Ugonyo nezingacwangciselwanga ipoliyo. Iintlobo wamachiza, Izimo

Umba ugonyo lwabantwana yondele kwilizwe lethu. Ngophuhliso information technology abazali mihla abantwana ithuba lokufumana iintlobo ulwazi malunga nokwenzeka gonyo imvuthuluka zakho. Ngelishwa, kwiimeko ezininzi ulwazi efunyenwe ngale ndlela ayilunganga, ubone, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukulahlwa ngokungenabulungisa ngenxa zisigonyelwe. An imigomo isizathu loqhankqalazo ngakumbi ukuba luyacetyiswa ukuba yokuziphatha jikelele ngemeko ukusasazeka kwesi sifo. Ngenxa yoko, ugonyo nezingacwangciselwanga ipoliyo iye yakhokelela abaxhasi inkcaso olunobuzaza abachasi zisigonyelwe. Kwinqaku lethu siya kuzama iyafumaneka ukuba bachaze ukuba kutheni ekugonyweni, ngelo xesha, kukho imingcipheko.

schedule nokugonywa

Nangona ezahlukeneyo ezixhalabisayo abasafunda ukuhamba abazali, oogqirha bacebisa ukubethelela umntwana evela ipoliyo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Umzekelo, eli yeza yokuqala evunywe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo khalenda yabelwe inyanga ezintathu-baby. ugonyo olandelayo ikhutshwa phandle iintsuku ezingama-45 emva kokuba ezidlulileyo. Ke yokugqibela - iinyanga ezintandathu ukusuka ekuzalweni. Ke imfuneko lokomeleza imithamo iminyaka enye enesiqingatha kunye iminyaka eli-14. Le shedyuli bokugonyelwa sepoliyo ivumela ukuba nezifo ngamandla le ntsholongwane.

Xa zigonywe abantwana ukongeza?

Kwezinye iimeko, aqhube ugonyo nezingacwangciselwanga ipoliyo. Oku kwenzeka:

• Ukuba awukwazi kungqina into yokuba ukugonya umntwana;
• phambi amazwe kunye nemeko esibi epidemiological ukutyelela;
• xa ukulungisa amatyala "zasendle" ipoliyo kwilizwe ohlala kulo.

imbali lwamachiza

Ipoliyo nangoku kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo kuyingozi isisifo esibi sifo. Kwakukho izinga lokusweleka eliphezulu phakathi izigulane. Kuphela sisazinzulu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaseMelika Jonas Salk Ugonyo wadalwa isifo esinjalo. isisombululo inactivated abantwana zagonywa 1954 okokuqala kwenziwa ngonyaka. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, olu lingelo ndingungantweni - ipesenti elikhulu labafundi owayefumene ukuxhaswa yepoliyo zaye waphawula iimpawu zosulelo yintsholongwane, ukufa ezirekhodiweyo. Emva kwesi siganeko, eli yeza uye wavalwa ukusetyenziswa.

ukuzama ukuphuhlisa lugonyo ipoliyo yasekwa ngo-1957 ngu Scientist Albert Sabin. Wadala lo amayeza ngomlomo ngokususela intsholongwane ephilayo. Iimvavanyo aye abonisa ukhuseleko lwezizalwane ukusebenza ephakamileyo iindlela zokuthintela ipoliyo. Ngowe-1963, eli yeza yomlomo esetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi. Kodwa iziphumo yabonisa kukungabi ukusebenza ichiza ngokususela intsholongwane ephilayo. Ukongeza, amatyala iingxaki ezinkulu ziye abhalwe ngokusemthethweni emva OPV (isitofu) iye yaziswa. Le nyaniso sabangela ukukhala umphakathi. Emva koko ichiza wavalwa ukuze zisetyenziswe kumazwe amaninzi phambili.

iintlobo zokugonya

Nangona izifundo ezininzi aye abonisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kweziyobisi emzimbeni womntu ngogonyo, esi sifo akukho akanangozi. Ngoko ke, ugonyo jikelele akukho irhoxisiwe, yaye liphuhlise ucwangciso oluthile gonyo ipoliyo. Ngelo xesha kumazwe ahlukeneyo, oko kuphela umhla, kodwa ke iintlobo amachiza asetyenziswa.

Namhlanje kusetyenziswa amachiza esekelwe ntsholongwane inactivated kunye ubomi. Nganye kwezi ntlobo zinezibonelelo yayo kunye neengxaki (iinkcukacha ngezantsi).

Ugonyo ipoliyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo

Kumazwe aphuhlileyo, ikhalenda ugonyo, kwakunye ugonyo nezingacwangciselwanga ipoliyo ziqhutywe ukulungiselela kuphela inactivated. Kumazwe ico ngendlela ukufundisa abantwana abaye wajika iinyanga ezi-3 no 4.5. kwasekuzalweni. Xa Isigaba sesithathu logonyo (kwiinyanga ezi-6), kunye nazo zonke ichiza lokomeleza kusetyenziswa kamva ngokusekelwe ntsholongwane live.

Kwilizwekazi le-Afrika kunye Asia kude kangaka kubanjwa kuphela ugonyo ugonyo "live". Oku kungenxa yokuba eli chiza ayibizi kakhulu umfuziselo inactivated.

buhle OPV

sokugonya Oral - ichiza, wenza kwisiseko ubomi, kodwa kuwuyeka lo kwilebhu le ntsholongwane yepoliyo. Ukongeza, yeza onjalo kufuneka abandakanye antibiotics kwamalungu ayo ukuthintela lokwanda eziphilayo izifo. Yintoni na indlela inyathelo le lokugonya? Enyanisweni, emva ezithatha ichiza ngaphakathi yinto sokosuleleka sepoliyo kwabantu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane yaso buthathaka, akunamsebenzi ezingozini zempilo.

Kunjalo, ugonyo okunjalo zombini ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Le eziluncedo ziquka ezi zibakala zilandelayo:

• Intshayelelo elula (kumazwe amaninzi nangoku ivuza imali efunekayo beziyobisi kwi amagaqa iswekile, kwaye zinika abantwana);
• OPV (ugonyo) buhlanganiswe, okt ikhusela kwiintlobo ezintathu strains ipoliyo;
• amalungiselelo ngokusekelwe ntsholongwane esiphilayo sitshiphu ukuvelisa ngaphezu IRP;
• Isitofu yomlomo kuphela okukwazi humoral kodwa laphu, iyenza nzima ukufezekisa kunye nokulungiselela inactivated.

ukushiyeka

Kuye lobubi OPV (sokugonya). Ungakhankanya oku kulandelayo:

1. Ngenxa yokuba ichiza unokwenziwa usekelwe lwegciwane live, kukho ingozi yosulelo yepoliyo yokwenene unedumbe. Loo ingxaki emva kogonyo ngokuba sisifo lokugonya-ezinxulumene (VAP). Oku kubizwa imo amanzithinzithi sepoliyo, ezo amacandelo ngelokulungiselela nogonyo. amatyala VAP ngokuqhelekileyo zenzeka ngenxa nomthamo ezingachanekanga ogonyo, kwakunye neemeko ezingachanekanga yokugcina yokuhamba yayo. Asikwazi ngaphandle ubuntununtunu ngamnye ukuya ichiza.
2. Akuyi Kucetyiswa ukuba ukuzitofa umntwana nxamnye isitofu yomlomo ipoliyo kwimeko endhawini usana ngokukhawuleza umfazi okhulelweyo okanye nabanye abantwana eziinzi, kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba buthathaka. Kuye kwezi ndidi zabantu ubungozi bokufumana intsholongwane.
3. Nangona abenzi iinkolelo, "live" sogonyo kungenzeka kakhulu ukuba zinokubanga iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngaphezu IPV.
4. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukwakhiwa mveliso: liquka iintlobo-3 Ngeentlobo yintsholongwane, 2 zintsholongwane ( "streptomycin" yaye "neomycin") kunye formaldehyde njengoko ukubola.

IPV ugonyo

Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba yintoni uhlobo ugonyo nxamnye ikhuselekileyo ipoliyo, impendulo leyo inactivated. Kwaye kwisithuba oku kuyinyaniso. Inzuzo ukuqina ye IPV yi ukungakwazi WPA, njengoko kuhlanganiselo yokulungiselela inactivated Akukho iintsholongwane ubomi, ezo umthombo usulelo. Kwakhona ngenxa yokusebenzisa "non-ophilayo" neentlobo-ntsholongwane, lunciphisa ubungozi iingxaki posleprivivochnyh kunye nezenzo ezibi.

Noko ke, ukulungiswa ikwaquka kwisigcinakaliso kunye antibiotics. Ukongeza, ezi ezingalunganga ziquka ukungakwazi IPV yogonyo ezihlangeneyo, kunye nokungabikho ukuyilwa wokhuseleko inyama yasekuhlaleni. Izinto yokugqibela kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza gonyo ipoliyo, njengoko iindlela ezingundoqo ukosuleleka zizifo wentsholongwane egazini ukutya, amanzi kunye nendlu.

Kwenziwa ugonyo olo ngenaliti ongama okanye intramuscular kungena ethangeni, igxalaba vane.

amagama zokugonya

Kwilizwe lethu namhlanje usebenzisa monovalent OPV "Ipoliyo Oral". Le ntsholongwane inactivated lisetyenziswa imixube, ezifana:

• "Imovaks Ipoliyo".
• "Infanrix".
• "DTP".
• "Pentaxim".
• "Tetrakok".

Zonke ezi ngaphandle 'Imovaks Ipoliyo "izitofu multicomponent, ngamanye amazwi abo benza wokukhuselwa izifo eziliqela egazini, kuquka nepoliyo, isifo somqala omhlophe, uminxano, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae influenzae.

reactions kwicala kunokwenzeka kunye nezigulo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingxaki ezinkulu ezinqabileyo kakhulu kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abane immunodeficiency okanye ukuphazamiseka iziphene ye phecana zesisu, kwakunye kwimeko-non ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho gonyo. Ngokutsho manani, ukukhula reactions icala waphawula kwimeko apho kukho ugonyo elikhulu-isikali ipoliyo nezingacwangciselwanga. Kuyinto kwimeko enjalo, bephikisana yokugcina engafanelekanga nokuthuthwa ichiza ngokufuthi abhalwe, izibalo idosi ezingachanekanga kunye nezinye iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho.

Yintoni na reactions ezingalunganga emva kogonyo? Obona bunzima eyingozi uphuhliso VAP emva zokufaka engqondweni ukulungiselela virus "live".

reactions Common ezingalunganga emva OPV ugonyo ukugonyelwa ipoliyo kunye IPV baba:

• Ukunyuka lobushushu (ukuya kwi-38 degrees) emva Ukuchumisa;
• ziyabagulisa;
• ephula esitulweni.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi mpawu musa kufuna unyango olukhethekileyo kwaye ngokwabo ngeentsuku 1-2. Kodwa izikhalazo ezinjalo xa kuthethwa itakane ixesha elide, okanye ukonakala imeko isigulana lizwana kufuneka bafune unyango olungxamisekileyo. Kufuneka kwakhona ngoko nangoko wathumela Ubhaqo esibhedlele kwizigulo ezifana ukukhohlela, impumlo esihambisayo kwimvelaphi lobushushu eliphezulu, nokuxutha, silale, ukugabha, ilahleko lomzimba uvakalelo.

Ngaba kufuneka ukuba agonye abantwana ipoliyo?

Le Mboniselo iinkxalabo kuphela abazali abatsha, kodwa izazinzulu nabaphandi zehlabathi. Ukwalelwa yokugonya iya kukhokelela bhubhane elikhulu-isikali esi sifo. Asimele silibale ukuba imiphumo yepoliyo kunokuba ntle kakhulu. Iingxaki ezininzi lixhaphakile eli sifo zezi: meningitis, yalityatya ngokwamathambo nesilima, yima uphuhliso, ukuphazamiseka luvo central (kuquka ukukhubazeka). Ukongeza, intsholongwane sisasazwa ngamathontsi emoyeni kunye neendlela ukutya, iindlela, ukukhusela usana ukususela ekusulelekeni akunakwenzeka. Kubonakala, umlinganiselo kuphela yothintelo kwesi sifo wokungagonywa, nangona ingozi ephantsi ngayo ezibi. Ngaba uyeke kwaye kwiziganeko ezinjalo njengoko ugonyo nezingacwangciselwanga ipoliyo. Loo umlinganiselo wenziwa kuphela ngenjongo zokuthintela izifo.

Izimo

Xa lokugonya ayikhuthazwa? Ezi Izimo eziphambili zezi:

• okanye isifo esosulelayo engapheliyo kwinqanaba oyingozi;
• iingxaki luvo ku nogonyo yangaphambili;
• immunodeficiency;
• izithako isici.

Ugonyo nxamnye sepoliyo: imithetho ugonyo

Ukwenzela ukunciphisa umngcipheko okhoyo yeengxaki emva kogonyo, kwakunye ukuphucula ukusebenza sokugonya, kufuneka enze ezinye iingcebiso:

• kokuba ugonyo kufuneka kusoloko bangenele uviwo lonyango;
• musani ukuba nidle nisele iyure enye phambi kokuba kwaye iyure enye emva logonyo OPV ;
• kwenyanga emva kogonyo ayikhuthazwa ukwandisa umthambo okanye ukutshintsha yokudla;
• ngaphandle kutyetyiswa enzima kunye nokutya okunamafutha (umama oncancisayo kufuneka kwakhona ukutya kwazo);
• emva kogonyo (iiveki 1-2) Kucetyiswa ukuba ukuphepha iindawo zoqhaphelo olukhulu zabantu.

Noba agonye umntwana ipoliyo? Lo mbuzo Akukho mpendulo ilula - kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kukho imingcipheko ethile. Ukwenza isigqibo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba isifo wathi kuyingozi kakhulu. Iingxaki emva usuleleko engabalulekanga "zasendle" abanentsholongwane kuba kakhulu, ukuya yokukhubazeka kunye nokufa.