Elements yenkqubo yemali

inkqubo Monetary - ngokwembali uhlobo lwemali karhulumente. Loo isakhiwo ikhona kuwo onke amazwe. Ingcamango yenkqubo mali omiswe ngokomthetho. Njengaye nawuphi na, le isakhiwo iqulathe amacandelo athile.

inkqubo yemali, kubandakanywa esezantsi Yomphathi cash and non-cash transfers, iqulathe, kuqala kwiinto zonke, imigaqo uwunike apho oluqhutywa umbutho. Bona imithetho ukuyilwa kwezakhiwo abazibeka ngurhulumente. Le migaqo, kunye nezinye iziqalelo inkqubo lawulo ni vuxaka lebyikulu. Ne yokuqala inefuthe ngqo kuzo zonke ezinye amacandelo.

Kumazwe aphuhlileyo uyakwazi ukubona izinto eziphambili kwinkqubo malini.

Currency luphawu ekhutshwe yi-mthetho. Oku kusetyenziswa xa kuthelekiswa yokuthetha kunye nexabiso bonke babuphanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli candelo ukhandwa ngokwembali. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko ekufuneka sifakwe igama elitsha uphawu.

Isikali amaxabiso ithathwa njengokuba ukhetho kwiiyunithi mali karhulumente kwaye nendlela yokuthetha yexabiso yorhwebo yi ubunzima umxholo metal wemali kwiyunithi ekhethiweyo. Ingcamango yesibini, Noko ke, uphulukene nokubaluleka kwazo kwezoqoqosho. Oku kungenxa yokuba imali mboleko leyo abanalo ixabiso layo kwaye awukwazi ukuveza ukubaluleka nezinye izinto.

Iintlobo imali unesisa esemthethweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zinto zimele emali inkqubo zobuncwane kunye zebhanki amanqaku, iingqekembe ezincinane. Njengoko umthetho, kumazwe asakhasayo, amanqaku Treasury nje kukhutshwa. Xa inani yamazwe asakhasayo ivamile imali yephepha.

Ukunika imali uhlobo olunye okanye kwelinye kokuba ebekwe ngurhulumente. Umzekelo, oku kusetyenziswa amatye anqabileyo, imigaqo-inshorensi, izinto eziphathekayo, urhulumente kunye zebhanki iziqinisekiso, igolide, imali, zijikwe ngokukhululekileyo, njalo-njalo. Ukophulwa imithetho okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iintlobo izibambiso kufuneka azisayi kunyanyezelwa.

kwinqwelo lo umyalelo unyango kunye nokukhululwa imali emiselwe ngumthetho. Umsebenzi ohambelana (ukurhoxiswa imveliso) yi-Central Bank and Treasury. Central Bank ivuyela ilungelo kuphela ukukhupha imali, nto leyo kwenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo cash kwegazi. I-Ofisi kaNondyebo, njengoko esilawulayo, ikhupha iinkozo kanondyebo namatikiti. Ezi zinto zenziwa inkqubo lemali amabakala cheap ngentsimbi. Kubo kumazwe aphuhlileyo akhawunti kuba malunga neshumi ekhulwini yokumpompoza ngemali.

Yibhanki eyongameleyo uphumeza umsebenzi ukukhutshwa kwiindawo ezintathu: ngokubonelela ngemali-mboleko kumaziko ngetyala ngohlobo iindleko rediscount ekhoyo zorhwebo, unondyebo ukubolekisa phantsi ukuphunyezwa ubonelelo lwako, kwakunye imveliso engamaphepha ngenxa yokutshintsha zabo imali yelinye ilizwe.

Kwiinzame ukunciphisa amathuba ukuhla kwiinkqubo zoqoqosho, urhulumente uthathe amanyathelo okulawula inkqubo yemveliso. Kulo mzekelo, kwezi nkqubo zimbini asetyenziswa - mali kunye namatyala. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi zakhiwo edibene namanye, ingakumbi ngenxa ukubusa wokukhuthaza.

Phantsi kwimpembelelo ukwanda kwamandla emali kunye kwentlekele kumazwe amaninzi namashishini ziphuhliswe yee-ngeminyaka zenkulungwane yama-20 ukuba uye wandiswa "ezijolise." Ngoko ke, iinjongo ekujoliswe kuzo ezisekiweyo zokusonjululwa yokunyuka ukuhamba imali kunye ikhredithi.