Yintoni exhaphakileyo isakhiwo elula ngokoluvo zezinto eziphilayo

Izilwanyana ingabonwa kuphela ngemakroskopu - ilula. Zakha Subkingdom wabo eziqulathe ukuya ths-40. Iintlobo. Kwaye nangona inani labo inkulu kangaka, izazinzulu wadibana nabameli protists kuphela kubulela kwinkulungwane ye-17 ukuya Umsunguli neemicroscope ngu Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa morphology wabo, ukuze bafumanise ukuba ezahlukeneyo yaye yintoni na kuxhaphakile isakhiwo elula ngayo.

Biology kwendima izilwanyana single-ezineseli ngokwendalo

Ngokutsho Taxonomy eli qela eziphilayo eukaryotic zibandakanya abameli iiklasi sarkodovyh, ibihlungu, ciliates, kunye flagellates. Repopulating i yayigcinwa zomhlaba osuka kunye lithosfere, bakwazi iintlobo ezahlukileyo zokutya. Phakathi elula autotrophs, umz euglena eluhlaza, heterotrophs - ciliates, foraminifery kunye radiolarians, nezinambuzane ezifana Plasmodium falciparum okanye ameba dysenteric.

Inkoliso yabo umthombo wokutya wazo izilwanyana multicellular, coelenterates, arthropods, intlanzi. entry Easy kulo lonke chain trophic, idlala indima zabazebenzisi okanye abavelisi umyalelo 1. Makhe sijonge koko kuqhelekileyo kwi isakhiwo zilula.

Iseli njengesigqeba esemqoka

protists umzimba iquka kwiseli enye, yaye, nangona kungekho amalungu, tissue kunye neenkqubo, Noko ke, unako ukwenza ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yokuphefumla, zinomgutyulo, isondlo, kunye nokuzala.

Ngaphandle, izilwanyana zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye, nto leyo ehambisana kunye mba we divergence. Yavele ngenxa yokukhetha yendalo kunye yokwahluka kwemfuza. Noko ke, ngokutsho abaphengululi ezininzi, bonke ezineseli enye zivela kwiqela yamandulo extinct weeseli eukaryotic. Oku kuchaza ukufana kucwangciso lwabo morphological. Cinga koko kuqhelekileyo kubume kwecacileyo, iinkcukacha. Ngokomzekelo, abemi amatsha: Amoeba Proteus, ciliate-zezihlangu, euglena eluhlaza - kuba vacuoles contractile. Bona njalo ihlaba amanzi agqithisileyo kwaye likuthintele isilwanyana ekutshabalaleni ngokulawula uxinzelelo osmotic le ulwelo emzimbeni.

vacuoles yokusila kufuneka isakhiwo esifanayo, ohlaba izinto eziphilayo. Ubume iiseli ziquka Golgi apparatus, mitochondria kunye lysosomes. Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba sisonke kubume zilula.

Class luphawulwa flagellates ezifana ciliates kunye amoeba isakhiwo intracellular. Kodwa kumafa yayo iye iimbono eziqulathe chloroplasts, ezifana euglena eluhlaza. Xa ukukhanya, lenyama ezinjalo ziyakwazi photosynthesis - indlela autotrophic yokudla izityalo.

cell ndizayo

yakheke kunye neepropati zingathathwa njengoko njengenqobo, oluqhelekileyo kubume zilula. Le inwebu ubunjwe lipid kunye neprothini iimolekyuli kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba izithuthi kwezinto, ngaphezu kwayo ise glycocalyx. Iqulathe iiproteni ebonisa uxanduva umzimba razdrazhitelnost.Chtoby waye imilo ethile, pellicle kuyilwa, ngelixa sarkodovyh - obukhulu udonga umaleko kukho icytoplasm. Xa rhizopods Guinea inwebu top wambu isinki ezisebenza umsebenzi axhasayo.

Nangona umahluko yimbonakalo yangaphandle eziphilayo ngenxa naphaya kokusingqongileyo, inqanaba labo cellular lombutho - i header oluqhelekileyo kweli isakhiwo zilula.