Ubukumkani Vladimira Monomaha. Iziphumo wobukumkani Vladimir Monomakh

akhawunti Vladimir Monomakh iBhodi iminyaka 1112-1125. E Kiev ubulawuli wahlala phantsi, lo gama indoda eneminyaka engama-60 ubudala, i ufundile sisilumko. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto iminyaka wobukumkani bakhe ingqalelo eyona ukuba urhulumente Old Russian.

Enye Rurik

Umzukulwana Yaroslava Mudrogo, unyana oluthandayo Enkulu Kiev Prince Vsevolod kunye baseByzantium Princess Anna (intombi baseConstantinople mlawuli Constantine Monomakh) wazalwa ngo-1053. Emva ivuthwa, waba nguyise undoqo macala. Ngokwendalo, Kiev Vsevolod ezabiwa etroneni kuye. Kodwa ndikuthiyile ingxabano Vladimir ushiywe egameni umzala Grand olawulayo Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich njengoko uyise Monomach Kiev, Vsevolod wathabatha etroneni emva kokuba ukugxothwa umzalwana wakhe Izyaslav. Abantu of Kiev azikho wayeyoliswa kakhulu Svyatopolk eyayimngqongile, ikakhulu ngenxa ubuhlobo Polovtsy kwaye nangenxa yokuba ngexesha lakhe mboleko-sharking lifikelele eyothusayo.

Wise nethandwayo

Ngoko nangoko emva kokufa yenkulu Kiev Monomakh wathunyelwa isimemo ebukumkanini omkhulu, kodwa yena akayi wabalekiselwa elikomkhulu kuba abafuni ukwephula yokulandelelana etroneni, kuba ecinga ukuba i Svyatopolk ulawulo kufuneka Oleg Seversky okanye uDavide Chernigov okanye Jaroslav Murom - yonke kwinzala Svyatoslav. iyalibala kwakhe bazuza abantu of Kiev, ukubandezeleka kwingcinezelo ngokugqithisileyo usurers amaYuda, yaye imvukelo kwavuka, kunye kwamaJuda. Wabuya wathuma umthunywa Monomakh. Eli xesha akazange athandabuze. E Vladimir (igama lakhe zonqulo - Basil) kwaye phambi kokuba kuhlale wetrone Kiev waye udaba uxolo, Ophumelele Polovtsian (wabenza 19 izivumelwano uxolo) kunye unifier imihlaba Russian (noonyana bakhe kwizixeko ezikhulu - Novgorod, ESmolensk kunye Rostov, ke yona eyomninawa wakhe Rostislav walawula Pereyaslavl).

isiqalo brilliant

Vladimir Monomakh mthetho nasiphi na isixeko - ESmolensk 1073-1078, 1078-1094 Chernigov, Pereyaslavl 1094-1113 - yaba elumkileyo yimpumelelo. Eneenkani Kiev efunekayo ukuze alawule Vladimir kuphela, ekufikeni ukuba mvukelo etsha. Kodwa Monomakh ukuqonda oonobangela yayo, ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka kwixesha elizayo yaye kakhulu usike amazinga egciniswe (hayi ngaphezulu kwe-20% ngonyaka) kunokuba ukwenza ubomi lula ukuba abakumgangatho ophantsi. "Charter of rezah" yamkelwa emva kokubonisana elide kunye nabameli abakhethekileyo. Emva kokuba ayiphumelelanga ukubonisa ukuba adle abanye ngayo ekugqibeleni uza kukwenzakalisa Russia nje kuphela, kodwa kubo ngokwabo, kwagqitywa ngokugxotha yonke yamaYuda imali-ababolekisi bemke kwelo zwe. Oku kucaciswe ukuba yonke impahla "bezimali," komtshato bathabathe nabo, kodwa akufuneki abuyele eRashiya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, into eninzi yamaYuda amukela Orthodox.

Kwase yesibini Vladimir Red Sun

Iminyaka wobukumkani Prince Vladimir Monomakh zaqalisa ekunyukeni yokugqibela Kievan Rus. jikelele Lucky, sezopolitiko elungileyo, umntu ofundileyo kunye nombhali abanetalente abashiya ngasemva umsebenzi wokubhala, walungiselela iRussia ngexesha nizole - Pechenegs bagxothwa, i Cumans boyika kumhlaba rob Russian, ngokuba nemikhankaso nxamnye nabo, inkosana wathembela umkhosi wamajoni, hayi kwi mercenaries. Waba ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu, ibonisa kuncedisana umfanekiso oyindumasi Vladimir Red Ilanga (kwase yokuqala utatomkhulu wakhe Vladimir, umbhaptizi of Russia). Sokuthimba Ili Muromtsa kuwa phezu kobukumkani Vladimir Monomakh

amazwe-nkqubo Uninzi uloyiso

Umgaqo-nkqubo bezinye iintlanga Grand Duke yayina xa unyana womfi ze baseByzantium loMlawuli Alexios I John II, leyo forestalled amajoni ezinkulu Russian kugaleleka eConstantinople. Sinqwenelela uxolo Kievan Rus, amaGrike waya ngokuzithandela kwiminyinyiva omkhulu - Monomakh wawongwa kwisihloko kukumkani, ngokubaluleka basileus ngokulinganayo waseByzantium. Wanikwa kunye iimpahla zasebukhosini, intonga, orb, sithsaba sam, edume kunye edume "Monomakh". I-Union iye ezizinzileyo umtshato dynastic - nyana kaYohane, indlalifa Alexei, wayetshate umzukulwana yenkulu Kiev. Ngoko ke, ulawulo Vladimira Monomaha yabalasela ukusekwa Union yaseByzantium ezinxulumene olomeleleyo.

nkqubo nezimo

Noko ke, walumkisa iphulo ukuba zifake eConstantinople enikiweyo kwindlela yamazwe Danubian, kodwa Monomakh wayesoloko ngenxa ihlabathi into yokwenza. Ngoko ke, la mazwe ngobo amaByzantine. Emva ulwa Minsk Prince Gleb kunye abanjwe kula mazwe ababenobuhlobo Kiev - ykuba ulongamo yayo. Iingenelo ukuqina ziquka into yokuba yokuhlala ebudeni bolawulo Vladimira Monomaha ezintathu onke amazwe Russian zaye buzinze ezandleni zakhe. Nabamelwane yawo yonke, leyo ngesivumelwano, nalapho - emkhosini, sele kugqityiwe ehlabathini lonke. Ngoko ke, le mvukelo iye abathintela e Volyn, obulawulwa unyana Svyatopolk, iza ku-mthetho Vladimir, Yaroslav. Yena wajika iyadi yakhe ibe eKiev dya nakuwubona. Wawubaleka ababolekisa kanye amaYuda, nazo zonke iintlobo iintshaba laphakade Russia. A umkhosi omkhulu Czechs, Hungarians, izibonda ababesinge eKiev. Abantu baphuma baya kumkhawulela Mstislav Vladimirovich. Yaroslav yena sele wabulawa ngamajoni Russian ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni ka Volyn. Ukuncedisa umfi ngqiqweni, imikhosi yotshaba lweMedia.

Ukukhula ngamandla Russia

Nam iVolga Bulgars, ogama umkhosi woyiswa ngamajoni Russian, okanye abemi aseBalti eFinland, rhoqo uhlawula irhafu, hayi kuwahlasela ilizwe Russian ebudeni bolawulo Vladimir Monomakh. Konke oku kwenza kube lula ukwenza loo maxesha karhulumente. Yakha amabandla, ukwandisa urhwebo, waqala ukuqamba imali, iincwadi eguqulelwe ngolwimi yaseByzantium, baqala ukuvula izikolo, apho abantwana banikwa uqeqesho kwi iintsapho kakhulu. Ukuba indoda efundile kunye nombhali unesiphiwo, uVladimir ekhohlo bobempunde imisebenzi yakhe - 'Ukuyalela "yaye" Ukuhamba ". Ukongeza, Nestor, indela of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra kudala "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" (1117). Vladimir Monomakh zeBhodi Kiev ukuguqula isixeko yaba liziko enkulu yorhwebo kunye nenkcubeko. Ushiye memory elungileyo kangangeenkulungwane, yaye wasimisela umzekelo karhulumente, nto leyo eyenza nempumelelo ilizwe. Malunga ayithethi kakuhle nje kuphela ebhalwe kule minyaka wobukumkani bakhe, i "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", kodwa Ipatiev Chronicle kwi "Tale of the Intshabalalo yelizwe Russian." Yaye emva kokufa kwakhe, ezinye inzala yakhe isithsaba ngukumkani "ikepusi Monomakh".

Ukuqala kobukumkani Vladimira Monomaha waba ngoAprili 20, 1113 luze luphele May 19, 1125, imini yokufa kwakhe. Phantsi Vladimir Monomakh imitshato abaninzi dynastic. Ishade zonke abantwana bakhe abaninzi kunye phantse zonke iintloko isithsaba of Europe. Imitshato kunye nabantwana khans.

Iziphumo yeBhodi

amandla Strong ukuba ekuthini nabamelwane kusala ngasemva Vladimir Monomakh, iziphumo yayo inokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo wobukumkani. Eyona mpumelelo ephambili ukuphelisa ukuhlaselwa Polovtsy yonakalisa lizwe. Igunya of Russia liye landa kakhulu, emva kokuba koyiswe kwabo. Ngakumbi ukukhula kwayo negalelo-nkqubo elungeleleneyo angaphandle kunye imitshato dynastic. Monomakh kwaqiniswa lonke igunya, yaye ngaloo ndlela wakwazi ukugcina ulawulo ngokupheleleyo phezu zonke izixeko kunye neendlela yorhwebo Russia. Ngenxa zokuyeka kwengxabano yamakhaya kunye nokuqalisa woxolo waqalisa ukuba onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho, uncwadi nobugcisa, kodwa lenyuka kakhulu amandla lizwe - zombini zomkhosi kunye noqoqosho.