Nguwuphi amandla olinganisiweyo

Ngegama elithi "amandla okutyunjwa" esihlangene nayo yonke imihla. Ingaba sikhetha i- kettle kagesi okanye isibane se-incandescent - eli xabiso liboniswa yonke indawo. Iyunithi yokulinganisa iittts okanye i-kilowatts. Kuya kubonakala ngathi-yintoni eyayiba lula kulo mbandela? Emva kwakho konke, kunye nekhosi yesikolo ye-physics, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukuchonga amandla (P) kwanele ukwandisa ixabiso lekhoyo kunye nombane. Kodwa yintoni efihliweyo emva kwamagama "amandla okutyunjwa"?

Ngegama elithi "ukutyunjwa" lithetha intengo ethile yezinto ezingenakucingela izinto zangaphandle zokulungisa. Ngaloo ndlela, amandla alinganisiweyo yintengo echazwe ngumenzi, onokufunyanwa kuphela ngeerameters ezicwangcisiweyo. Lo mqondo jikelele. Kwimeko nganye ethile, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimpawu zabo ezithile. Makhe sinike umzekelo ngesibane saso. Kwi-glass flask yayo ibhalwe: 230 V, 100 W. Oko kukuthi, i-100 W iyakwazi ukuphunyezwa kuphela kwi-voltage ye-230 V. Amandla okutyunjwa - ezi zi-100 watts efanayo. Ixabiso layo liyehla ngeqondo lokunciphisa amandla kwaye landa ngokunyuka, ekubeni le parameters ixhomekeka ngokuthe ngqo kumnye (P = I * U).

Njengomthetho, kwiinkalo zombane ezininzi kunomda wokuthintela kumda ophezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo u-5-10%. Ngamanye amazwi, sebenzisa i-230 V + 23 V = 253 V evumelekileyo. Umda osezantsi ungabonakaliswa, njengokuba kunjalo nesibane. Izixhobo ezilukhuni ngakumbi zinqatshelwe ngamaparitha epasipoti kokubili ukusuka phezulu nangaphezulu.

Ngokomzekelo, njani ukuqonda igama elithi "amandla enjini elinganisiwe"? Kukho iinkcazo ezimbini ezilinganayo - enye ngokwemimandla yombane, kunye nomnye ngokusekelwe kumthwalo wokulinganisela umlinganiselo kwi-shaft. Nangona zidibene ngokuthe ngqo, okwesibini kulula ukuyiqonda. Siza kucatshulwa zombini. Isilinganisi samandla sisoloko siboniswe kwi-plate plate. Ilingana ngokulinganayo kweso sixhobo esivela kumnatha wombane kwisixhobo sokucwangciswa kwemishini, kwaye ukushisa kwe-hull kufuneka kube phakathi kwemida evumelekileyo (i-mode eqhubekayo yokusebenza ichazwa). Oko kukuthi, sinokucinga ukuba ixabiso lepaspoti lilingana nelona xabiso. Ukuba i-actuator isebenza kwindlela encinci yexesha (i-PV ayilingana ne-100%), ngoko le ncwadana ayizalisekanga, kuba ixesha lokusebenza alaneleyo ukuya kwimodi echanekileyo, xa ukwanda kobushushu kuhlawulelwa ngumgangatho wokushisa. Kule meko, kufuneka kwenziwe ishedyuli yokulayisha: amandla okutyunjwa aya kulingana nemveliso yexabiso lepasipoti P kunye neengcambu zesikwele kwisilinganisi esikhethiweyo. Zonke ezi zingentla ziyinxalenye yecandelo lombane.

Ngokweminye inkcazo, amandla okulinganiswa acingelwa ukuba alingana nomnye umatshini, ophuhliswe yi-injini kwixabiso loyilo lombane kunye nobushushu obushushu obuhambelana nepasipoti eyodwa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba i-voltage (U) iyancipha, ngoko umbane wamandla uyaguquka, nangona isantya sokujikeleza se-shaft sinokuhlala sifana. Njengoko kwathiwa, umenzi wenza into ethile "yinqanaba lokukhusela": Uguquko ngaphakathi + -5% luvumela injini ukuba ithuthule i-torque ebalwe (kunye nobunzima benethiwekhi abatshintshiyo). Kuba isitokisi esinjalo si-2.5% kuphela.

Kodwa amandla alinganisiweyo yenguqu transformer acingisisa kuphela urhulumente weqondo lokushisa. Ukuba ubheka ipasipoti yefowuni, kukho ukushisa okubini: ukutyunjwa kunye nomoya. Ukuba ngethuba lokusebenza lokuqala alugqithisi inani elibaliweyo, kwaye okwesibini kuyahluke kancinane kwidatha yepaspoti, ngoko kule ndlela i-transformer ivelisa amandla okutyunjwa. Naliphina ukwanda komthwalo wamandla kubangela ukwanda kwamanje kunye neqondo lokushisa, ngoko ke ukulawula ngokwaneleyo kokugqibela. Njengoko kwimeko yeenjini, ukugqithisa okuncinane kuvunyelwe.