Iinkqubo yovukelo Russia imvula yomlilo

Ukususela kwimihla odumileyo Katyusha zatshintsha kakhulu. ngamaqhinga Battle, izixhobo, imida yesizwe ... Kodwa izindululi ngexabiso ezininzi eRashiya kule mini zibaluleke kakhulu kwi edabini. Ngoncedo lwabo, ungenza ukulahla kweqokobhe amandla enkulu yatshabalalisa amashumi km, abatshabalalisa ukukhubaza iindawo ezinqatyisiweyo, utshaba izithuthi vehicles kwezoshishino kwanababoneleli bemfundo.

Ilizwe lethu usesikhundleni okhokelayo kwicandelo lophuhliso MLRS: rhoqo ekuphuculeni uphuhliso iisampuli ezindala kunye ezintsha kwezixhobo. Namhlanje sijonga oko iinkqubo imvula lomlilo Russia namhlanje ziyafumaneka kwi Army arsenal.

"Grad"

MRL 122mm. Yenzelwe ukuba ukutshabalalisa abasebenzi utshaba, isicwangciso ekude minefields, batshabalalisa izikhundla ezinqatyisiweyo yotshaba. Kuyisombulula loongxaki ukukhanya kunye nezithuthi eliphakathi vehicles. Xa ekudaleni machine kusetyenziswa isisu semoto "phambene-4320", leyo nezikhokelo ngenxa projectiles abanjalo 122mm. Zokuthutha nezikhali kwi "Castle" singaba nawuphi na umatshini othe ubukhulu efanelekileyo.

Inani guide for amaqokobhe - iziqwenga 40, zimiswe ngokwemigca ezine iziqwenga zibe lishumi ngalinye. Umlilo iyakwenziwa zombini kuqhume abangatshatanga kunye ivolibholi xesha, nto leyo ethatha (imizuzwana 20) ngaphantsi kwe ngomzuzu. uluhlu obukhulu - up ayi 20.5. indawo abachaphazelekileyo weehektare ezine. "Grad" kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ngempumelelo olubanzi kuluhlu ubushushu: -50 ukuya +50 degrees Celsius.

ulawulo umlilo kunokwenzeka abasuka-moya nangaphandle kuyo, yaye kwimeko yokugqibela, ukubala usebenzisa lwangaphandle igxunyekwe elawulwa-kude (uluhlu - ukuya kwiimitha 50). Ekubeni abayili ziye imbutho engaguquki amaqokobhe kula maxwebhu azizikhokelo, ukulwa umatshini ngokwentelekiso incinane yazanyazanyiswa ngexesha ukudubula. Ukuzisa ukufakwa kwisikhundla ukudutyulwa kuthatha akukho ngaphezu kwemizuzu emithathu okanye emine. Kwisisu semoto nga ukuwela ubunzulu ukuya kwenye kunye iimitha enesiqingatha.

isicelo yokulwa

Apho sasebenzisa ezi iinkqubo imvula lomlilo Russia? Okokuqala, ubhaptizo kwabo umlilo senzeka emva e Afghanistan. Indlela ukukhumbula amaxhoba phantsi umlilo Mujahideen (kunye nabo abambalwa kakhulu): "Ehlabathini waba isihogo, Amagada lenyuka laya kutsho esibhakabhakeni. Sasicinga ukuba isiphelo sehlabathi. " Ufakelo zazisetyenziswa ngexesha amaphulo ezimbini Chechen, ebudeni 'imfazwe eights ezintathu "kwi ukunyanzela eGeorgia uxolo.

Noko ke, amava yokuqala yokusebenzisa ezi, ngoko izityalo kusekho ngasese yamkelwa kakuhle phambi kwezi ziganeko kuthethwa. Kwathi ngexesha esenzeka usingasiqithi Sino-eSoviet, kamva uthunyelwe ku China. Xa sihlandlo sesibini imikhosi Chinese ayesenako ukungena kummandla yayo ukuze bafumane wazazi apho, umyalelo asebenzise i "Grad" wanikwa. Ekuqaleni yiSoviet Union ngokubanzi ndandifuna ukusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya, kodwa kwakukho inkxalabo malunga abasabela ngayo uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Nantoni na, kodwa oko kwanele ukuba Pla: imvula ejoliswe na iqela "Grad" kulinywa nje mna iqhekeza ntsimi ingxabano.

wambulala ke Bangaphi Chinese, ngokuqinisekileyo akayi simazi. iingqwayi Soviet babekholelwa ukuba ummandla losingasiqithi bawela abantu ubuncinane amawaka amathathu. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, abasindileyo abazange uqinisekise.

nesimo sangoku

Namhlanje kucingwa ukuba i "Grad" ngokuziphatha ngendlela lixesha. Uninzi lwezi oomatshini, leyo ngoku kwinkonzo kunye nomkhosi yethu inxitywa phantse ngokupheleleyo. Ukongezelela, ngoku kukho kwakhona Ukwanda kuyo imikhosi MLRS zabo "Isaqhwithi". Kodwa i "nezakudala" nangoku kude awukagqitywa. Isibakala sokuba iSebe lezoKhuselo nangoku ufuna ukuphuma umkhosi kufunyaniswe kakuhle, imoto cheap kakuhle.

Kulo mba, iprojekthi elikhethekileyo langoku ukuba kuziswe ingqondo mihla kunye nokusebenza. Ingakumbi, le imodeli omdala ekugqibeleni kwasekwa inkqubo satellite navigation eziqhelekileyo, kwakunye "Baguette" ikhompyutha, elawula inkqubo yokuqalisa projectiles. Yeziqinisekiso ye emkhosini, inkqubo yohlaziyo ingenuous noko waya "Grad" inzuzo, njengokuba izakhono zazo zomkhosi iye ikhule izihlandlo eziliqela.

Le ndlela isetyenziswa onke amaqela ukuba impi kwi kwintsimi Ukrainian. Afrika idela abafumana iinkqubo ezininzi irula yokuqalisa evela eSoviet Union, nithandane esi sixhobo. Ngokufutshane, iyunithi lonikezelo eendawo iye omkhulu. Yiloo nto eyenzeka inkqubo ivolibholi lomlilo "Grad". "Smerch" kukuba siya uchaze ngezantsi, amaxesha amaninzi ezinamandla ngakumbi yaye amandla eyoyikekayo yingozi.

"Smerch"

isixhobo Ngokwenene eloyikekayo. Xa kuthelekiswa, i "Grad" efanayo ngokwenene ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwizimanga zendalo. Mgwebi: AmaMelika bakholelwa ukuba "anezandi" - ufakelo lomlilo ivolibholi, nto leyo ethath ezintsonkothileyo compact ngakumbi weza izixhobo zenyukliya.

Yaye banyanisile ngokupheleleyo. Ukucwangcisa oku imvula nje omnye "lugubungela" ongenangqondo iihektare 629 uhla leHamas iikhilomitha ukuya ku-70. Kwaye loo nto bonke. Namhlanje, ukuphuhliswa iindidi ezintsha imijukujelwa ukuba fly sele ezilikhulu kweekhilomitha. Endaweni yembutho, egubungela iindlela imvula lomlilo Russia, wayitshisa yonke into, kuquka isikrweqe enzima. Kanye MRL "anezandi" yangaphambili ingasetyenziswa kwi kuluhlu olubanzi kakhulu obushushu.

Eyenzelwe ezinkulu-scale processing of kwizikhundla utshaba phambi ekhubekisayo, utshabalalisa komhlaba ingakumbi olomeleleyo pillboxes, batshabalalisa zoqhaphelo olukhulu imikhosi yotshaba kunye nezithuthi yotshaba.

isikhokelo chassis ukuqalisa projectiles

Kwisisu semoto idaliwe ngokusekelwe zonke-yokubona isithuthi MAZ-543. Mu kuya kwa nshita "Inqaba", esi sicwangciso kuyingozi kakhulu utshaba yinto yokuba ubume ze battery iquka inkqubo yolawulo lomlilo "ababekumzi", nto leyo evumela ukuphumeza ukusebenza liphezulu, oko luphawu lweenkqubo umphanda zokudubula.

Ezi izindululi izidubuli ngexabiso ezininzi kufuneka yimiqolo 12 tubular ukuze lukhule. Ngamnye kubo Umlinganiseli neekhilogram 80, no-280 kubo ophethe esinamandla Uyadubula. iingcali kwezikhali bakholelwa ukuba le umlinganiselo ezilungele imijukujelwa engakhokelwa, njengoko ivumela ukuba zidibene a nemboniselo kwizomelezi enamandla kunye enkulu yingozi.

Kwaye enye inkalo 'Smerch "projectiles. Abayili kudala basebenza kulo, kodwa wenza qiniseka ukuba engile izehlo emhlabeni iqondo 90. Loo "zimpahla" kulula ukuthunga lonke utshaba probabilistic MBT, kunye nezakhiwo eziphathekayo nekungenakwenzeka ukuba siwele gunya. Okwangoku, imveliso "Smerch" omtsha kuhlelwe (mhlawumbi), ukususela kumgca umsebenzi baya endaweni yalo entsha "Isaqhwithi".

Noko ke, kukho abathile kungenzeka ukuba iinkqubo endala ziya kuba phantsi maxesha. Ngokuqinisekileyo emthethweni wabo kunokwenzeka ukuba iquke iintlobo ezintsha imijukujelwa isikhokelo esebenzayo, ukuze alwayo ikhono le nkqubo kwaye namhlanje kusekude ukuba udiniwe.

Yintoni enye sibe izindululi rocket, izindululi rocket?

"Hurricane"

Zokuphelisa 70s zenkulungwane lokugqibela. ukusebenza wokulwa zisendaweni isikhundla oluphakathi phakathi kwe "Castle" yaye "anezandi." Ngoko ke, lo uluhlu obukhulu awu 35. Ngokubanzi, i "iNkanyamba" - izindululi rocket ezininzi, uyilo ezininzi siseko avuliweyo, nto leyo nangoku sikhokelwe ababhekisi phambili izixhobo ezifana kwilizwe lethu. Uye wadala mqambi yakhe edumileyo Kalachnikov kaYuri Nikolaevich.

By the ukuthetha ngendlela, i "iNkanyamba" - ufakelo lomlilo ivolibholi, abalunikelwayo kwakanye yiSoviet Union kunyuswa emininzi zisiwe Yemen, nto leyo ngoku ekuqaleni nemisebenzi yokulwa olunzulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo kungekudala siza ukufumana kakuhle njani babonisa ubuchule yiSoviet endala edabini. imikhosi Russian exhobileyo kunye "Grad" zisetyenziswa "Isichotho" kwimfazwe e Afghanistan.

Kwakhona, ufakelo ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa Chechnya, yaye kamva - kwaye eGeorgia. Kukho ubungqina bokuba ukusebenzisa i "iNkanyamba" kanye yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kumhlathi phambili lweetanki Georgian (ngokwe kweminye imithombo, nto yaba "Grad").

le complex

Kwi kwisisu semoto imigodi umatshini Zil 135LM-enyusiweyo 16, abakhokeli tubular (ekuqaleni izicwangciso ukuba baya kuba 20). Ukraine ngexesha labo ukwenza kubo umatshini zaphuculwa ngokuzibeka zibe kwisisu semoto lwabo KrAZ Kremenchug. Ukubunjwa abasebenzi egumbini isityalo sinezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• Ngqo umatshini 9P140.

• Zokuthutha kunye ekulayisheni 9T452 lukhule.

• Cwangcisa emthethweni.

• ulawulo lomlilo umatshini-based ufakelo 1V126 "News-B."

• Iimali ngemfundo noqeqesho ukubala.

• station 1T12-2M uphando ngesimo.

• DF meteorology ezintsonkothileyo 1B44.

• Iseti epheleleyo izixhobo kunye nezixhobo 9F381 yenzelwe ukuba ziyolungiswa nokulondolozwa koomatshini ukusuka entsonkothileyo.

Yintoni enye luphawulwa ezininzi ngexabiso izindululi Russia "Isichotho"? Zokudubula isabelo kwakheka kwi indlela equilibration isiseko ujikelezo, kwaye kwakhona iye yaxhobisa kunye actuators kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba kunye electromechanical. Izikhokelo iphakheji Kuku nga uqhutyelwe kuluhlu ukusuka izidanga-5 ukuya 55.

Le ukugudisa oxwesileyo inokwenziwa kwi-engile degrees 30 ukuya ekunene nasekhohlo esqwini usembindini yokulwa sithuthi. Ukuze, xa kwavela imvula enkulu umngcipheko zavalivanija isisu semoto enzima, inxalenye emva lugs ezimbini ezinamandla enikiweyo. Esi sakhiwo kwakhona yafakwa izixhobo ngombono ebusuku ngoko kusetyenziswe ebumnyameni.

Okwangoku, i-Russian Armed Forces igcine malunga nekhulu aba matshini. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuphucula izifundo zabo aziyi icinywe nje uphelelwe yokulwa resource. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-MRL omtsha liye labhalwa inkonzo, equka zonke iingenelo onobuhle endala.

"Inkanyamba"

Oku - inkqubo entsha imvula lomlilo Russia. Ukuphuhlisa oko yaqala ngenxa yokuba i "Inqaba 'endala, abathe bona baba kwinkonzo iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane, ifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo indawo. Ngenxa yomsebenzi yophuhliso kakhulu kwaye kukho le moto.

Ngokungafaniyo langaphambili, izindululi ngexabiso multiple Russia "Isaqhwithi" mkhulu kude kummandla lokudubula isikhokelo ngqo, njengoko banokusebenzisa ulwazi ngesimo wadluliselwa kwiisathelayithi. Kodwa asinguye kuphela lo MRL esisodwa elalisandul 'ukumiselwa.

Inyaniso kukuba phambi ushishino yiSoviet umsebenzi ngamnye ukwenza ufakelo eyahlukileyo: enyanisweni, kanye ukuba kwakukho "zoo" zemozulu ngohlobo "Grad", "Isaqhwithi" yaye "Isichotho." Kodwa inkqubo mihla Russian izindululi ngexabiso ezininzi ( "Isaqhwithi") ziya kukhutshwa kwiinguqulelo ezintathu, esebenzisa kweqokobhe zonke zontathu oomatshini ezichazwe ngasentla. Kuthathwa ukuba abayili kukwazi ngokukhawuleza indawo unit zokudubula, ukuze isisu semoto elinye ingasetyenziswa ngokwezikhundla ezahlukeneyo.

sabaleka ezintsha

Ukongeza, zonke iinkqubo ophelileyo siphaku enye enkulu ezinxulumene uncontrollability emthethweni. Ngamafutshane, ikhondo oluchanekileyo imijukujelwa elikhutshiweyo abakwazanga. Konke oku kakhulu ezifanelekileyo yeemfazwe eminyaka edlulileyo, kodwa ke kwiimeko ezigqubayo sele ayamkelekanga. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, kuba "Isaqhwithi" ziye wadala iindidi ezintsha lwezinto okubonakalayo esebenzayo kunye laser ekhokelwa. Okokugqibela MLRS jikisa, isixhobo esitsha ngokupheleleyo kakhulu yingozi.

Ngaloo ndlela, iinkqubo ngexabiso Russian mihla lomlilo ivolibholi ngoku kuthelekiswa ukusebenza ngempumelelo iisampulu ezininzi ogqibeleleyo zokudubula eqhelekileyo, ukubetha injongo amashumi leekhilomitha. Ngokwahlukileyo phambili kule nkalo "Isaqhwithi" badubula uluhlu y "Isaqhwithi" sele ukuya ku-100 km (xa usebenzisa amaqokobhe esihambelanayo).

Ukudibana entsha nendala

Njengoko wabhala ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, ngeli xesha lakalokunje kwangawo nokuphuculwa "Grad" ubudala, nto leyo kakhulu washiya inkonzo. Emva koko ke abayili batyelela ingcamango: "Kuthekani ukuba usebenzise elula, izixhobo zobuchwepheshe ukusuka 'Inqaba" sentlalo neyunithi entsha kulwa i "Isaqhwithi" bodidi olufanelekileyo'? Thought iye yaphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ngoko ke wazalwa umatshini omtsha wenza "Isaqhwithi-G". yamkelwa ngokusesikweni inkonzo ngo-2013, kodwa ke waqala ukuba ukunikeza amajoni. On "Biathlon itanki - 2014" i MRL entsha kwi ukubonisa ukuba wonke umntu.

Ngokungafaniyo ababengaphambi ezimbini kule nqubo, uyilo lwenkqubo yolawulo ivuliwe "News-BM", oko kukuthi amaxesha amaninzi kwandisa alwayo amakhono zakhiwo. Ukongeza, i lula kakhulu inkqubo ejolise edubula Battle: Ngoku akazange kufuneka abasebenzi ukuya ngaphandle, njengoko zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ngesimo kubonakaliswa ngexesha lokwenyani esweni ezifakwe ngaphakathi ndlwana. Ukusuka apho ungakhetha khona kunye beqala ukuvelisa lukhule.

maxesha olunjalo kuphela kwanokuphucula kwiziko omdala, kodwa kwakhona lifumene kakhulu aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Ngoku ke umatshini nga ngokukhawuleza avelise ivolibholi ukusuka kwindawo ivaliwe nilinike ngeendleko engekho ngaphezu yonke imizuzu isiqingatha. Oku kakhulu lunciphisa ubungozi ucupho kunye nokonakaliswa ezintsonkothileyo lutshaba ukuziphindezela. Ukongeza, ngokusetyenziswa amaqokobhe ezintsha kunye warhead detachable kuyenzeka ngoku ukwandisa kakhulu uluhlu kweeyunithi yokulwa kunokwenzeka.

Nantso into ekufuneka kuthi ga ngoku inkqubo ezininzi sungula irula eRashiya. Izithombe thaca kwinqaku zabo, ukuze uzenzele ingcamango omalunga amandla abo.