Temple of baalshamin noBhela: watshabalalisa iisimboli ze Palmyra

Palmyra yamandulo waseka umlawuli Hurrian Tukrisha. Ngelo xesha, waba esinye sezixeko ibalulekileyo kwintlango yaseSiriya kwaye ibekwe ibe yindawo entle phakathi umAram likomkhulu eDamasko , yaye lo mlambo mkhulu e-West Asia - Efrati. "Sweet Water" emEfrati, njengoko iguqulelwe kwi ngesiAram lomlambo, uye wadala Iimpucuko ezininzi mandulo.

Palmyra wabaleka ngaphesheya endleleni ngabahambi ezininzi badlula kwintlango yaseSiriya. Ngenxa yendawo qhinga yayo, esi sixeko sachuma, zandiswa ngokuthe ngcembe yaye uye wafumana ngesiqu of "umtshakazi entlango". Izakhiwo ezininzi abadumile iintlafuno Bel Palmyra kunye Baalshamina.

Temple of Bel

Le tempile yamandulo yaba into likhulu waseSiriya Palmyra. Yakhiwa 32 BC, ngqalo ekwakhiweni kwayo kwenzeka loMlawuli uTibheriyo. Inkangeleko endlwini uBhele imela ubukhulu nobunganga boMgaqo uBukhosi baseRoma, nto leyo yathathwa Palmyra. Kwangaxeshanye, waba indlu enkulu kwisixeko samandulo, eyakhiwa imbeko umlawuli omkhulu ezulwini Bela.

Ukwakhiwa kwale ndlu iye laba uphawu umanyano East and West: embindini itempile yakhiwa kwi ngokwesithethe kuMbindi Mpuma, kunye olungaphambili yayo ahambelane ezikhethwa bobugcisa abalawuli leNtshona Palmyra. Kuthathwa ukuba itempile uBhele wayila yi bezakhiwo ukusuka kwisixeko Antiyokwe.

Ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo wenzela omnye nje kuphela, kodwa elikhulu kakhulu kwindawo iholo bemikhosi. Yayigcinwa yalo eqingqiweyo ezinkulu oothixo Palmyra zafakelwa. Ngaphandle etempileni iindonga zazihonjiswe kunye zobungangamela BAS-imikrolo kunye nemihlathi ezincinane kunye amantloko azo zobhedu ihonjiswe yegolide kwi kwelanga eliqaqambileyo. Bas kuboniswe Umngcelele kwesithethe, 7 wezijikelezi izijikelezi-12 kunye zokuma iimpawu.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, itempile uBhele wayegcine ujongo eqhelekileyo ngakumbi, lowo ubesazeka ehlabathini de 2015: uMlawuli yokubawa Roman Aurelian wemka iintsika zobhedu ihonjiswe wayibamba ukuba ikomkhulu loBukhosi baseRoma.

Temple of baalshamin in Palmyra

Esi sakhiwo zonqulo ezibalaseleyo baqalisa ukwakha kunyaka-17 iNkosi yethu, kunye nomsebenzi lwakutshanje lasungulwa yagqitywa 130, ebudeni bolawulo waseRoma loMlawuli Hadrian.

Le tempile kwanikezelwa isithixo otshatsheleyo LwamaFenike uBhahali, waqubuda Semites yasentshona. Xa nenqwaba Baalshamin yaba umkhosi wezulu, waza wayalela iinkqwithela kunye nemvula, sibonga ngalo yoma yi ingqatsini yelanga bomhlaba baba echumayo. Igama Baalshamin zetempile eziguqulelwe kwi ngesiAram lithetha "UThixo wamazulu '

Baalshamin ingqalelo lwalo Ephakamileyo uThixo Bela. Ngoko ke, xa kuthelekiswa kwindlu yokugqibela, yaba ezincinane kakhulu yena wagcinwa kude kumhlathi embindini wendlela. Nangona lo mahluko encinane, bobabini iitempile zakhiwa kule isimbo enye antique, agqibileyo waba yokuhombisa waseSiriya yesizwe nozuko koothixo zaseFenike.

Yonke into ngaphandle kwesakhiwo waba uyilo engqongqo, wema phandle kuphela olungaphambili engundoqo kunye enzonzobila nesezindlu-columned ezintandathu kunye portal ukuba linembali uhombiso. Pilasters zophondo iindonga icala etempileni. Nangona ubukhulu ayo, itempile umbono omhle. Ngaphambi kokungena kwisakhiwo kokuba ibekwe phantsi yamandulo ngakumbi ngokuzakhela isibingelelo apho umntu ukufunda mibhalo okunikezela. Zabhalelwa isiAramiki kunye nelesiGrike.

Xa AD ngenkulungwane V, emva kokuba ukusasazeka ikuyo ubuKristu zombini iitempile baba iicawa zamaKristu.

Temple of baalshamin - engcwele umlawuli isibhakabhaka

Baalshamin wayenguthixo yaseFenike, ngubani phikisa ukubaluleka kwabo Bela. Njengoko kwakunye uBhele, idala triad wakhe, ebabela itempile koothixo kunye Aglibol Malakbel, lasebenzisa ne-Greek kuZeyus. Uchazwa ngokuba inkosi zezulu, yaye baboniswa ngendlela okhozi olukhulu, ogama amaphiko wolula ilanga, inyanga kunye inkwenkwezi. abalinganiswa bakhe imibane nendlebe.

Baalshamin lalisiba ziyanqulwa Palmyra, ivela kuye kuphela, njengoko abahlali isixeko kwakuxhomekeke ukuba imvula yingenelo ziya kugqitha phezu mmandla entlango. Ke amanzi apha, njengokuba nisazi - kuphelele apho.

kwekhulu xxi: kokufa iitempile yamandulo Palmyra

Agasti 23, 2015 namabutho zombutho abanqolobi "Islamic State of Iraq kunye Levant" (LIH) watshabalalisa indlu baalshamin - isakhiwo, ulwakhiwo leyo imihla ukususela kunyaka-17 AD. Ngokutsho Maamuna Abdoulkarim, intloko umAram karhulumente Department of Antiquities, abagrogrisi nazizalisa isixa esikhulu neziqhushumbisi etempileni, waza bavuthela phezulu, ebangela umonakalo noqhekeko ndulo zabalinganiswa Palmyra.

Ngenxa yezenzo okungenaluzsini ingxenye engaphakathi yetempile satshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ntsika ngaphandle enokuchatshazelwa kakhulu. Ividiyo photo itempile baalshamin, ufekethe yatshatyalaliswa abagrogrisi ningazi kwabangela ubhavumo lonke uluntu kwihlabathi bakhanyiselwa.

Agasti 30, 2015 namabutho bavuthela up endlwini uBhele, batshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo engundoqo indima yawo.

yobuciko Thandeka bokwakha bamandulo wema phantse 2 eminyaka elangeni kushushu kuMbindi Mpuma, zitshatyalalisiwe ngemizuzu.

Ngo March 2017 Palmyra wakhululwa LIH abanqolobi. abasemagunyeni umAram wahlela ukubuyiselwa ezikhumbuzo batshabalalisa kunye indlu baalshamin, uze ugqibezele nokubuyiselwa endlwini Bel. On zabo indalo ngokutsha luya kuthatha ixesha elininzi kunye nemali, kwaye kunokwenzeka kuphela nje kwamashumi ezimbalwa kamva, sinako ukubona obukhulu ezinkulu zakhiwo yamandulo kwakhona.