UIsake Azimov: imithetho emithathu ye-robotics

Abantu bezizukulwana ngezizukulwana bahlala bekhathazekile ngombuzo othi: "Liliphi ikamva elilindeleyo?" Ngokuqhelekileyo, kucingwa kwimeko yomntu othile kunye nabantwana bakhe. Kodwa kukho uluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwabemi abakhathazayo malunga nefuthe lempucuko kunye nethuba lokuphuhliswa kwalo.

Zininzi iingqondo zifuna impendulo yalo mbuzo ovuthayo! Izazinzulu, izazi-mlando, izazifilosofi, abalobi, iinkokeli zonqulo kunye nabalandeli be- quantum mechanics bayakha izibikezelo zabo kunye nokuqikelela. Ingcamango yecala yecala yafunyanwa kwimisebenzi yakhe ngu-Isaac Asimov - inzululwazi enkulu yesayensi kunye ne-popularizer.

UIsake uAsmov - unobhala wezesayensi ogqithiseleyo onyanisekileyo wekhulu lama-20

Kwesinye isixeko saseSmolensk esingaphandle kwe-RSFSR wazalwa yinkwenkwe kaIsake (igama langempela lomlobi). Emva kweminyaka emithathu, intsapho yamaYuda kaIsake yafudukela eMelika. Ama-Asimovs ahlala kwelinye lezithili zaseNew York, eBrighton Beach. Olunye igama - "Odessa elincinci", le ndawo yayisisigxina ngabantu abavela eRashiya.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, le nkwenkwe ikhulise isiNgesi nesiYiddish. Iimbono zakhe zehlabathi zenziwe iincwadi, ingakumbi imisebenzi kaSholem Aleichem. Inkwenkwe yayakhula ngokucacileyo inako kwaye inomdla. Ngoko ke, waphumelela ngokuphumelelayo kwi- University of Columbia yaseNew York eneganga kwikhemistry. Ngo-1942, uIsake waya ePhiladelphia, apho intlanganiso yakhe enomdla noRobert Heinlein yenzeka. Emva koko, imithetho emithathu ye-robotics yenziwe ngumlobi.

Indlela yokudala

Umbhali owenzile le mithetho emithathu ye-robotics ngokungenakuqinisekileyo umntu oyingqayizivele. UAsimov ngumlobi weencwadi ezingaphezu kwamahlanu, kwaye akazange abhale inzululwazi kuphela. Kwimpahla yakhe yehlaziyiyo, umcuphi kwaye usebenza kwimpumelelo.

Ukongeza kwithenda yakhe ebhaliweyo yokubhala, uAsimov wayengumntu ophuhlisiwe ngokupheleleyo, engekho phantsi kwenkolo. Wayeyazi imbali, ingqondo, i-chemistry kunye neenkwenkwezi ngokugqibeleleyo. Ukuqonda kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi, kunye nefantasy efanelekileyo, kwakha iingcamango ezininzi ezinomdla. Enye yazo ingqondo ye-psychohistory, isayensi esinika ubungakanani obubanzi bokucinga. I-Azimov yayisasaza inzululwazi phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo: wachaza izinto ezinzima ngeelwimi elula.

Sihamba ngeBhayibhile kunye neAsiv

Ukongeza kwiincwadi ezidumileyo kwi- science fiction, sincoma ukufunda "Isikhokelo seBhayibhile". Le ncwadi ibhaliwe, iyayinolwazi kwaye inomdla. Emva kokuyifunda ekhanda lam, ulwazi lusetyenziswe ngobuninzi kwincwadi efundwa kakhulu kunazo zonke. Ngaphezulu, funda ngemithetho emithathu ye-robotics, eyakhiwe ngumlobi oyinyaniso waseMelika oyinyaniso.

Imfuneko yokufunwa kwemithetho eqhelekileyo

Akunakutsholwa ukuthi i-Azimov ngesizathu asizange ithathe kwaye yakha imithetho emithathu ye-robotics. Umntu ochaphazelekayo kwixesha apho ehlala khona; Iimpawu zenziwe yintsapho kunye noluntu (oku kudlalwa indima ebalulekileyo).

Ulutsha luka-Azimov lwadlula ngexesha lophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwenzululwazi kunye nobuchwephesha, phakathi kwabantu abafundiswayo kunye neengcinga ezintsha. Ezi zinto zibini zibeke umxholo othile wehlabathi. Nguye oye waba negalelo ekubonakalisweni kwakhe kwimpucuko, ekukhokeni kwezinye iindidi zobomi kwindalo yonke kunye neerobhothi ezingabancedisa abantu.

Imithetho emithathu ye-robotics yayingenziwa kuphela yindoda yeminyaka yezoshishino. Kwaye, oku, kuyaqondakala. Kwaye yaba ngu-Isaac Asimov (imithetho emithathu ye-robotics ichazwe kwisahluko esilandelayo). Indlela evakala ngayo kwaye yintoni isisiseko sayo, - malunga nale nto.

Imithetho emithathu ye-robotics: yintoni inqaku?

Ngethuba lokuqala imithetho yemveli ibonakala kumjikelezo we-Asimov "Kwiebhothi". Unomdla kakhulu, zifakwe kwibali elimnandi "iHorovod."

Emva kokudala abancedisi abaxhamli be-robotic, umntu ongabonakaliyo uyabanika inxalenye yengqondo yakhe. Mhlawumbi imeko (echazwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiincwadi nakwiifilimu), xa oomatshini bokucinga befumana igunya phezu kwabadali babo. Yingakho imithetho yokukhawulela iirobhothi iyadingeka.

Imithetho engqongqo ye-robotics?

Ngethuba lakhe lokudala, u-Azimov waphatha ngokuthe ngqo imithetho ebekwe. Kwiibali zokuqala zomjikelezo "Ngokuphathelele imirobhothi" Imithetho iyafana nemithetho yokhuseleko okanye impendulo kumbuzo omhle: "Indlela yokuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo nebhobhothi?"

Kwiimbali ezalandelayo, i-Azimov ikholelwa ukuba iMithetho iyingxenye yesicwangciso seemathematika sebhoti ye-positron yengqondo. Ukufana neentetho zomntu. Ngokubizwa kohlobo lwaloo ndlela i-robot eyenza inzuzo yomntu - iyamsiza ngemisebenzi enzima kwaye iphulaphula imiyalelo yakhe.

Ukutolika kwendalo

U-Azimov ngokuyinhloko ungumlobi wezesayensi. Imithetho emithathu ye-robotics, ngokungaqhelekanga, ifanele imigaqo yeenkqubo ezininzi zokuziphatha zomhlaba. Ukuba ucinga ngezi zivakalisi ezintathu, ixabiso elifanelekileyo lehlabathi likhoyo .

Umbhali ngokwakhe kwibali elithi "Ulica", elipapashwe ngo-1946, linikezela ukulungiswa kwabo. USusan, umlingisi obalaseleyo webali, ufika kwizigqibo eziziintloko ezintathu:

• Kuqhelekile ukuba umntu oqhelekileyo angabalimazi abanye abantu. Ngaphandle kwenye indawo. Umzekelo, ngexesha lemfazwe umntu kufuneka akhusele ubomi bakhe, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukugcina abanye abantu.
• Ukuziva unoxanduva kuluntu, umntu owaziyo uyazalisekisa iziphakamiso zabantu abanegunya - oogqirha, ootitshala, iinkokeli.
• Wonke umntu uyakhathalela ukhuseleko lwempilo yabo yengqondo nengqondo, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Kunzima ukuchasana nokutyhilwa kwimiyalelo ye-Azimov. Kucacile ukuba lowo olandela le mithetho elula ebomini ngumntu olungileyo.

Iziprofeto zika-Isaac Asimov

Ingxoxo eninzi kwaye inomdla ingenziwa malunga nemithetho emithathu ye-robotics. Sithetha ngoku ukubikezela kwe-Azimov. Ewe, lo mntu oyingqayizivele wayebandakanyekile kwixesha elizayo kwaye ngokuphumelelayo, njengoko namhlanje kubonisa. Ngowe-1964, eNew York, umbhali wenzululwazi yezobuxoki wabelana nombono wakhe wehlabathi kuluntu kwiminyaka engama-50. Ngoko, iziganeko eziphambili ze-Azimov:

• Izixhobo zombane ziza kusindisa abantu kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Kuya kuba nezixhobo ezenza ikhofi ngokwabo kwaye ziguqule isonka esibhakabhakeni kwisinkwa. Kwenzeka.
• Ubugcisa buya kuhamba phambili. Kuza kuba nethuba lokubona umnxibelelwano wakho ngethuba lencoko yocingo; Kuya kuba nako ukufundela amaxwebhu angqongqo ngqo kwisikrini segadget yakho. Kwenzeke (iteknoloji "Skype" kunye neefowuni zevidiyo kwiifowuni).
• IiRobhothi ziya kungena ebomini bomntu oqhelekileyo, kwaye ezininzi izixhobo zombane ziza kusebenza ngaphandle kweencingo, ngenxa yeebhetri ezinamandla. Kuye kwenzeka (abantu abaninzi baye basebenzisa ii-robotic vacuum cleaners, iifowuni kunye namacwecwe asebenza ngokuzimela ixesha elide).
• Inani labemi bomhlaba liza kuba ngabemi basezigidi ezili-6.5, amawaka angama-350 ama-United States. Amandla kweli hlabathi aya kufuneka acinge ngeendlela zokuziphatha zokuzalwa, mhlawumbi uMhlaba uza kuba nguManhattan oqhubekayo. 2014 iya kuba yintshintsho yokuphucula abantu. Ngokwengxenye yabona (abantu behlabathi ngo-2014 - 7.046 biliyoni, kunye ne-US-314 yezigidigidi, ngo-2014 yayinomdla kakhulu, kunzima ukugweba ukuphuka, kuya kubonisa ixesha).
• Ukubethwa kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ebantwini. Abantu abaninzi baya kuqala ukufumana le nkxwaleko yokomoya. Ngako-ke, ngo-2014, i-psychiatry iya kuba yinye yezona zikhokelo ezibalulekileyo zezokwelapha. Izalisekile ... Ukuguquguquka kwemizi (i-cyclotomy ngendlela yenzululwazi) kubantu abaninzi baye bahlala beyinto evamile. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi baye bafunda ukujongana nale nto ngempumelelo.

U-Isaac Asimov, imithetho emithathu ye-robotics kunye nenzululwazi yezinto eziyingqungquthela i-triad inikezela ukukhangeleka okukhangayo kwihlabathi elizayo.