Karl Benz: biography kunye namanqaku anika umdla. Yayiyintoni imoto yokuqala ehlabathini?

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19, umbuzo yintoni eza kuba imoto yokuqala sele wagqiba. Kuphela ezazingekacaci nguye oya kuba yokuqala wokusungula. izinto ezininzi ukusebenza kweli cala. Abanye babo ikwazile ukufumana amalungelo awodwa omenzi iintlondi zabo kulo nyaka. Ngubani naka ngokomthetho umdali imoto? Kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku liza kuba malunga uKarl Benz.

Benz - a railwayman amafa

Umsunguli ugqatso kwakukho ngensimbi eziliqela njengelifa. Kwinkulungwane edluleyo, lo msebenzi ifuna nje ukudala iimveliso yentsimbi, kodwa ukwazi ukuba kuyilwe kubo, oko kukuthi ukuba zombini ingcibi kunye oomatshini, kwakunye iinjineli kunye noochwephetsha.

Karl Benz wayengunyana ka-kwenye yezi ngensimbi. Makubulelwe kuphuhliso umzila kaloliwe kumazwe German uJohann Georg Benz waba njengomqhubi kaloliwe. Noko ke, kungekudala kwakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe. iinyanga ezine phambi kokuzalwa uCharles, uyise wambona ngamandla abandayo ndlwana kunye neefestile ezivuliweyo, ngenxa yoko wabulawa yinyumoniya. Imfundo ye abaqambi elizayo awaphatha ngayo umama waye abakwamanye amazwe French.

Iiklasi yokuqala

Emva kweso siganeko kunye nonina noyise ukungonwabi andizange ndikwazi ukuba unyana wakhe ekuphela, uKarl Bents, enxulumene ubomi bakhe zikaloliwe. Wabona ukuba igosa likarhulumente. Kodwa lo mfana wanamathela buciko. Ngoko, kwi Lyceum wayenomdla nasekufundweni zemvelo chemistry, ngokufuthi besingazilazilanga emva iklasi ukuba asebenze ngaphandle e-lab yesikolo.

BABALWA NDLANYA kuye kwakhokelela umsebenzi ukufota, wamnika ithuba lokufumana umvuzo yokuqala efunekayo intsapho yakhe. ukulungisa iwotshi elinye nomsebenzi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, unina wamvumela ukuba kuxhotyiswe istudiyo elisezantsi kophahla.

Uqeqesho technical

Zonke zokuzonwabisa nyana waqiniseka umama wakhe ukuba isikhundla sokuba igosa - hayi umsebenzi kakuhle kuye. Xa imvume yakhe uKarl Bents wangena Ecole Polytechnique. Xa isikolo iziko zobunjineli yezenzululwazi eJamani. kwakukho ukusebenza ekufumaneni injini entsha. Wayemelwe ukuba abe enye ukuya injini.

Zonke izimvo ezithe enxulumene kunye nokudalwa injini enamandla compact, wangenwa kunye uKarl Benz.

Qala ishishini lakho

Emva kokuphumelela Ecole Polytechnique, apho ngelo xesha ababeyiqwebile iwonga University, uvulindlela tywa phezu Imitshini Plant. Ngelo xesha oko kwakucingwa ukuba umyili kufuneka sisebenze kuqala njengoko oomatshini ukuba "ucimayo".

UKarl Benz, engobomi ogama kuthathwa, waya kusebenza iiyure ezilishumi evenkileni mnyama. Emva kweminyaka emibini ukugqiba umsebenzi akuba, ndizuze onamava, wayeka. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva UCharles a draftsman, umyili kwishishini lobunjineli. Ngeli xesha ke waqokelela imali ishishini labo. Benz Ndiphuphe iphupha ukwenza esingazihambeliyo buyo.

A utshintsho olukhulu ebomini bakhe ukufa unina kunye nolwazi Bertha Ukukhala oselula. Yena waba kwintsapho osisityebi womchweli, yaba nefuthe elihle lokuvula ishishini labo.

studio lakhe injineli wadala ngentsebenziswano ne A. Ritter e Mannheim. Iphupha yokudala imoto yakhe zange ashiye Benz okomzuzwana, kodwa inkxalabo kuba kakuhle yemali intsapho, wakhula, kufuneka ukunciphisa mali kuphuhliso zobunjineli.

Impumelelo kuqala

Ngenxa impumelelo amashishini abo Benz esichengeni yaye wazifumana nemeko enzima ngokwezimali. Xa phantse umnakekeli ishishini labo phantsi. Ukuze ukusombulula zonke iingxaki kuyimfuneko ukuba udale into enentsingiselo. Couple yemveliso kubonakala fyabo, injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi.

Noko ke, le mbono kukade icangcisiwe, emoyeni, kwaye iingqondo lweenjineli ezininzi kunye nabasunguli, ngoko akukho nto isimanga yokuba N. Otto enelungelo injini ngaphambili. Noko ke, wafika injini-stroke ezine, ngoko umfazi wakhe wathumela imikhosi ukwenza i injini ngesibetho-mbini. Benz iimoto ze elizayo kwafuneka enze kwi igesi amafutha.

Bekukho lokwazisa imoto kuNyaka oMtsha nguEva of the ephumayo 1878. imveliso Uthotho yaqala emva kweminyaka emithathu isityalo Mannheim. Kule ngcungela lweshishini waba abambalwa kakhulu amalungelo abo, ngoko wemka waza kuqalwe ekuqaleni kunye namanye amaqabane. Kodwa abatyali ezintsha Musa ukungxama ukutyala ekudalweni imoto.

Ngelo xesha linye i-patent yaye yatshitshiswa uNikolaus Otto, kunye nabavelisi zimvo, ekwakukho phakathi kwabo a Benz, wasondela awabo amashishini ekudalweni injini-inxeba ezine, yenzelwe isicelo ngomatshini.

Ukufuna abathengi

Ngu lowe-1886, oko wadalwa kwaye yavavanyelwa esidlangalaleni emotweni, umdali kwawo uKarl Benz. I-patent usayinwe iinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba isiganeko waza wafumana inani 37435. Le isithuthi isebenza ngomxube emoyeni zepetroli umphunga. Le moto ngokwayo ihamba ngamavili ezintathu, kuba leyo ingxaki ukujikeleza yolunye sele usonjululwe.

Nangona fyabo ngempumelelo ukusuka kwindawo yezobugcisa imbono kunye nohlaziyo esihle kumajelo eendaba, isigadla kunye injini yayingeyonto yempumelelo kwezo amaJamani endilisekileyo. Abaqambi kwafuneka ukuba sibhengeze inzala yabo kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo, kuquka eMunich Paris.

Kunye uzama ukumisela yokuthengisa uKarl waqhubeka ukuphucuka yakhe imoto. Emva kweminyaka emithandathu 'motorvagen "yayiquka amavili amane, oko kwancedwa transmission kwisigaba-mbini. Kwakukho iindlela ezintsha kraca Benz. Sales wakhula ngenxa ingakumbi ku France. cars kamva le nkampani kakuhle kwimarike eYurophu, eRashiya, South America.

Ngenkulungwane yama-20 imbali imoto zange ayeke, waqalisa ukuba bafumane ithuba ngakumbi kakhulu, zandiswa ishishini Benz.

Ngumsunguli wafa eneminyaka engama-84, bedlula oonyana bakhe ishishini, ngubani walungelelanisa ubudala amathandathu e Ladenburg.

iimpawu zobugcisa isithuthi yokuqala

iinjineli German ukudala emotweni yabo ngasese, kuba imbambano patents akhethekileyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili:

• ubunzima iyonke - 263 kg;
• -Stroke ezine injini ngokobunzima - 96 kg;
• amanzi iphela injini;
• Khetha cylinder mnye, iklatshi, cala kwaye phambili drive ekudluliseni;
• amavili ezintathu;
• band waqhekeza;
• drive chain.

Uhambo odumileyo Berty Bents noonyana

umfazi abaqambi waba indima ebalulekileyo ebomini bakhe. Waziphilisa umyeni wakhe kwinzame zakhe zombini ngokwemiqathango eziphathekayo (iimvavanyo imali ekujonganeni iinjini kunye wamnikela Bertha njengekhazi lazo phambi komtshato), kunye yokuziphatha. Kukho kwakhona imbali (Benz imoto) malunga nendlela umfazi noonyana bakhe baya kubona uluhlu phantse 110 km.

Kwathi ngo-Agasti 1888. Indlela lisuka Mannheim ukuya Pfrotsgeym, apho yena engunina Bertha. kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, kweza kuye umfazi enehlala umntwana imoto enye emva ekhaya.

Ngexesha lohambo, kwakukho abathile ubunzima apho iqabane kunye nabantwana baya kuba nako ukumelana ngokwabo:

• isakhiwo kunye ukunyuka ukoyiswa njalo - omnye nyana yafika ngasemva kweevili ezijikelezayo, nonina wayengunyana wesibini ayegqatse imoto ukusuka ngasemva;
• i ingxa- yesikhumba drive ibhanti nezingerhwexu kufuphi umkhandi lendawo Bruchsal;
• indima yokwambathisa uhlatywe ngenxa electric drive wenza ngekawusi garter;
• a jam zendlela ityhubhu kunye amafutha ayiphumelelanga ukucima ipini elula.

Le hambo iphulo lokwazisa kakhulu, njengoko Bakhoba loluntu sokuthandabuza ukuba nkqu abafazi kunye nabantwana phantsi amandla ukuqhuba, ngokususa imfuno yokuba umntwana xa breakage. Kwakhona, uhambo iye neentsilelo kumsebenzi imoto uze uzilungise.

UBerta Bents yaziwa njengokuba umfazi wokuqala ishishini ezintendeni. Wafumana ilungelo ukuqhuba isithuthi kulo nyaka.