Ubude standard leri

Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezisezidolophini namhlanje ukuze asindise isakhiwo kakhulu ekhaya nemigangatho amabini okanye amathathu. Xa kunjalo, kukho indawo yokugcina phantse yonke isakhiwo zabucala zokuhlala. Oku kuthetha ukuba phantse into olusisinyanzelo nayiphi na indlu lizwe ngezinyuko. Xa eyila isakhiwo onjalo kufuneka ichazwe kuquka parameters ezifana ukuphakama inyathelo. Kufuneka kwakhona ukubala ububanzi kwendyebo komjikelo, ubude zazo kunye nezinye indicators. Yenza iprojekthi ileli, qiniseka ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno isniphu kunye GOST.

Zeziphi kwizinyuko

izakhiwo emcela iindidi ezimbini zidla efakwe kwi zezindlu - kwizomelezi okanye iqhosha lemenyu oluqhelekileyo. Uhlobo lokuqala nayo ibe hybrid. Iintlobo izigaba, ngoko kukho kwakhona ezimbini - square elula (okanye semi-setyhula) kunye trapezoidal.

Kudla ngokuthi yonke into ukuze ezitepsini iqonga rotary endlwini sithuba saneleyo. Kulo mzekelo, indawo yayo amanyathelo zabezhnymi. Enyanisweni, leri ezinjalo sustainers utshintsho ukusuka kwelinye ukuya iqhosha lemenyu. ups yeentlobo zombini zisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni lwabo - nokuba trapezoidal, kunye uxande.

Ubukhulu standard

Standards GOST and isniphu emiselwe kakhulu nobubanzi ukuphakama ibakala eziphathekayo izinyuko izindlu multi-ezinemigangatho ezidolophini. Ilungu yokuqala migangatho kufuneka-30 cm. Le parameter ukuphakama leri, GOST umisela kumiselwe ingqalelo utyekelo engile kolo hambo. Ngenxa yoko, kweli nani leri ukufikelela umenzi imalunga 125-145 mm. Xa kwigumbi elingaphantsi ayanyuka kwaye yokugcina izakhiwo nokuphakamisa ukuphakama kufuneka 143 okanye 168 mm. Ububanzi manyathelo anjalo leri ukuba sehle ku-26 cm.

Kwindlu yabucala lo mgangatho ngokuchana uya kuyigcina, Kakade ke, yokuzikhethela. Kuba izakhiwo ezinjalo ububanzi ezithile kunye ukuphakama ngezinyuko GOST asichazi. Kukho kuphela uluhlu ezithile imilinganiselo, ngaphezu apho ayikhuthazwa. Nikelani ingqalelo xa ekuyileni ngezinyuko kumakhaya ipoma becala iimpawu kwizakhiwo sicwangciso.

izigaba design

Sikhwela izinyuko zinokudityaniswa kumtya okanye stringers. Yaye eneneni, yaye kwelinye icala kukho imingcelele bomelele yaye ixesha elide. Ngokwemo, amanyathelo luqulathe izinto ezimbini eziphambili:

• unyathele (isabelo tye);
• edlulisa (isabelo nkqo).

Ububanzi komjikelo leri, ngokungqinelana nemigaqo, kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-0.9 m. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kumakhaya zabucala eziqokelelwe izakhiwo kunye umgama ukusuka kaloliwe ukuya eludongeni malunga 1.2-1.5 m. Ubude kunye ukuphakama elihamba inyathelo akukho ndlela ganiso. Xa kubalwa okukunyusa parameters zithathelwa ingqalelo kwezinye izinto.

A ukwakhiwa elihamba phayiphu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha swi nga vula ku. Oku kugcina on eziphathekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle izinto ezinjalo imingcelele khangela eqinileyo kangako yaye sikhuselekile xa kuthelekiswa iimfama yesiqhelo.

amazinga

Xa eyila imfuneko ukuba balandele ngqo le migaqo ilandelayo kubonelelwa liSebe SNP Ixabiso lencopho :

• ububanzi enilinyatheleyo kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-20 cm;
• nqanaba liphezulu ukuze itulo emazantsi yi hayi ngaphezulu kwe-5 cm;
• ukuphakama inconco akufuneki babe ngaphaya umda 14-21 cm.

Screw Ukuyilwa kolwakhiwo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba:

• inxalenye kwaza ngamanyathelo kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-10 cm;
• ububanzi inyathelo trapezoidal kwelinye icala kufuneka ingabi ngaphezu kwe-40 cm;
• ecaleni axis usembindini kombisaka kufuneka ububanzi ubuncinane-20 cm.

yokubala ifomula

Bala ububanzi efunekayo (A) kunye ukuphakama inyathelo (S) of ileli olungumgubo 2 + A = 590 ... 650 mm. amanani aqala ku 590 ukuya kwezingama-600 mm - ubude linyathelo yabantu avareji. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke ubeko kwendlu, kuqala echazwa parameters ezifana ukuphakama stage. Okulandelayo abale inombolo oyifunayo iilifti, zezona ububanzi kunye engile ngokupheleleyo ukutyekela kolo hambo.

Umzekelo yokubala

Masithi umgama ukusuka komnye umgangatho ukuya eluphahleni gumbi 275 cm Xa eli nyathelo ukuphakama ofunekayo - .. 17 cm kulo mzekelo lilingana nenani iilifti 275/17 - 1 = 16.18 - 15.18 = 1. Elingqukuviweyo kwinani elikufutshane, sifumana degrees 15. Sifumana ukuphakama baphakamisa eyona 275/16 = 17.2 cm.

Ngoku ungachaza ububanzi kweqonga. A = 63 cm -. 2 * 17.2 cm = 28.6 cm, elirhangqiweyo-29 cm ngakumbi kufuneka ukuchaza ezayo gwantyi phantsi. Ukuze benze oku, ububanzi amanyathelo yande nje inani labo. Isiphumo kukuba kwinqanaba lokuqala kufuneka zishiyane ukusuka eludongeni 15 * 29 = 435 cm. Ukwazi phezulu kwaye nayiphi na kumiselwa ebaxiweyo yokuqala tgA = 275/435 = 0,6321, waza ke zithambekele isibiyeli A = 32 degrees kulo mzekelo imiz 18. Ayiyo ngaphaya iparameters eyamkelekileyo.

Yintoni ukufuna ukwazi

Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi izinyuko kuyilo endlwini phambi kokwenza utyando enjalo, njengoko kubekho nokuyifeza lokugqibela emgangathweni. Kulo mzekelo, ukuphakama parameter kufuneka kongezwe Ebubanzini nesigubungelo kumgangatho elizayo kunye ubushushu (ukuba kubonelelwe). Zonke izigaba komjikelo kufuneka ukuphakama efanayo. Kungenjalo, hambisa ileli iya kuba kugula kakhulu kwaye zingakhuselekanga.

Ukongeza amanani asezantsi kwaye eliphezulu, kukho kwakhona ukuphakama kangangoko inyathelo hambo. Le parameter ilingana 17 cm ububanzi elilelona ezakhayo. Elihamba element - 28 cm.

Ukuphakama amanyathelo izinto ezahlukeneyo imingcelele

Esicacisa Ipharamitha elihamba, kufuneka ucinge nenye into ebalulekileyo. Ukuphakama, ububanzi amanyathelo kungaxhomekeka kuquka ezikhethiweyo izinto lokwenza hambo. Ayisebenzi lo mthetho ubukhulu becala kuphela eziphathekayo kunye metal ngezinyuko.

Ububanzi standard of iibhodi aqingqiweyo, umzekelo, 150, 175 okanye 200 mm. Ngako oko, ukuphakama inyathelo kule meko iya kulingana ukuya kwenye yezi amaxabiso (thabatha ububanzi womthi). Enye indlela ukukhetha kule meko akunakwenzeka. Kungenjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba benze umsebenzi omninzi onzima ukunciphisa ububanzi iiplanga.

Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo okukunyusa lwezitepsi ngezitena. Inqanaba zokwakha kakhulu lula ukuqokelela kwimiqolo emibini. Kule izitena zokuqala wazibeka phezu kwesi ngqengqelo. Kumqolo wesibini zibekwe phezu lokukhwelisa. Ukuphakama isitena mgangatho 65 mm Ububanzi - 120 mm. Isiphumo nokonyuka 65 + 120 + 10 = 195 mm (5 mm - kwi ezivuzayo).

leri nkqo

Uyilo ezinjalo zinqabile, kodwa zisetyenziswa kumakhaya abantu. Ngokuqhelekileyo okanye izinyuko imbala, okanye ekhokelela zokugcina. Uluhlu avumelekile imigama phakathi iintambo kule meko 0.45-0.80 m Ukuphakama amanyathelo (inyathelo therebetween) kufuneka ukuba, ngaleyo ndlela kwe 0.30 m ne 0,34 m ngaphezu ubude ubuninzi nkqo leri addl - .. iimitha ezi-5.

Oku kufuneka nakanjani mayixhotyiswe ifowuni xa kuthintelwe oko echithayo kwaye eziguqukayo. Malunga kwiimfuno efanayo zenziwe leri.

Yintoni neminye imigangatho zikhona

Kakade ke, iikhowudi yokwakha ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuphela bangaphi ubude nyathelo kwaye ububanzi kufuneka ibe cm. Xa eyila izinyuko qiniseka ukuba ithathele ingqalelo neminye imithetho:

• wakunyelisa ukuphakama kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-90 cm;
• umgama phakathi balusters abakwazi ukwenza ngaphezulu kwe-15 cm;
• Iibhodi ubukhulu Ubuncinane lokunyathela - 2.5-3 cm.

Xa eyila a izindlu zabucala ngezinyuko rotary, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo nezalathisi ubude site indawo ngaphezu komgangatho ezifana. Ngokutsho kwimimiselo, le parameter ayinakuba ngaphantsi kwe-1.9 m, kodwa kungcono ukuba ummandla ophakathi imingcelele aphezulu -. 2.5 m ukusuka emgangathweni. Kungenjalo, edlula phantsi ematyeni okunyuka, abantu badla kwandisa ukuze betha nje.

Xa ezakhiwe ngomthi zonke izinto ephakamisa kufuneka zibambene iibholiti. Xa usebenzisa ngezikhonkwane self-uthinte somthamo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu imvume okanye nakuziphendulela. Inyathelo lokuqala uvumelekile ukuba enze kancinane ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. Xa hambo kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kwe-18 iilifti. Noko ke, loo leri elide enqwenelekayo ukujikajika. Ngaloo ndlela hambo ngalinye ungaba kuze degrees 9 (okanye, umzekelo, 5 no-13). Ubunzulu uYehu ezinyukweni kanye ezikhokelela nobubanzi echaziwe ucango kwigumbi. Eyokuqala i parameter kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu yesibini.