Ubume kwemiphunga abantu

imiphunga Human yenye amalungu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo isisiseko sobukho yayo. Ukuphefumla oyibona kunjalo, kodwa eneneni ngexesha ngayo umzimba wethu kukho iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo eziqinisekisa ubomi bethu. Ukuze ngcono ukuqonda oko, kufuneka uyazi isakhiwo emiphungeni.

Xa uphefumla umoya idlula bronchi ezimbini, apho kukho isakhiwo eyahlukileyo. Ekhohlo ngaphezulu ngasekunene, kodwa kunjalo isoloko umzimba langaphandle ongena isixokelelwano sokuphefumla ngokusebenzisa bronchus ekunene. Ezi izidumbu ramifications. Phezu ukungena kwemiphunga elungileyo branched ezintathu, waza washiywa kucingwa ukuba 2 zinkulu, okuhambelana inani isithinzi zemiphunga.

Ubume yemiphunga inzima kakhulu, kuba ngaphakathi kwabo isebe bronchi uye abaninzi bronchi segmental encinane. Nabo, baya kudlula kulo bronchi lobular zibandakanyiwe lobules emiphungeni. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba isakhiwo emiphungeni, engazi bronchi eninzi lobular kukuzo (kukho malunga 1000). Vnutridolevye bronchi kufuneka ukuya kumasebe 18 (bronchioles terminal) nabangenazo kwiindonga zabo intlala. Ezi bronchioles yesiphelo zenza icandelo noshowo ukukhanya - acinus.

Ubume emiphungeni kulula ukufunda, eqonda ukuba yintoni na a acinus. Le yunithi zolwakhiwo ezininzi kuThixo alveoli (avela bronchioles zemigudu). iindonga zabo gas izinto exchange zeendawana, kwaye ndawo ngexesha inhalation inokuba ukufikelela 100 sq.m. Kumgama inkulu kumphezulu wazo nokuphefumla kwenzeka ngexesha umthambo.

ingxenye Bronchopulmonary na inxalenye nomhlehlo emiphungeni, nto leyo inomoya bronchi 3 umyalelo eyayizalwa lobe bronchus. Nganye broncho nemithambo pedicle eyahlukileyo (Umthambo kunye bronchus). isakhiwo Segmental kwemiphunga sele ukutyhilwa ngexesha inqanaba lophuhliso amayeza kunye notyando. Ilungelo lung-10 ziqwempu, kwaye ekhohlo - 8. Ngenxa yokuba eyafunyanwa kulwahlulo amacandelo pulmonary bronchopulmonary, ukuba kwenzeka ukususa iindawo achaphazelekileyo omzimba kunye ulondolozo lobuninzi iinxalenye zayo esempilweni.

Kulo mzimba ukwahlula phakathi imiphezulu zilandelayo: mediastinal, diafragmentalnuyu, ubambo. Xa mediastinum Ngabo babizwa ngokuba "amasango". Ngabo, imiphunga bronchi, imithambo, kunye luvo, kwaye ushiye nempahla nkovu kunye imithambo nezengekho miphungeni. Zonke ezi zithinteli-ekuthiwa 'Ingcambu kwemiphunga. "

Imiphunga zihlukaniswe vee of ezinzulwini ezahlukeneyo kunye nobude. Babelana esikule emiphungeni ngokwabo esangweni. Kukho 3 nomhlehlo kwemiphunga ekunene (ezantsi, phezulu, phakathi) kunye 2 ekhohlo (ngaphantsi, phezulu). uqabe isithinzi aphantsi ke inkulu.

Ubume ukukhanya iyakuba ingagqitywanga yaye ecaleni pleura visceral ukuba agubungele mmandla emiphungeni ngamnye ifomu ingcambu "Parietal phetshana" ngakwimida ezindongeni kwisisu thoracic. Ifunyanwa therebetween kwisisu ezixwesileyo-like, inxalenye ebizwa sinuses (ibekwe phakathi Parietal umaleko). Le sinus pleural costophrenic inkulu kuqwalaselwa (it edge lula iwela ngexesha iphefumlelwe).

Isakhiwo lulula wacaciswa iinkqubo ibakho xa uphefumla. Kulo mzimba 2 ukwahlula olujikeleza: isangqa encinane (eziquka imithambo yegazi, inxaxheba kutshintshiselwano igesi), ezinkulu ukujikeleziswa (eziquka kwemithambo inyumoniya ngemithambo, beninikela igazi esimbaxa kuba imiphunga inkxaso ukutya kunye nobomi ngokwabo). Bubunjani eyayizalwa kwabo imithambo pulmonary efanayo kwemithambo, kodwa bahluka Ukwahluka zabo. Bona ke umthombo capillary lobules womnatha, izihlunu nokuqina interlobular, iityhubhu inyumoniya kunye pleura visceral. Ngenxa yegazi interlobular networks capillary kuyilwa ukuhlanganisa ulwazi kunye. Kwabo mithambo benziwa ezinkulu ngokwandisa kufuphi bronchi. Ngokulingana kunye ngemithambo segmental ngalinye ekukhanyeni ngemithambo ezimbini akhiwa: eliphezulu aphansi (nobukhulu zabo zahlukile kakhulu). Baya kuwa babodwa intendelezo ekhohlo.

Inani imithambo inyumoniya yi impermanent. It zokhahlamba ukususela nge-2 ukuya ku-6 Ngowe-50% amatyala ebantwini ngu-4 imithambo inyumoniya ukwandisa ngokufanayo ukuya ekhohlo kunye bronchus ekunene engundoqo. Yaye abakho kuphela imithambo le bronchi, njengoko enikwe isebe ukuba amalungu ahlukeneyo mediastinum. Qala imithambo ilungelo ibekwe kwi inwebu le kuvuleke iminxunya kunye noqhoqhoqho, okanye phantsi ngaphambili (phakathi ezalathelwe nkovu). Umthambo Ekhohlo ise esikule ngezantsi uqhoqhoqho ngaphantsi Arch aortic. Ngaphakathi kwemithambo kwemiphunga e esikule ecaleni bronchi kunye, eyayizalwa, kudlala indima ngqo kwi igazi ukuba abaseleyo iinxalenye zayo kunye pleura. Kule bronchioles nokuphefumla, baphelelwa self-value badlulele kwinkqubo capillary.

Zonke iimpahla igazi emiphungeni ezinxulumene kunye nabanye. Ukongeza kwinethiwekhi capillary jikelele ukwahlula vneorgannye intraorgan anastomoses, interconnecting kwegazi ezimbini.

Inkqubo emithanjeni ibandakanya zamabanga uthungelwano capillary plexus nobeempahla emithanjeni ngaphakathi organ, neempahla efferent, intrapulmonary neendawo nkovu extrapulmonary. Ukwahlula lymphatics and enzulu.

Umthombo innervation kwemiphunga - luvo plexus kunye iziqu mediastinal akhiwa amasebe enovelwano, vagus, lomqolo kunye imithambo phrenic.