Emngxunyeni omkhulukazi abamnyama embindini iMilky Way. emngxunyeni omnyama omkhulukazi kwi OJ 287 quasar

Kutshanje, inzululwazi iye yaziwa ngokuba ezithile yintoni emngxunyeni omnyama. Kodwa oosonzululwazi baye ngokulambisa kunye isenzeko wendalo iphela, bawa esekude, kakhulu kwaye zintsonkothe kakhulu elitsha: umngxuma omkhulukazi, apho abamnyama, yaye abanye ngegama, kodwa a emhlophe yabengezela. Kutheni? Kwaye ngenxa yokuba inkcazelo enjalo wanikwa embindini womnyele nganye, nto leyo uba no kukhanya. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukufumana apho, yaye ukongezelela omnyama, akukho nto iseleyo. Loluphi uhlobo puzzle le nto?

Memo malunga imigodi abamnyama

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba emngxunyeni elula emnyama - nto kanye khanya. Ngelo kwisigaba ethile ikhona imikhosi omxhuzulane baba ukwanda prohibitively, ngoxa radius kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Nangona ngaphambili inkwenkwezi "ivelise", yaye ekhula, kodwa ngoku imikhosi bebekelwa core yayo, waqalisa ukutsala onke amanye amacandelo. Iikona yayo "kuwa phantsi" kwi ziko, ukwakha nciphisa amandla Amazing kwaye lube emngxunyeni omnyama. Ezi "inkwenkwezi zangaphambili" akazange kukhanya, kwaye ngokupheleleyo izinto ngaphandle ezingabonakaliyo kwindalo iphela. Kodwa kakhulu ephawuleka njengoko ufunxe nje malunga nantoni ingena radius lwabo omxhuzulane. Akwaziwa oyena nobangela esinjalo esifaneleyo siganeko. Ngokusekelwe izibakala, nayiphi na umzimba womxhuzulane enkulu kangaka ngokoqobo batyumke. Kutshanje, Noko ke, kuphela fiction, kodwa izazinzulu babambelele ingcamango yokuba kunokuba uhlobo imigudu yesiqalo ukuhamba imigama emide.

Yintoni a quasar

Ezi mihlaba umngxuma omkhulukazi emnyama, ngamanye amazwi, le quasar. Oku ingundoqo kumnyele, leyo intsimi omxhuzulane super-enamandla obukhoyo ngeendleko ubunzima yayo (izigidi okanye iibhiliyoni izihlwele elanga). Umgaqo ukuyilwa mingxuma omkhulukazi nje oko akwenzeki ukuseka. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, isizathu sokuba yokuwa ezinjalo amafu abe kakhulu igesi, irhasi leyo tyaba kakhulu, yaye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Inguqulelo yesibini - le ukwenyuselwa kwabantu ezahlukeneyo encinane emnyama zinemingxuma, iinkwenkwezi namafu kwiziko eqhelekileyo womxhuzulane.

kumnyele wethu

Umngxuma omkhulukazi emnyama i embindini iMilky Way ingafuni ukufakwa kudidi enamandla kakhulu. Isibakala sokuba ngokwawo na isakhiwo ephotheneyo, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, wenza konke abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba kwisenzeko rhoqo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Ngenxa yoko, amandla omxhuzulane okunokuthi swi kuphela kwi quasar, njengoko zathi saa, kwaye ukusuka kolunye udini, uye ukunyuka engundoqo ngokulinganayo. Asinto kunzima ukuthelekelela ukuba kwimeko iminyele okweqanda okanye, yithini, mgaqweni, izinto ngenye indlela. Kwi i "ngaphandle" isithuba liphele kakhulu, langa neenkwenkwezi kunzima ukuhamba. Kodwa quasar ngokwayo ngokoqobo ubomi kwande.

Iparameters quasar Milky Way

Ukusebenzisa indlela Interferometry irediyo, abaphengululi bakwazi ukubala ubunzima emngxunyeni omkhulukazi emnyama, radius wayo, kwaye amandla omxhuzulane. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, quasar yethu dim amandla super ukubiza kube nzima, kodwa nkqu ngeenkwenkwezi abazange ukulindela ukuba kuza kubakho iziphumo oyinyaniso. Ngoko ke, Sagittarius A * (ekuthiwa-core) kuyalingana ukuya kwizigidi ezine izihlwele elanga. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuba data ezicacileyo, lo mngxuma emnyama nkqu ukufunxa mba kwaye izinto zibe eziyingqongileyo, hayi efudunyeziwe. Njengoko kwaqatshelwa ulwazi olunomdla: i quasar leyo ngokoqobo sokuvalwa amafu igesi, into leyo iphantsi kakhulu. Mhlawumbi, ngoku eqala nje ukufika kwe mingxuma omkhulukazi kumnyele wethu, yaye amawaka ezigidi zeminyaka iya kuba ingxilimbela eya kutsala nje iinkqubo iplanethi yethu, kodwa abanye, amaqela inkwenkwezi ezincinane.

ubunzima quasar wethu, izazinzulu ezininzi shaya encinane kangakanani okanye ungathanda mgama yayo. Enyanisweni, lo mgama zingaphunyezwa kwiminyaka embalwa omnye kwisiphekepheke mihla. Imilinganiselo emngxunyeni omkhulukazi emnyama lilikhulu kancinci nje umgama avareji ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya elangeni, kwaye iiyunithi ngeenkwenkwezi 1.2. radius omxhuzulane quasar izihlandlo 10 incinane ubukhulu engundoqo. Phantsi la magama, Kakade ke, lo mbandela asimsebenzi nje singulirovat de iqabele ngqo elundini siganeko.

izibakala ngamazwi

Galaxy Milky Way kokwabo kudidi abatsha amatsha izihloko star. Oku kungqinwa kuphela ubudala bayo, imilinganiselo kunye nendawo ababekwa kuyo isithuba kwimephu ezaziwayo umntu, kodwa amandla apho Unazo umngxuma omkhulukazi emnyama. Noko ke, njengoko kanti, parameters 'funny' ukuba nje izinto isithuba abatsha. A lot of quasars, leyo babe namandla engakholelekiyo nondiliseko, akumangalisi ukuba iimpahla zazo:

• umoya Eqhelekileyo idla ezixineneyo ngaphezu mingxuma omkhulukazi emnyama.
• Ukufumana elundini siganeko, umzimba akayi yiva imikhosi ngamaza amakhulu. Isibakala sokuba embindini sikhethekileyo linzulu ngokwaneleyo, yaye ukuze kufikelelwe kuyo, kuya kufuneka ukuba uhambe umgama omde, bengazi ukuba indlela emva ziya kuphela.

Giants yeNdawo Yonke

Enye yezinto ezininzi enkulu nabadala emajukujukwini imbobo omkhulukazi kwi quasar OJ 287. Kubaluleke yonke latsertidy, ibekwe lekroza of Cancer, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukuzibona eMhlabeni. Oku isekelwe kwinkqubo exananazileyo imingxuma emnyama, ngoko, kukho ezimbini esifaneleyo siganeko kunye neendawo ezimbini sikhethekileyo. Bug mafia inobunzima ubunzima sezigidi 18 billion, phantse ngathi Galaxy encinane ngokupheleleyo. Le esihamba naye emile, jikeleza kuphela izinto kuwa phakathi radius omxhuzulane. Inkqubo encinci inobunzima 100 million izihlwele solar, kwaye unalo ixesha reference, oko kukuthi iminyaka engama-12.

endaweni eyingozi

Galaxy OJ 287, kunye Milky Way, njengoko kwafumaniseka ukuba ngabamelwane - umgama phakathi kwabo zimalunga nesi-3.5 billion ukukhanya-iminyaka. Izazi musa wayesazi uguqulelo ukuba kwixa elizayo, ezi izidumbu ezimbini yesiqalo zingqubane, ezakha isakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo nkwenkwezi. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo nye, oko kukuthi ngenxa ukuhlangabezana kunye intshukumo ingxilimbela omxhuzulane ezinjalo yeenkqubo kweenkwenkwezi kumnyele wethu rhoqo ukhawulezisa, kunye neenkwenkwezi zibe shushu ngakumbi yaye bakhuthele ngakumbi.

imingxunya omkhulukazi abamnyama nabamhlophe ngokwenene

Ekuqaleni kweli nqaku ndakhuliswa yobuzaza kunene: umbala apho kuthi koyena quasars hocks, kunganzima ukuba kuthiwe emnyama. Ukuze ngeliso lenyama nkqu imifanekiso ezininzi nabalulamileyo nawuphi Galaxy kunokubonwa ukuba iziko layo - litshatshazi elifuna enkulu emhlophe. Kutheni, ke ngoko, siyakholwa ukuba emngxunyeni omkhulukazi emnyama? Ifoto ethathiweyo ngokusebenzisa ngeeteleskopu kusibonisa Sisihloko enkulu yeenkwenkwezi etsala i core. Iiplanethi izijikelezi ukuba ukujikeleza kufutshane, ngenxa kufutshane ukubonakalisa, ngaloo ndlela phinda bonke ababekho kufuphi ukukhanya. Ekubeni quasars azizaliswanga kwimali kuzo umbane ngesantya zonke izinto ezikufuphi, kodwa abagcine kuphela radius omxhuzulane, bona musa shwaka, uqale evutha ngakumbi, kuba iqondo lobushushu likhula ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko le mingxuma abamnyama eziqhelekileyo ezikhoyo emajukujukwini, igama labo kuvunyiwe ngokupheleleyo. Imilinganiselo mancinane kakhulu, kodwa amandla womxhuzulane kakhulu. Nje "badla" ukukhanya, kungekhona kukuyeka kweendonga zayo omnye photon.

Zabe umngxuma omkhulukazi emnyama

Gargantua - zoluntu elithi baba ngokubanzi lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela imingxunya abamnyama emva izikrini le film "oluphakathi". Ukukhangela ngokusebenzisa lo mfanekiso, kuye kube nzima ukuqonda ukuba kutheni bekhethe eli gama nalapho udibaniso. Kodwa mzekelo yokuqala, saceba ukwenza imingxuma abathathu abamnyama, ezimbini eziya kuba ndandithwele amagama Gargantua kunye Pantagruel, ezithatyathwe inoveli satirical yi Fransua Rable. Emva kokuba utshintsho kwakukho omnye kuphela "mngxuma umvundla" ukubonisa ukuba igama lokuqala wakhethwa. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba filimu ubonisa umngxuma emnyama kangangoko ngendlela esengqiqweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oko kukuthi, uyilo bembonakalo yayo yayingakwazi Isazinzulu kip Thorne, leyo yayisekelwe ukufunda iimpawu zezi imizimba yesiqalo.

Njengoko sele sifundile malunga imingxuma emnyama?

Ukuba hayi kwithiyori kwezinto, yaphakanyiswa Albertom Eynshteynom ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, akukho namnye mhlawumbi ubengayi ingqalelo ezi zinto angaqondakali. emngxunyeni omkhulukazi emnyama kuya kuthathwa Sisihloko eziqhelekileyo iinkwenkwezi embindini kumnyele, kwaye nabaqhelekileyo,, ngaba uye amancinci emoyeni. Kodwa namhlanje, ngenxa ukubala sethiyori imigqaliselo, leyo ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwabo, singakwazi ukubona isenzeko, njengoko ugobile isithuba-ixesha. oosonzululwazi Modern bathi ukufumana i "umvundla umngxuma" akunzima kangako. Ehlabathini mba into uziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga, akuyi siyehla kuphela, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha uba. Ehlabathini dot emnyama kwasekwa umqhele Kukhazimlayo zibonakale ngokusebenzisa iteleskopu. Kwiinkalo ezininzi uhlobo imingxuma emnyama kusinceda siqonde imbali lokusekwa iphela. Kwiziko labo kwinqanaba lokuba sikhethekileyo, esifana apho ngaphambili yaqulunqa ihlabathi lonke abasingqongileyo.

Akwaziwa into eya kwenzeka kumntu oya kuwela kunina siganeko. nokuba othile yayo womxhuzulane, okanye nokuba bekuya kuba kwindawo eyahlukileyo kakhulu? Into kuphela ukuba kuthiwe ngokuqiniseka okuphelele - gargantuan ukucola ixesha, kwaye ngaxa ezinye esandleni ilixa kanye nabo bonke stop.