Ubume bale iiseli zezityalo nezilwanyana: ezifanayo nezahlukileyo

Ubume bale iiseli zezityalo nezilwanyana thile ezahlukeneyo. Kweli nqaku sijonga iimpawu eziphambili zezi yunithi zolwakhiwo kunye olusebenzayo umzimba. Baya kuya kuxoxwa iimfano neeyantlukwano phakathi kwiiseli izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

wenza njani iyunithi incinane ephilayo

Ubume bale iiseli izityalo kunye nezilwanyana inika ubukho amacandelo amathathu: inwebu nadmembrannymi iimanyano, kukho icytoplasm kunye isiqalo.

Le inwebu eyohlula imixholo iseli ukusuka kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Wenziwe ziimaleko ezimbini phospholipid kunye protini. Ngaphezu kulo iqokobhe ezongezelelweyo (udonga okanye glycocalyx).

Cytoplasmic iquka hyaloplasm (ngaphakathi ulwelo medium), inclusions (iiyunithi ixesha ngohlobo zamathontsana okanye ziikristale ezithatha indawo zizondlo) kunye organelles (nezakhiwo esisigxina ukuba enze imisebenzi ethile). Kuba intetho zakutshanje iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Zeziphi organelles

Ubume bale iiseli izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ubonelela amaqela amathathu organelles: non-inwebu, odnomembrannyh kunye dvumembrannyh.

Non-inwebu kunye organelles odnomembrannye Kuqhelekile ukuba zombini ezi khetshi izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

Iqela lokuqala kuquka izakhiwo ezifana kwiziko yeseli, ribosomes, microtubules kunye microfilaments. Bonke bephela ukuqhuba imisebenzi yabo ethile. Ngenxa yoko, iziko iseli libandakanyeka ekubunjweni edibanise mitotic. Ribosomes banoxanduva inkqubo translation - ukuyilwa amatyathanga polypeptide le asidi ngamnye acid. Microfilaments kunye microtubules cytoskeleton ezikhandelwa ezisebenza izithuthi kunye umsebenzi ngoomatshini.

Enye ukufana phakathi izityalo kunye nezilwanyana iiseli kukuba omabini organelles odnomembrannymi. It lysosomes, reticulum endoplasmic, Golgi complex. reticulum Endoplasmic inoxanduva Yindibanisela amafutha kunye carbohydrate. izixhobo Golgi libandakanyeka ukuhlelwa ukuguqulwa iiprothini. Lysosomes ziqulathe enzayim ibalulekile ukuze ukugaywa zeselula.

Ubume bale iiseli izityalo kunye nezilwanyana yahlukile, kodwa ababini ezi iiseli elinye iqela eqhelekileyo dvumembrannyh organelles - i mitochondria. Lunoxanduva yokuphefumla, apho amandla yaveliswa.

Yintoni eyahlula ubume iiseli izityalo kunye nezilwanyana

Ngokuyintloko, ezi zakhiwo zahluke ukuba izityalo ngaphezu inwebu ludonga ashinyeneyo, oko angekhoyo izilwanyana. Iseli Udonga kwezityalo yenziwa kwincindi. Kwezilwanyana, endaweni phezu kwe inwebu plasma ke glycocalyx.

Kwakhona omnye umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwiiseli izityalo kunye nezilwanyana - eziphathekayo zokugcina. Izityalo ifakiwe eziphambili zibandakanya krahmalla kunye nezilwanyana - ukusuka glycogen.

Okulandelayo umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini ntlobo leeseli kwi organelles. Makhe sihlolisise le ngongoma ngokweenkcukacha.

Organelles azifani izityalo

Ukongeza kwezo organelles ukuba sele ikhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, izilwanyana nazo ngqo, hayi lifumaneka kwizilwanyana.

Okokuqala, oko ke plastids. Bona kweentlobo ezintathu: leucoplasts, chromoplasts kunye chloroplasts. In izondlo lelonani yokuqala, ikakhulu tashi. iqulathe Okwesibini ngombala ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo unokubanika umbala othile izityalo. Umzekelo, kukho inani elikhulu leeseli equlethwe chromoplasts iintyatyambo. Chloroplasts zinoxanduva - photosynthesis inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto eziphilayo ezivela ezingaphiliyo esebenzisa amandla elanga.

Enye organelles ekhethekileyo plant cells, nguye vacuole. Iqulethe iseli incindi. Vacuole inxaxheba kwinkqubo kucocwa.