Turgenev, "Umsi": isishwankathelo. "Yokutshaya" Turgenev: abalinganiswa abaphambili yenoveli, itulo

Abafundi baqonde intsingiselo imveliso kumncede isishwankathelo yakhe. "Umsi" Turgenev - le yenye imisebenzi ezinkulu hayi kuphela imisebenzi umbhali, kodwa-asethi iincwadi Russian ngokubanzi. Le noveli umdla ngobugcisa nje kuphela, kodwa kwingongoma kwezentlalo nezopolitiko lwembono, kuba loo nto ibonisa ingxaki etsolo kunye nemiba awayemkhathaza wambumba yinxalenye yoluntu Russian kwexesha yotshintsho le the 1860s.

Le mbono kunye nokupapashwa kwinoveli

Omnye wababhali abaziwayo Russian yi I. S. Turgenev. "Umsi" (imbali yenoveli ivumela bayiqonda kakuhle injongo yombhali) - le ncwadi, apho Ivan Sergeyevich wavakalisa kakhulu ngokupheleleyo iimbono zabo ngexesha lwanamhlanje. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukuyilwa Kwisicatshulwa umbhali wathabatha iinyanga ezintandathu kuphela, kodwa ukubhalwa ngqangi lihanjiswa kwiminyaka emibini: 1865-1867. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa kukuba ngeli xesha umbhali akazange ngamaxhesha aphambili, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Uluvo oluphambili kwinoveli utyhila kwisishwankathelo. "Umsi" Turgenev - isincoko malunga kukukhangela le hero kunye nemiba ezingxamisekileyo kubomi embindini kwinkulungwane.

nemibono ababephila

Le noveli yapapashwa ngo-1867 yaze yabangela amarhe ziphikisana: uninzi abagxeki bevumelana yokuba imveliso akukho iyanetha ibali eliqaqambileyo oko ogquba imisebenzi umbhali egqithileyo. Noko ke, kwakukho abo bamdumisa indalo entsha umbhali odumileyo, echaza ukuba kuwo waba nako nje kuphela ukudlulisela kwingcingane entsonkothileyo yabalinganiswa, kodwa kubonisa imeko sengqiqweni apho inyathelo iphuhlisa, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba isishwankathelo. "Umsi" Turgenev - inoveli malunga enye maxesha anzima kwimbali post-hlengiso Russia.

Ngexesha ubhala umbhali ingene ubambene nabameli intshukumo populist, bemkhanyela kubo kwinqanaba Ngenxa yokwanda kwendima ebalulekileyo zoluntu yamahlwempu imvuselelo elizayo eRashiya. Umbhali babekholelwa ukuba lo msebenzi kufuneka bathathe izikhulu bakhanyiselwa. Ezi zibakala zingentla ziye ngayo lokubhalwa umsebenzi, nto leyo yalibaziseka.

entry

Ngenkcazelo ezincinane iziganeko ubeka ukuqala isishwankathelo. "Umsi" Turgenev yahlukile ukusuka imisebenzi zangaphambili umbhali ukuba akukho isenzo lwenzeka kweli lizwe lethu nakwamanye amazwe - Resort eJamani, apho ngelo abameli xesha wahlanganisa yezikhulu kunye nezazi. Kwizahluko zokuqala umfundi eqhelene inkampani, leyo ukhonza imvelaphi eliqaqambileyo kwaye inemibalabala ngenxa yothando wenzala kunye nendawo apho zivuthwe nokuphuhlisa mpikiswano kwezentlalo nezopolitiko ngekamva Russia.

Umbhali ngokunzulu kakhulu kwaye satirically libonisa aba bantu, ucinga ukuba phantse namnye kubo uyakwazi ukucinga kakuhle kwaye ukugweba inguqu kunye imeko ngaphakathi lizwe. Kungenxa yoku ime phandle umlinganiswa oyindoda eziphambili Litvinov - umfana ongenayo ukwabelana holidaymakers zochuku. Wafumana imfundo elungileyo, uza ukutshata iiprojekthi bakhe amafa inguqu nentombi kunye nokwakha.

inkcazelo umphakathi

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich kulandelwa abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe ingqalelo imeko yentlalo yezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19 kwi-mpikiswano malunga koongqondo indlela enohamba ngayo Russia emva inguqu enkulu Alexander II, leyo ngokupheleleyo zatshintsha kuphela umfanekiso yentlalo-qoqosho, ezopolitiko, kodwa lwezenkcubeko kweli lizwe. Yiloo nto kukho intetho kwintlanganiso Baden basekuhlaleni baye abanye Gubarev. Litvinov ufumana sinomsindo Elucweyweni abantu ezikhundla ahlukeneyo kunye neklasi, elichazwa ngumbhali ethethela ukubhuqa kakhulu. Ukugweba kwinkcazelo yakhe, Turgenev uIvan wayekholelwa olu hlobo ngxoxo, yinkcitha xesha. Litvinov kwabangela iingxoxo zobuxoki angqwabalala kunye eziliqela langoku. Kuphela umntu ezitsala uTshawe ingqondo yakhe, - i Potugin umcebisi enkundleni. Kuphela naye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi Litvinov ukufumana ulwimi olufanayo. Kukho imbono yokuba umlomo hero omtsha umbhali wavakalisa isikhundla sakhe ngokunxulumene ingxaki ngokucinezelwa ngexesha lakhe.

umfanekiso Potugin

Kuyimfuneko ukubacacisela iimpawu umlinganiswa, njengoko indima yayo enkulu, ukuba ayikho sebali, ngengqiqo ezizinzululwazi kwinoveli. Emva kokuba ukuvezwa hayi nje kwingcingane amaqhawe, kodwa ingcinga kwezentlalo nezopolitiko ixesha ezinikelwe "yokutshaya" Turgenev. Yintoni le mveliso? Okubangel 'umdla ngenxa yokuba ngokulungelelanisiweyo sase amava nangokweemvakalelo abalinganiswa kunye nenkcazelo yoluntu Russian enkulungwane phakathi. Potugin - yinto umlinganiswa ukuze kucutheke ngcinga amaxabiso Koloni.

Ukholelwa ukuba asimele agxeke amaxabiso Western, ngokunjalo ukuba ukuthembela ngokungafanelekanga kwi ekuthiwa ukuvuka abantu, ngenxa yokuba, ngokwembono yakhe, bekusoloko ibisoloko ithatha inxaxheba ephambili yembali Russian. Lo mlinganiswa ukholelwa ukuba akukho mfuneko ukubathoba okanye inkcubeko Western, okanye ukubaxa ukohluka kwabantu Russian.

tie

Ophambili of "Umsi" Turgenev ekuqaleni imveliso kuvela indoda ideology yaye ubomi elungileyo. Noko ke, ukuba balandele umfundi kunye naye, umbhali wenza i uhambo ukuya kwixesha elidlulileyo, ebalisa uthando lwakhe bengonwabanga yaye ndidimazekile. Irina intombi wamshiya ibutho akrelekrele yeengcungcu, ukuthatha indawo isalamane osisityebi, watshata kuzoku waba socialite ngokwenene. Litvinov wakhathazeka kakhulu, kodwa wafumana amandla ukuze asinde mothuko kakhulu, yaye ekugqibeleni ndathandana intombazana entle Tatiana, apho wayeza ukutshata. Kodwa ke, njengoko kuvela kamva, uthando endala akafanga, yaye xa intlanganiso ithuba e Baden kunye Irina Litvinova uyajika kwakhona.

izenzo zophuhliso

Ngokwenjenje master uhlalutyo psychological Turgueneff kuthathwa njengezisemthethweni. "Umsi" (kwinoveli lunikezelwa uthando line, nto leyo bamise malunga nemvelaphi inkcazo ubomi boluntu nezazi Russian) - umsebenzi apho imbali ubudlelwane phakathi abalinganiswa edibene iimpawu eluntwini apho bahlala kwaye zisebenze. Irina, nangona yaba linenekazi akrelekrele yehlabathi, kwaye babengaqhelananga kwiindibano medium apho itulo.

Yaba uhlobo lwenkululeko-onothando, Yomelela, ngesibindi yaye uyakuthanda, kwaye nezinga nobukrelekrele wema intloko namagxa ngaphezu kwabo bonke abameli ngokwemimiselo yayo. Xa Litvinov, ngoko nangoko Irina wayebanceda kuye abe onyanisekileyo kwaye oyintanda emntwini wakhe. I inoveli "Umsi" na swiftness ezahlukeneyo iziganeko. Ngaba ngokoqobo emva kweentlanganiso eziliqela iimvakalelo ezindala abalinganiswa imfazwe kwakhona, kangangokuba bade Litvinov wagqiba ekubeni ayeke ukuba uthethathethwano kunye Tatiana.

gap

Lo mlinganiswa usisimntwiso kunye incarnation imifanekiso konke okusemandleni ukuba umbhali ndabona umfazi. Tatiana na onengqondo, ezibekile, nobubele, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ubuntununtunu ezahlukeneyo ngokomoya engaqhelekanga. Kwintlanganiso nesoka lakhe, wayeziva utshintsho kwakhe kudala ngaphambi kokuba nobuganga avume ngenxa yokungathembeki kwakhe. Emva kwincoko emfutshane intombazana phantse yonke into kwakungomnye kwaye oku Litvinov ngxi. Xa umboniso echaza inzuzo ukuqina yokuziphatha uhlala ne Tatiana. Wayehlala uzolile kwaye enesidima, Ninganeli nesoka bakhe bangaphambili nayiphi na imifanekiso ngesidima wathabatha ukunishiya kwakhe uthethathethwano lula. Roman Turgeneva "Umsi", uhlalutyo ekufuneka iqulathe inkcazelo emfutshane lomlinganiswa, igxininisa ubuhle yokomoya intombazana, ukubandezeleka wahlukunyezwa emva kokuba bohlukene, kodwa wafumana amandla aphile.

yintaba

Lo mzuzu kakhulu langoku kweli bali - oko ke incazelo efanele phakathi Litvinov ne Irina. Zombini uthathe isigqibo lithemba ukubaleka kunye kude kwihlabathi abaxakekileyo ukuqala ubomi obutsha. Noko ke, kule ncoko ndaziva lithemba ezithile imizwa yabo: Irina nako ngoko nangoko isigqibo ngeli nyathelo, kwaye Litvinov ngokwakhe uyoba ngokupheleleyo, ukuba benze njani moya nendlela ukuhlala naye ngasese. Noko ke, kwenziwa isigqibo, yaye abathandi okuso nozalisekiso lwalo.

Kodwa ekugqibeleni mzuzu, eyona izigqibo Irina wala ukubaleka, ukuthumela Litvinov inqaku echaza ukuba akanako ukumshiya ukukhanya, nangona intiyo ngaye. Noko ke, yena wathi wayengafuni ukuba ahlukane nayo, waza wacela ukuba sigcine ubuhlobo babo kwifomu apho ukuba kude kube ngoku.

umphumela

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuqonda yohlobo abalinganiswa na inkcazo, elo wabelithiyiwe a hero Potugin ngolwalamano lwabo Irina. Wathi yena ngokwakhe engaqhelekanga uthando nalo mfazi, kodwa ukuba olu thando umzisele ukubandezeleka enye kuphela nentlungu. Wachaza iimvakalelo yakhe inkanuko emnyama kunye Litvinov bayacetyiswa ukuba ukunikela ingqalelo kwi Tatiana, ngubani na intliziyo yegolide kunye onesidima. Ophambili, Noko ke, Kwaba alitshabalalise emva zahlukane umtshakazi kunye nokungaphumeleli Irene. Uve abakufanele yowokuqala, nihambe nolwalamano eyimfihlo yesibini nje nako. Yokubandezeleka lithemba, waya eRashiya, engazi ukuba uya kuphila ngayo, kwaye akukho elide wayethembe ukuba ngandlel 'bavuselele ukuphila kwabo.

isiphelo

I inoveli "Umsi", le yokugqibela ebangela uTshawe ukuya Tatiana, Uxolela nesoka lakhe ongathembekanga, emva kokuba ezinye iingcaciso ukuya itayitile yencwadi. Xa echaza kokubuya uTshawe eRashiya izandi ingcamango yokuba uthando lwakhe, iingxabano engaphele ndawo, umzabalazo izimvo, iingcinga ingamampunge, bonke abo iingxoxo ezingapheliyo malunga bayahlelwa Russia - kuphela isanga ukuba dissipated njengomsi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwaye isiqinisekiso ebonakalayo le mbono, umbhali uye wangena imeko apho hero ubona nabani inn kunye impikiswano enjalo malunga bayahlelwa lizwe. Ngoku waziswa amehlo akhe sisikhanyiso esibi, bebangisana ngawo amahashe kunye nokuzila ukudla. Xa impahla yakhe ngandlel 'eqala ukuba usebenzise uqoqosho. Ngoku Litvinov akakheki kweeprojekthi brilliant ukuguqula nokwenza ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile. Wade laphumelela kancinci yaye wahlawula amatyala kayise. Emva kwexesha elithile, uTshawe ufumanisa ukuba Tatiana ohlala kufutshane yaye isikolo abalimi. Litvinov wabhala ileta kwimpendulo, wamcela ukuba ekhayeni lakhe, apho bathabatha uxolelwaniso zabo.

abafundi

A ongumyeni yomfanekiso lwembongi ubomi Russian kwaba Turgenev. "Umsi", nto leyo kwakhona lonke ezihle kakhulu, uyakuvuyela waqhubeka ngokuthandwa phakathi kuluntu ukufunda. Amalungu waphawula njengoko okulungileyo isakhiwo sebali umdla, abalinganiswa ezimibalabala, umfanekiso yenene zehlabathi embilwini kwamagorha. Abanye babo Wabonisa ukuba ingakumbi ngempumelelo abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo, ababhalisiweyo kwisakhono esithile. Abantu zithi kwimeko Irina kunye Tatiana umlinganiswa ophambili kukuba isuntswana sakuba kunye expressionless. Iqela abafundi bakholelwa ukuba umbhali waya ebaluleke kakhulu nenkcazelo zezwe, yaye akakubaxi elibi iimpawu zakhe, ukuba bahamba iimpawu ezintle Irene. Ulwimi kunye nokwakhiwa mbaliso, akukho bani uphakamisa umbuzo, bonke ngazwi linye bathi indlela zoncwadi ombhali kunye kanye umqondo yokuqala. Phantse bonke bathi, nakuba umsebenzi ayifundiswa esikolweni, kunjalo, kufuneka Kucetyiswa ukuba abafundi ekufundeni enyanzelekileyo njengomnye iinoveli ilungileyo zombhali. Le ncwadi ukuze kubonakale umdla hayi kuphela abathandi koncwadi, kodwa ngenxa mbali, kuba uboniswa ngokucacileyo kanye xesha post-hlengiso Russia.