System luvo

I-central system luvo kuquka ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Ukubukeka yokuqala ifana atshabalalisa kancinane intambo umva. A ingqondo, ibekwe kwisisu cranial, ubunjwe zifaka ezimbini, kwiCerebellum kunye umphanda.

I zomzimba kwenkqubo luvo elawula ubudlelwane phakathi umzimba kunye nokusingqongileyo, iimpendulo yabantu kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Siyabulela kuye uququzelelo yakhe oyinkunkqele amalungu kunye namalungu omzimba. Ngokubanzi, umsebenzi wayo isekelwe ikhaliphe, njengokuba umzimba uyiphendula utshintsho incinane kokusingqongileyo engqongileyo okanye lwangaphakathi.

nemithambo luvo Central liqhuba unxibelelwano kunye nenyama xa iyonke ngokusebenzisa luvo cranial (12 izibini) kunye neengcambu spinal (of izibini 31). Zihlunu, ulusu, inxalenye imilenze kunye namacandelo zangaphakathi "ulwazi" kudluliselwa ngokusebenzisa luvo intambo afferent spinal ebaleka ukusuka ezingcanjini ngomva. Yaye "ulwazi" ukusuka esihlunwini skeletal inikezelwa kuyo nge-luvo efferent ebaleka ukusuka ezingcanjini ngomva. Ubukho okanye ukungabikho ikhaliphe ibonisa indlela umnqonqo, nokuba uzalisekisa umsebenzi lo reflex. umonakalo wayo esibandakanya ukutshintshwa zonke pulses ○ (kunye afferent kunye efferent). Ukususela umnqonqo engqondweni kwaye umva umendo uvaleke eziyimfuneko yaye esikhondweni ingqondo, kukho kuphazamiseka okanye ekupheleni. Oculomotor, ekuva kunye imithambo optic okulungiswe ephakathi. Iiflowu-arhente yolawulo, nokuhamba kwegazi, amandla kwenzeka le diencephalon nge iimbono zonxibelelwano (ngaphakathi nangaphandle) ukusebenza yonyango kunye neenkqubo sentliziyo. Le neuron iquka inani elikhulu zemithambo-luvo. Ezi ziiseli zeemilo ezahlukeneyo, ezo maleko aba- eziliqela yaye amaqhina oqhagamshelwano ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo. Icandelo ngalinye kwesikhoko unalo sisincoko ezahlukileyo iiseli, linxulunyaniswa umsebenzi lenza.

Yonke le nkqubo luvo, onke amasebe ayo onke isenzo yokuziphatha kwabantu zisebenze njengeyunithi eyodwa, ngaloo ndlela kusekwe inkqubo esebenza. Ngokwembono kwale Kucacile ukuba nayiphi na impendulo, nayiphi na reflex landulelwa umsebenzi omninzi. Nangaliphi na ixesha, inkqubo luvo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomzimba. Okokuqala ukuba ukushukunyiswa prerequisite injongo - utshintsho kokusingqongileyo ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ukususela ngokombono neurophysiology eyenzekayo le ndlela ngokuthi isebenze ngamaziko subcortical le neuron. Bona ndithume la mandla apho umzimba kakhulu imfuneko ngalo mzuzu. inkqubo luvo efuna ukwanelisa ezixhasayo lubalaseleyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oko synthesizes yonke ingcaciso ekhoyo malunga nemeko lwangaphandle kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi umzimba, baze emva koko i isenzo zokuziphatha.

Umonakalo inkqubo luvo kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Oku kwasekuzalweni, kunye kwegazi, ifuthe trauma, isiphumo ithumba okanye ukudumba. Ingqondo kunye umnqonqo abaphuhlisa abaneziphene xa le mveku zilandelayo iingozi kuchaphazela: ukugqithiselwa kamama ngethuba lokukhulelwa, izifo ezosulelayo, yokwenzakala emzimbeni, ukubekwa radiation, abakhuselekanga izinto eziyityhefu, butywala lwabazali bobabini okanye omnye wabo. Not indima mncinane kukuvela ezingaqhelekanga kunye nemidlalo yofuzo.

Ingakumbi ukukhubazeka ezinzima kwenzeka xa nkalo zingasentla umbungu kwiinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Phakathi kwabo, kwindawo yokuqala kuhlala hydrocephalus (kwi ventricles lobuchopho oluhlala kakhulu kulwelo lwe- cerebrospinal) kunye microcephaly (ubuchopho ngokwaneleyo kunye ukakayi). Impembelelo soyisa inkqubo kunye malformations yomqolo kunye ukakayi.