Ubume bale iintsholongwane kunye umbutho

Indlela esakhiwe ngayo intsholongwane a non-cellular, njengoko azinazo naziphi na organelles. Ngamafutshane, kuba liqonga lotshintsho phakathi mba kwabafileyo, kwanakwabaphilileyo. Virus sibanjwa Russian sezinto di Ivanovo ngo-1892 kwinkqubo yokuhlaziya izifo icuba emihle. Zonke isakhiwo iintsholongwane - RNA okanye DNA livalelwe kwiqokobhe protein ekuthiwa capsid. virion ebizwa kwasekwa amasuntswana esosulelayo.

iintsholongwane umkhuhlane okanye herpes babe imvulophu ezongezelelweyo lipoprotein, leyo kuvela inwebu cytoplasmic weeseli host. Omkhuhlane nohlulwe DNA-equlethe okanye RNA aqulethe, ngenxa yokuba esinye kuphela uhlobo nucleic acid. Nangona kunjalo, inani elikhulu iintsholongwane - yinto RNA-equlethe. genomes zabo-ndixakene abangatshatanga kunye kabini-balahleke. Isakhiwo yangaphakathi iintsholongwane ebavumela ukuba phinda kuphela kwiiseli kwezinye izinto, kwaye akukho wumbi. Abazange ukubonisa nayiphi na umsebenzi extracellular. Ubungakanani kabanzi iintsholongwane - 20 ukuya 300 NM ubukhulu.

Ubume iintsholongwane bacteriophages

Virus ezosulela iintsholongwane ngaphakathi, ebizwa bacteriophages (phages). Ukuba uyakwazi ukungena iseli bacteria niwonakalise.

Umzimba we bacteriophage of E. coli sinentloko apho ngentonga ezibuhlazarha, wabhinqa Iprothini cover contractile. Ekupheleni kwale intonga ipleyiti carcinomas apho 6 imicu ezikhuselekileyo. Ngaphakathi entloko zinemoletyhule DNA. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezizodwa intsholongwane bacteriophage encamathele umzimba coli igciwane Escherichia. Ukusebenzisa enzyme, lo phage iyachithakala iseli eludongeni kwaye ungena ngaphakathi. Okulandelayo, intonga ukusuka ijelo ngokunciphisa yintloko uhambele DNA, kwaye kwisithuba imizuzu eli-15 bacteriophage ngokupheleleyo kusala ukuma yokucolwa elide kakhulu iintsholongwane iiseli phezu wathandayo endleleni. Igciwane ayisa nokulungelelanisa DNA layo - ngoku synthesizes a nucleic acid kwale ntsholongwane. Konke oku zagqitywa kukuba kukho abathile 200-1000 abantu phages neentsholongwane iseli itshabalele. Zonke bacteriophages zahlulwe ngokunamandla kunye epholileyo. Le yokugqibela musa ukwenza phindana xa iiseli iintsholongwane kunye nesizukulwana ifomu ngokunamandla kubantu abasele bosulelwe ndawo.

izifo egazini

Ubume bale ntsholongwane kunye nobomi kubangelwa kukuba lunokubakho kuphela xa iiseli nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ukuyohlala nayiphi iseli, intsholongwane engabanga isifo kakhulu. Kumaxesha amaninzi phantsi ukuhlaselwa zezityalo zolimo kunye nezilwanyana. Ezi zifo kakhulu angafundisi ukuchuma kwezityalo kwaye imbangela yokufa ezininzi zezilwanyana.

Kukho iintsholongwane ezinokubangela zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ebantwini. Wonke umntu uqhelene izifo ezifana esifo, i-herpes, umkhuhlane, ipoliyo, uqilikwane, yimasisi, senyongo kunye AIDS. ukusuka iintsholongwane Bonke kuvuka. Indlela esakhiwe ngayo intsholongwane ingqakaqha ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu isakhiwo intsholongwane herpes, njengoko basonta qela linye - Herpes Virus, nto leyo ibandakanya nabanye iintlobo iintsholongwane. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, ngokubonakalayo esasaza human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Indlela onokuwoyisa ngayo, ngelixa bani owaziyo.