The British yoMbuso kwixesha lobunzima, kwaye wokuqala (1583 - 1783)

Empire lokuqala British - isihloko, nokukhusela inkulu ubukhosi yobukoloniyali 1583 - 1783 sexesha. imbali yayo kwi "Golden Age" of Queen Elizabeth I. ibango lakhe America, eNgilani wathi ngakumbi kule wesithathu yokugqibela yenkulungwane XV emva kokufunyanwa Newfoundland, kodwa kwadlula phantse ekhulwini imini xa isiqithi kunxweme olusempuma Intshona Melika iye yathi kweli thanga IsiNgesi yokuqala. Esi siganeko sibalulekileyo kwenzeka ngo-1583 kwaye ekuqaleni lokusekwa bukhosi.

Spain, ngokutsho ixesha zembali kwamandla inkulu colonial, waphazamisana izilangazelelo British Crown kwi ekuthatheni imimandla emitsha. Emva kokoyiswa i "Pirates Elizabeth" "armada mkhulu udumileyo" Spanish (1588), oyimbangi engundoqo elwandle ayisekho angqamane British ekuphumezeni izicwangciso loloyiso. Emva kokugqitywa kwesiVumelwano London (1604), laphela kwemfazwe yaseSpain, eNgilani waqala ukudala amathanga yayo aphesheya. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII kwakukho zokuhlala ezincinane eWest Indies nakumNtla Melika, kwaye ziye zadalwa ziinkampani zabucala urhwebo kunye Asia.

Jamestown, ehamba ubala imbali yayo ukususela 1607, yaba yokuqala ekwahlala IsiNgesi e North America. Emva kwexesha elithile, uBukhosi baseBritani yandisa imida yayo ngeendleko thanga eyenziwe ntsha ka Plymouth, Virginia, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Carolina.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVII, amaBritane bakwazi ukumisela ulawulo kwiphondo New Amsterdam, ngaphambili ephethwe yi-Holland. Kamva igama New York. Ngowe-1681 kwimephu nakuMntla Melika, kwakukho ithanga Zikhethele. amathanga British kweli lizwekazi, kwatsala basemzini IsiNgesi, nginginya imozulu epholileyo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iindawo ezinkulu ofanelekileyo umhlaba wezolimo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kude kube kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVIII amazwe waseBritani kubangelwe seluxolweni. UMbuso baseBritani kakuhle iindawo enabemi apho wonke ukulungisa isithuba ngokulungiselela ubomi bakhe.

Empire lokuqala baseBritani ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho mbono yayisekelwe ebukhobokeni. De 1807, xa urhwebo ngamakhoboka wabhangiswa, iBritani abathuthwayo ukuya eMelika, izigidi 3.5 amakhoboka Afrika. Abaphandi bathi ukuba ngexesha izithuthi ngaphesheya Atlantic wayesifa namakhoboka onke ezisixhenxe. Le nto iye kwaye uhlala iphepha lihlazo kwimbali kwamathanga.

Kwinkulungwane XVII kunye ekusekweni yabathengisi London ye-East India Company waqalisa kwii-zamaNgesi in India. Ngo-1640 i mveliso IsiNgesi zasekwa ngo-India, South-East Asia kunye East Far. I-East India Company ngo-1690 waqala ukwakha yaseCalcutta, yaye emva kweshumi leminyaka, phantse zonke oweeneem Indiya yaba phantsi kolawulo lwayo.

UMbuso British uye waba nengxaki yokuqala, xa ngexesha leMfazwe of Independence, ilahlekile ngamathanga ezilishumi e North America. Noko ke, ukuqatshelwa ukuzimela waseUnited States ayifile namabhongo asebukhosini yaseBritani. ubukho British womelela eKhanada, kunye nentwana kamva Australia nase-New Zealand. Emva koko kulandele ilixa kolo loyiso ezintsha kunye nokwandiswa nyama- imimandla ngokuxhomekeke UK, kwaye ngexesha elinye kwakukho ukwanda intshukumo anti-koloniyalizim. Kokuwa uBukhosi baseBritani waba enokuxelwa kwangaphambili, yaye emva ezimbini iimfazwe zehlabathi yokuqala isiqingatha lwekhulu XX yaba bakwazi accompli.