Thorax

I-thorax inxalenye yezinto zokuphefumula zangaphandle. Yenza isiseko, imoto, umsebenzi wokukhusela.

Thorax. Ulwakhiwo

Lo mmandla umele isakhiwo esinesifo se-bone-cartilaginous skeleton. Kukho ukudlula imithwalo ye-lymphatic kunye negazi, imizimba ehambelanayo yamathambo, ezinye iishubhu ezinotsholongwane, iimbilini ze- nerve .

I-bone-cartilaginous squelet consists of vertebrae ezilitshumi elinambini, iintambo ezilishumi elinesibhozo kunye ne-sternum. Ziye zichazwe phakathi kwazo ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo.

Kwiqonga lesakhiwo ngaba ngamalungu angaphakathi: imiphunga, iphepheni yokuphefumula, intliziyo, intliziyo kunye nabanye.

I-thorax imelelwe ngendlela yesigxina esingavunyelwanga, esinqunywe i-pepe. Ichaza iindonga ezine. Elinye linye lenziwa ngama-cartilages axabisekileyo kunye ne-sternum, i-posterior ngamacangci angaphantsi kwembambo kunye ne-vertibrae ye-thoracic. Iindonga zesebe (lateral) zenziwe ngamabhokhwe, ahlukeneyo ngamagumbi e-intercostal (iindawo ze-intercostal).

I-thorax ine-top-opening (orifice) eboshwe yi- vertebra yokuqala ye-thoracic, ekupheleni kwe-sternum nge-notch jugular kuyo kunye nemigangatho yangaphakathi yezimbambo zokuqala. Umngxuma uphazamiseka kwangaphambili. Umngcipheko ophezulu wokukhupha uyancipha phantsi ukuya kwicala leendawo. Ngaloo ndlela, inotshi ye-jugular kwi-sternum iphakathi kwe-vertibrae yesibini kunye yesithathu kwinqanaba le-disc intervertebral.

Ngaphandle kokuvula iipasiti zegazi, i- esophagus, i- nerve fibers, i- trachea.

Ukuvulwa okuphantsi kunqunywe ngumzimba we-vertibra yeshumi elinesibini emva kwentsholongwane, inkqubo ye-sternum xiphoid ngaphambili kunye nezimbambo ezisezantsi. Ubungakanani bayo bunkulu kunokuba bubungakanani bendawo ephezulu.

Ukudibanisa kweyesixhenxe ukuya kweyesibini yeembambo zenza i-marginal anterolateral (i-arch yexabiso). Iingqameko ezisezantsi kunye nekhohlo ezixabisekileyo ezivela kumacala zikhawulela i-angle encirbid evulekile ukuya ngasezantsi. Kwiphepha layo, elisezantsi kwinqanaba le-nine le-thora, i- xiphoid inkqubo.

Ingqungquthela evulelekileyo ukuvula isigcawu, i-aorta, i-vein engezansi, ivala umgca ophantsi.

Ukusuka kwi -vertebrae ye - thoracic emacaleni ngamanqamzana e-pulmonary. Kuzo, imimandla engaphaya kwemiphunga iyahambisana neendonga zesifuba.

Iintlanzi eziphantsi kweendleko zenza i-elasticity kunye namandla amakhulu kwisakhiwo sonke.

I-thorax ingaba nomlo ohlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu.

Ukuhamba kwesakhiwo sonke kuhambelana nemigudu yokukhulelwa nokuphefumlelwa (ukunyakaza kokuphefumula). Ngenxa yokuba iingcamango zangaphambili zeembambo zixhunyiwe kwi-breastbone, ukuphefumlelwa kuhambelana nokuhamba kwe-sternum kunye nezimbambo. Ukunyuka kwabo kubangela ukwanda kwe-anteroposterior (sagittal) kunye nobukhulu beeselfowuni ezitshintshayo, ukwandiswa kwezikhala ze-intercostal (iindawo ze-intercostal). Zonke ezi zinto zichaza ukunyuka kwendima yesigxina.

Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kuhamba kunye nokuhla kwe-sternum kunye neziphelo zeembambo, ukwehla okukhulu kwi-anteroposterior size, ukunciphisa izikhala ze-intercostal. Konke oku kukukhokelela ekunciphiseni komthamo wesigxina.

Ukuguqulwa kwesifuba

Oku kuqhelekileyo kubantwana. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zimbini iintlobo zeengxaki: izibilini ezinjengomngcwabo kunye neenkukhu zenkukhu.

Kwimeko yokuqala, le mqathango ivela ngenxa yokucima okungapheliyo kwe-sternum. Inyosi yenkukhu - yilapho isifuba siphume khona. Kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba olu hlobo lolungiso lungaqhelekanga lubonakaliswe ngokwenza.

Ama-anomali yesakhiwo, okwenene, ayichaphazela impilo yomntwana. Ngomfuba ovuthayo udla ngokukhula kwe-emphysema (isifo esingapheliyo samaphaphu, esibonakaliswe ngophule ngokuphefumla).

Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, kwiimeko ezininzi, ngale ndlela yokuchithwa, uncedo olungxamisekileyo luyafuneka.