Ubulumko bokusebenza kunye negraphic computer. Ububanzi besicelo

Ibinzana elithi "ingqiqo yolwazi" ngexesha lethu kubantu abaninzi linxulumene neelabhothi ze-humanoid. Enyanisweni, eli gama kufuneka liqondwe ngokubanzi. Kukho ubuncinane ezimbini ukutolika okuyisiseko kwe-AI. Iyokuqala ibonisa ukuba yingqiqo yolwazi njengegama lenkcazo yesayensi yonke yale ntsimi. Iyesibini ineenkcazo encinci kwaye ichaza iinkqubo / izakhiwo ezithile apho uphando olwenziwe ngasentla lukhankanywe.

Okwangoku, kunokuthiwa ukuba ingqiqo yolwazi ngenye indlela okanye enye iya kuhlanganiswa ngokubanzi nakwiindawo ezininzi zomsebenzi wabantu. Ezi zinoxolo, imikhosi, kunye nezikhokelo ezininzi zophando, apho kuyimfuneko injongo kunye nokungakhethi. I-AI inikeza amathuba amakhulu ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi enzima, inako ukwenza izibalo ngokukhawuleza kunanoma yimuphi umntu kwaye, ngaphezu koko, isetyenziswe kwiimeko kunye neendawo ezingafanelekanga kubomi.

Ukubonakala kweengcinga zobungcali

Inkqubo yokuqala yengqondo yinkqubo yekhompyutheni yaboniswa kuluntu ngo-1956. Injongo yalo yayikubonisa ubungqina beemathematika eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ngexa elinye "I-Logic-Theoretic" iqhubana kakuhle nemisebenzi ebekiwe. Kamva, izazinzulu zenze ezininzi ezintsha, sele zikhompyutheni ezininzi zeekhompyutheni ezisekelwe kuyo.

Ngendlela yesicatshulwa esisodwa sekhompyutheni yesayensi, ingqiqo yolwazi yaqala ukuma emva kweli ganeko - kuphela kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ekhulwini lokugqibela. Ngoku le ntsimi yenzululwazi isengomnye omncinci.

Kuyakwazi ukuqeshisa iindawo eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobulumko:

• Ukucwangcisa nokucwangciswa kweedyuli ezahlukeneyo

Umzekelo ungomnye weenkqubo ze-NASA ezizimeleyo ezidibeneyo kwi-spacecraft. Ukuba kude kakhulu kumhlaba wethu, le nkqubo inokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo umyalelo wokwenza umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla. Konke oku kwenziwe ngokuqwalasela utshintsho olujikelezayo, isimo se-spacecraft kunye neenjongo eziphambili zendawo yayo kwindawo.

• Ukulungisa iingxaki ezinzima, ukuqonda ulwimi lwendalo

Apha, umzekelo, unokuzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukuxazulula i-crosswords. Nangona into yokuba umfanekiso "wokucinga" weengqondo zobuqhetseba ngokungafaniyo neyethu, ziphantse zivelise umphumo ochanekileyo. Ukongezelela, ii-AI iinkqubo zisebenza kangcono kunanoma yimaphi amapuzzli amathuzu e-amateur. Impembelelo ifumaneka ngohlalutyo lwamanani kunye nobukho beenkcukacha ezininzi ezisetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuthelekisa nokukhethwa kwesisombululo esifanelekileyo.

• Ukudlala imidlalo

Le ntsimi yesicelo yaqala ukuphuhlisa kunye nokuveliswa komshini odumileyo. Waba udumo ngokutshatyalalisa omnye wabadlali abakhulu kunabo bonke - uGarry Kasparov. I-Chess ngokwayo isisiseko esihle sokuphuhliswa kwe-AI, njengoko kuthathwa njengomdlalo onzima kakhulu: kukho indawo enkulu yokwakha amacebo okuziphatha.

• Ukusetyenziswa kwezifo

Injalo yesimo sokusetyenziswa kwe-AI, njenge-diagnostic, sele isetyenziswe ngamagqirha. Xa ukungaphumeleli kwezibalo kungadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisigulane, nayiphi na inkqubo kufuneka isebenze kwinqanaba lokubonisana noogqirha abanolwazi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kunjalo: ukuchaneka koxilongo olunikezwa ngumatshini, ngokugqithiseleyo kudlulayo nokuba phakathi koogqirha abahamba phambili. Iikliniki ezininzi zanamhlanje zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokuxilonga kwaye zizisebenzise ngokuzenzekelayo kwimisebenzi yazo.

• Ulawulo lokuzimela

Umzekelo obalaseleyo kulo mzekelo kukuzama ukusetyenziswa koomatshini, okwenziwa yiyunivesithi yaseMerika. Ngokuncediswa kwenkqubo yokujonga iikhomputha , iimoto zazijoliswe kwaye zihanjiswe ezindleleni zelizwe ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabantu: ngokuzimela zibala indlela kwaye zakhetha indlela ekhuselekileyo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kuwo wonke umlando wovavanyo, akuzange kubekho izingozi ezirekhodiweyo ezibangelwa yi-AI.

• Robotics

Le ntsimi yesicelo ihlala isebenza njengomthombo wokuphefumlelwa kwe-cinema. Enyanisweni, ukwakhiwa kweerobhothi ezinengqondo yenye yeenjongo eziphambili zokufunda ingqiqo yolwazi. Kuza kube namhlanje, asinalo ulwazi olwaneleyo kunye nezibonelelo ukuphumeza ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi okhankanywe ngasentla. Kodwa abaxhasi be-robot, umzekelo, sele kusetyenziswe ochwepheshe bezobugqirha ngexesha lomsebenzi onobungozi obunobungozi.

Iindawo zokusetyenziswa kweemifanekiso zekhompyutha

Ngaphantsi kwegama elithi "imifanekiso yekhompyutheni" inokufihla nayiphi na imisebenzi emininzi apho ikhompyutha isetyenziswa njengesixhobo: indlela yokwakha, inkqubo kunye nokwenziwa kwemifanekiso eyahlukeneyo, kwaye usebenze naluphi na ulwazi olulungele ukufunyanwa oluvela ngaphandle. Okokuqala, ezi zimbalwa zezona ndawo zibalulekileyo, njengale:

• Isicelo sesayensi kunye neshishini

Oku kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kweirafu, iingxelo, ispredishithi kunye nesishwankathelo - ngokuchanekileyo, ukubonakala kwazo. Ukuboniswa okunjalo kolwazi kunceda ukukhawuleza nokuhlaziya ukuhambelana kweziphumo.

• Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zobunjineli

Abacwangcisi, abaqulunqi kunye nabasunguli abanako ukwenza ngaphandle kokudalwa kwangaphambili kwezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye ukuba yonke into ibhalwe ngaphambili kwiphepha, ngoko ngokuza kwe teknoloji yolwazi umsebenzi wenziwe lula: ngoku unokuyila iiprojekthi ngqo kwikhompyutha.

• Ukudalwa kweentengiso

Ukuthandwa kweentengiso kwanyusa ukuphuhliswa kwesalathisi esifanayo sekhompyutheni yekhompyutha. Phantse zonke iividiyo kunye neentetho esizibonisayo kumabonakude zidalwe ngokusebenzisa iikhomputha kunye neenkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwezinto zokukhanya, ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezintathu ezinomxholo kunye neminye imisebenzi efunekayo ukudala umfanekiso ongokoqobo.

• Art Digital

Intsimi yokugqibela yesicelo luhlobo lomdwebo, oluguqulelwe kuphela kwifomati yedokethi. Zonke iindlela zobugcisa, ezifana neebhontshi, iipende kunye neenkiki, zithatyathwa yiidivaysi ezibonakalayo, ezinika inkululeko yangempela, engazange ibe yinto yokwakha. Ngophuhliso olunzulu lwale nqanaba, isizukulwana esitsha sabantu abaculi bavela, abakhetha ukudala kungekhona okwenene, kodwa kwinqwelo ebonakalayo.