngo zezinkonzo kanye arhente siye saxubusha yaye wazimisela ulwalathiso yayo yokugqibezela uxwebhu. Ingxelo zilungisiwe ngumqulu asibhozo, anamanci amathandathu anesine page ngoDisemba 2011, yaye ngoMatshi 2012, isicwangciso sophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho oluzinzileyo kwinguqulelo entsha yapapashwa (phantsi igama elide).

Sabuza kubantu

Ngo-2012, siya kuqhutywa izifundo ityala ukuze ukucacisa ubudlelwane namacandelo ohlukileyo oluntu ukuba izindululo eziqulethwe kwi "Strategy 2020". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba olu xwebhu kwafunyanwa bamelene ngaphezu lweli.

izikhalazo ikakhulukazi bafaka ukuya izinto ezingeniswe Group 3 (Xenia Yudaeva, Tatyana Maleva), aye avelisa yokuguqula inkqubo pension, iqela-5 (Z Hochberg), nto leyo echaza lenguqu ukuya ezintsha kwanda, iqela 6 (Alexander Galushko Sergey Drobyshevskiy) - on umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu , iqela 7 (Vladimir Gimpelson kunye nabanye) kwi kwimarike yezemisebenzi, umgaqo-nkqubo yokufudukela kunye noqeqesho lomsebenzi.

Iqela Umsebenzi 8 (Isak Froumin Anatoly Kasprzhak) ngokumalunga nesikolo esitsha engogwetyiweyo zonke ngaphandle kokukhetha. Akukho namnye bakholwa ezifunyanisiweyo Vladimira lerova kunye UPauline Kozyrevoj ukucuthwa ukungalingani kunye kwentlupheko. German Gref and Oleg Viyugin saqale iingcali. Kwaye njalo-njalo. Abantu kuphuhliso loqoqosho oluzinzileyo sicwangciso hayi yinzondelelo encinane akazange abangele.

isakhiwo

Xa "Strategy 2020" izahluko ezimashumi mabini anantlanu ubude, neyohlulwe kumacandelo ezintandathu. Kwakhona kukho kolu sicelo xwebhu, nto leyo ichaza "kushenxa mali" (kutshintshwe mali federal), uluhlu amanyathelo kwicala ngalinye yophuhliso, leyo nayo zahlolwa ziingcali. Amacandelo xwebhu ziquka:

1. Indlela yokukhula entsha.

2. Uqoqosho lwesizwe. Iimeko ezisisiseko zokukhula.

3. Umgaqo-Social. capital Human.

4. Infrastructure. bume, uphuhliso elungeleleneyo.

5. ngokukuko kwemali karhulumente.

6. Imvulophu wophuhliso.

"Isicwangciso-2020" yaye oko, yaye kwelinye ngobuwena, ukuzama zokubangela kwenye inqwelo "inkomo kunye opick yayibebezela". Kakade ke, sifuna indlela entsha yokukhula koqoqosho kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo kwezentlalo. nakanjani Uqoqosho ukuba ngokutsha: nokufika lobunzima, imfuno lwasekhaya waqala ukwehla, kwaye inguqulelo yokuqala "qhinga" yayisekelwe ukuphakama kwakhe. Russian ezithunyelwa yakhiwa phantse ngokupheleleyo ngenxa izohlwayo wangena, ngoko ke, ingqalelo ixabiso yangaphambili ingamampunge. Nangona kunjalo, i "Strategy 2020" kwakhona ningashukunyiswa nimke izibhengezo nephupha: elo lizwe kufuneka ukukhula koqoqosho ubuncinane kwisihlanu ekhulwini ngonyaka, kungekho mfuneko siyimise yokuthumela izinto ekrwada kunye kulwabiwo lwezibonelelo kumacandelo, apho ukusebenza phantsi. Ingaba kukude kakhulu ukusuka lethu?

kushenxa

Ingcamango olusisiseko "Strategy 2020" - le kushenxa enye, nto leyo ukuvumela ukubandakanyeka zinto ngaphambili elingasetyenziswanga okhuphiswano. Ngokomzekelo, abanjalo. High kwabantu umgangatho amandla zenzululwazi. Apho ukuze oko? Phakathi blue-ikhola imisebenzi kudala uphelelwe ziingcali, ngokuba akukho mveliso, akukho zabo zemfundo kunye nenzululwazi Russian umsebenzi engcono - ayikho entle kakhulu - kule ezintsonkothileyo emkhosini-mveliso kunye noshishino sithuba, ubuninzi ezingqondweni best kudala ukusebenza kwamanye amazwe lizwe.

nkqubo Social yakhiwe ziingcali ngendlela esikhusela iimfuno abona bantu bahluphekayo musa, kunye umaleko leyo eyenza uphuhliso ezintsha, oko kukuthi, bangafi "abakumgangatho ophakathi 'enye, ukukwazi khetha nasiphi imodeli losetyenziso kunye nabasebenzi. Iingcali azithathele emthandazweni wabo ukwehla ngcembe kwamaxabiso, ukwamkela imithetho emitsha mali eyayiza zilawule iindleko mali (ngokuxhomekeke ixabiso oli). Bona ingqalelo iinkcitho ukukhula ninganqeni, kusini na, yaye kubonakala ukuba lizinze kokuphazamiseka kunye mali ezinzileyo. Sele kweminyaka emihlanu kamva kucacile ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo loluntu unguYe ziingcali kwelinye icala abantu. Imeko yangaphandle asizange sibe ngokunxulumene neshishini ngaphantsi ndlongondlongo kwemozulu ushishino, ngaphandle ukuphucula, ekhuphisanayo, mhlawumbi walondoloza, kodwa aninjalo nonke.

Ilizwe post-mveliso

Iingcali ziye sibone uqoqosho lwethu kwixa elizayo, post-mveliso, kumashishini inkonzo-based, ezo zijolise kuphuhliso lwezakhono zoluntu, oko kukuthi, ukuba uqoqosho, nto leyo eya kuba iyeza, imfundo, usasazo kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi ibalulekileyo, nkqu design. Kukho ngokuqinisekileyo inzuzo kukhuphiswano bekuya kuba ukuba ebengabhenelanga frittered kude yi underfunding rhoqo zonke iinkqubo zentlalo, kwakunye ngenxa ulawulo kakuhle kakhulu.

"Isicwangciso-2020" angathanda ukubuyisela nokugxininisa ezi ezinako zelizwe lethu entsimini amayeza, imfundo kunye nenkcubeko, kodwa apho ukufumana ngoku? Abo lwabasebenzi ukuba aye kukhuphiswano, baguge, kunye nokufundisa entsha sele embi kakhulu. Ezinyangiweyo ngoogqirha abatsha ngoku nje eyoyikisayo ukufunda evela kootitshala abatsha akukho lutho, kunye nenkcubeko, kakhulu, nto elungileyo kuye akukenzeki.

kushenxa ngaphezulu

Kuqoqosho post-mveliso, yaye ilizwe kufuneka enze le "kushenxa mali", oko kukuthi, ukutshintsha kuqala iinkcitho mali. Iingcali zikholelwa 2020 zimali izibonelelo umyinge okwisine ekhulwini we-GDP enkulu, kwaye kwincitho mali, ukunciphisa iindleko efanayo amane ekhulwini kwimimandla yokhuseleko kunye zokhuselo, ukuchitha phezu izixhobo karhulumente, kwakunye nokunciphisa mali kumashishini. Abemi eziqhelekileyo Russia kwiingxoxo zesi sicwangciso "benza" zaye zibangele ingcwangu, ebiza lo sicwangciso engenangqondo, abanye bade wasebenzisa igama elithi "yokuhlaselwa".

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iingcali enikiweyo obhale ngaphezu enye kwicala ngalinye: Ukuba akunguye inguqu esebenzayo ngokwaneleyo - yenza le nto yenzekayo inertial, kwakunye nzima, ngexesha apho amaqela musa imbuyekezo ngenxa yokufelwa, yaye ngakumbi mzekelo phambili, utshintsho ngokupheleleyo, xa iimfuno zamaqela athabatha inxaxheba zithathelwa ingqalelo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Abezopolitiko ukhethe indlela engcono.

Iingcali namagunya

Xa yapapashwa ingxelo yokugqibela, ezi ngcebiso nabalondolozi lo msebenzi babesenzelwa inkxaso ngokungagungqiyo yezindululo eziphambili nguMongameli kunye norhulumente, nangona ukungaboni ngasonye babekhona ekuqaleni. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa kuphuculo pension.

Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi nezibonelelo "Strategy 2020" sele ifakiwe kule program lwemisebenzi kwamaziko karhulumente, kodwa ke ingxaki le yokupaka kwi eyinkunzi (umbhali uMikhail Blinkin), Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Economic Development baphumeza ulawulo lwemali karhulumente, elawula inqanaba ityala likarhulumente kunye nenkcitho-mali, umz. komhlaba Pension sidlula ngeziphakamiso "Strategy 2020", nto leyo ngxoxo esebenzayo kunye neemvakalelo kakhulu. Yintoni uthini kuphuculo lwezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu ...

jikelele

Isicwangciso lophuhliso loluntu oluzinzileyo, ineenkcukacha ngo-1987 kwaye eyamkelwe yiKhomishoni International, yaye namhlanje ngokushushu izazi iinkokeli zehlabathi. Ingxelo malunga ngokubaluleka kwalo mba yabhengezwa kuqala yi-UN yiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ngelo xesha, amazwe amaninzi (naseRussia ingakumbi) ziye lamkele lo mgaqo kuphuhliso, obonelela nabutyala karhulumente kunye noluntu ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo ukuqinisekisa ngokwanelisa iimfuno.

iinkalo Geographical yesicwangciso sophuhliso oluzinzileyo uluntu bubuxoki into yokuba kuyimfuneko ukoyisa ukungafani iinkqubo zentlalo. Ukuze kuphunyezwe umgaqo uxanduva abemi-ntle izizukulwana ezizayo kube imodeli elizayo impucuko, apho iinkalo ezintathu lixhulumene: yezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nezokusingqongileyo ezingundoqo. Isicwangciso sophuhliso olugcinekayo lokusingqongileyo, umzekelo, kufuneka kukhokelela uzinzo iinkqubo eziphilayo emhlabeni, ukuze kupheliswe ezisongela ubukho boluntu.