Ukugula Decompression (isifo caisson): Unyango, oonobangela, iimpawu, uthintelo

Njengoko yaziwa, umahluko womoya kuchaphazela impilo yomntu. Oku bavule abantu babekuthanda enyuka intaba okanye nzulu phantsi kwamanzi. Ukunciphisa bume womoya ixesha elifutshane ngokuqhelekileyo into ezingahambi ukuphazamiseka kakhulu emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ithuba elide kwi "akhutshelwe" umoya kuyingozi kakhulu. Abanye abantu ukuphuhlisa le meko njengoko kugula decompression ngexesha amathontsi uxinzelelo ngequbuliso. Ubungqongqo imeko emiselwe ubungakanani sesichengeni kwabantu, imikhosi ibakhusela kumzimba, kwakunye ukwamkelwa kwangethuba amanyathelo ugqirha. Nangona yokuba ukugula decompression decompression kwiimeko ezininzi inganyangeka, kukho iimeko ezininzi zokufa. Unxibelelwano womoya nale ngezifo iye yasekwa ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-17, izazinzulu Boyle. Kunjalo, le meko zonyango bafunda kude kube ngoku.

Yintoni isifo decompression?

Le pathology ezinxulumene neziphumo zemisebenzi eziyingozi emzimbeni. Nangona isibakala sokuba Boyle yenye izazinzulu yokuqala ukuseka ubudlelwane phakathi ukuhla womoya kunye notshintsho ancedisana zezinto eziphilayo (iinyoka lweliso lakho), ukugula decompression yaziwe ehlabathini kude kakhulu kamva. Oku kwenzeka kwinkulungwane ye-19, xa iimpompo umoya yokuqala kunye caissons yasungulwa. Nangona ngezifo baqala ukubiza ubungozi yobungcali. Abantu abasebenza iimeko komoya zixinaniswe ukuze kwakhiwe kwitonela phantsi kwamanzi, ekuqaleni akazange isaziso naluphi na utshintsho. isimo jikelele imandundu livele ngexesha xa womoya liye lancitshiswa amaxabiso yesiqhelo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-ngezifo ligama yesibini - isifo caisson. Ubunzulu amaqela iphambili le meko, kuba yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba kukho waphawula ephilayo xi wethu ophezulu. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo ukuphakama. Njengoko ukuba iimpawu imeko zophendlo lwezifo ivele kwi ukuhla kuxinzelelo (ukusuka phezulu ukuya kwixabiso aphantsi), uphethwe nzima ukuba nonolwazi.

Ngubani banazo ukugula decompression?

isifo Caisson ayenzeki ngesiquphe kwaye kungekho sizathu. Kukho iqela umngcipheko - oko kukuthi, abantu abakhuselekanga kwesi sifo. Imisebenzi ye aba bantu kufuneka ezinxulumene ngqo utshintsho womoya. Ngaphambili, esi sifo boniswa ukuya kubasebenzi caisson kunye mountaineers. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, iqela umngcipheko nokwanda kakhulu - oko yaqala kwakhona ukuthwala oosomajukujuku, abaqhubi kunye iefa. Nangona isibakala sokuba data urhwebo ziyingozi, kugula decompression ayikho eqhelekileyo. Ichaphazela kuphela abo sityeshele ukhuseleko okanye ubungozi. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi ziphumo inkanuko zilandelayo:

1. Linyuke nokuhamba kwegazi ngomzimba. Oku kwenzeka xa emzimbeni kunye sesichengeni. Le linyuke yokumpompoza kwegazi waphawula ngexesha ukwaluphala kunye nesifo sentliziyo.
2. Blood ukubunjwa imimandla noxinzelelo lifinyele. Le nto ihamba imbonakalo amaqamza amancinci. Imiba yomngcipheko ebangela le meko umsebenzi ngokugqithiseleyo emzimbeni phambi kokuba diving emanzini okanye nokuvusa ukuphakama.
3. komzimba Ukwandiswa. Le yenye into igalelo nokwanda igazi kwi amaqamza.
4. Ukwamkela iziselo ezinxilisayo phambi kokuba singene okanye ukunyuka ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo. Utywala ikhuthaza ezo amaqamza amancinci, ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza ubukhulu zabo.

Ukuphakama ukugula decompression: indlela yophuhliso

Njengoko yaziwa ukusuka imithetho physics, uxinzelelo umoya iphembelela ukunyibilika yeegesi lulwelo. Lo mgaqo zavela Scientist Henry. Ngokutsho ukuba izityholo zakhe, oluphezulu uxinzelelo okukufutshane, kokukhona kungcono igesi enyibilikayo kwinto engamanzi. Njengoko lo mthetho, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukugqiba ngelithi, njenge nokuphuhlisa isifo decompression kubantu abo ngokugabadelayo. Kolu beko elide kummandla ka phezulu emoyeni koxinzelelo yabaqhubi umzimba kunye oosomajukujuku kunye mountaineers babeqhele kule meko. Ngoko ke, ekuhleni ukuba umoya oqhelekileyo kuthi ibanika ukonakala elibukhali. Ngenxa ukuhla uxinzelelo yeegesi wegazi ziqala ukunyibilikisa mbi, sihlanganisana amaqamza. Le decompression isifo decompression esiyingozi yabaqhubi yaye ngoba? Le amaqamza abunjwe egazini angandiswa ngobukhulu ukuvala isitya, ngaloo ndlela ebangela izicwili necrosis kwisiza. Ukongeza, bakholisa ukuhamba ngawo umzimba kwaye ufake kwemithambo zibalulekile ngemithambo (Cerebral, coronary, pulmonary). Ezi maqamza asebenze emboli, okanye ihlwili igazi ezinokubangela nje yanyhashwa karhulumente, kodwa ebulalayo.

Uphuhliso isifo decompression ngendawo

Decompression yokugula ngezifo na indlela ezifanayo zophuhliso. Ngenxa yokuba xa enkulu iinzulu womoya ingaphezulu kwe phezu komhlaba kunye ukuhla elibukhali bayo zalo egazini baqalise ukuyichitha kakubi. Noko ke, ngokuhambisana nokhuseleko kunye nokungabikho imiba zobungozi uya kuziphepha. Diver ukugula decompression wayengekho uyagula, le miqathango ilandelayo iyimfuneko:

1. Sebenzisa le itankana ioksijini, leyo iqulathe umxube igesi efunekayo, ukunciphisa ucinezelo kwi kubunzulu.
2. Ukwanda kancinane emhlabeni. Kukho ubuchule ezikhethekileyo, ukuqeqesha neentlambululo ukuba ukuloba ngaphandle eyiyo ukusuka ezantsi. Ngenxa yokwanda ngokuthe ngcembe kwinqanaba nitrogen reduced igazi, ngoko ke maqamza ayakhekanga.
3. Ukwanda kule bathyscaphe - capsule ekhethekileyo evaliweyo. It ikuvumela ukuba ukuthintela xi drop elibukhali.
4. Desaturation ezingontsini decompression ekhethekileyo. Ngenxa ukususwa nitrogen esuka umzimba akuthethi ukuba kukwehla ukunyibilika zegesi igazi.

Types of isifo decompression

Kukho 2 iintlobo zokugula decompression. Bona yohlulwe nendlela eyafunyanwa ngayo iimpahla amaqamza. Ngako oko, ngamnye kubo luphawulwa kolwalo clinical. Xa bend 1 uhlobo igesi iqokelelane apha emithanjeni ezincinane, yegazi kunye imithambo unikeze igazi eluswini, izihlunu kunye namalungu. Ngaphezu koko, amaqamza bangaqokelela nasezimpahleni emithanjeni.

Kwamanzi nokuphakama decompression isifo type 2 kuyingozi kakhulu. Xa siwela iimpahla emboli zerhasi intliziyo, imiphunga, ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. La maqumrhu zibalulekile, ke ngoko, besaphula kubo babe nesimilo kakhulu.

picture clinical

Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango lwesifo ixhomekeka kuhlobo isikepe usindwa amaqamza. iimpawu ezifana ukurhawuzelela, ukunwaya, iintlungu kwizihlunu kunye namalungu, kubi xa ekuguquleni umzimba, ukuhamba, saziwe uhlobo 1 decompression ukugula. Ngoko kubonakala isifo decompression gingxi. Iimpawu uphawu Type 2 kuyingozi kakhulu ngakumbi. Ukuba kuchaphazela iimpahla ingqondo isenokuba ezibonisa lwezonyango zilandelayo: ilahleko yentsimi olubonakalayo, yehlisa namandla aso, isiyezi, kabini izinto emehlweni, ikhalisa ezindlebeni. Embolism Uqhaqho wabonakalisa angina kwakunye nokubamba-bamba umphefumlo. Ukuba ichaphazela iimpahla pulmonary kunye amaqamza amancinci waphawula ekhohlela, ukomiwa, bamba umphefumlo. Zonke ezi mpawu mava ukuba wononophelo zokugula decompression. Kwiimeko kakhulu ngakumbi, kukho ukuphazamiseka ezibalulekileyo yegazi apho lunokubulala.

Ebukhulwini bend

Ukwahlula degree inobulali, aphakathi kunye kakhulu zokugula decompression. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukwanda kokungazinzi kancinane kwaye reversibly ngexeshana elifutshane. Nobulali Lubonakala ngenxa yokuswela amandla, izihlunu kunye neentlungu elifeza kwenzeka ngamaxesha, pruritus kunye njengamaqhakuva emzimbeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ziganeko zenzeka ngcembe yaye kuphela. Xa aqine oluphakathi kukho Kukwaphula ebonakalayo. Ubuhlungu kwamalungu kunye nezihlunu rhoqo yaye kuya iqina ngakumbi, uzibandakanya ukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhohlela, mizwa ekhathazayo entliziyweni, iimpawu luvo. Le fom ifuna unyango ngokungxamisekileyo. isifo caisson ezimandundu wabonakalaliswa ukuxinezeleka ebalulekileyo zemiphunga, ukuphazamiseka wokuchama, ukukhubazeka kunye paresis, iposi engabalulekanga kunye ezifana. D. To ngesibetho esibulalayo kungabangela izitya ezinkulu ingqondo, kunye Embolism nezengekho miphungeni.

Uxilongo ukugula decompression

Uxilongo ukugula decompression ayikho into enkulu, ekubeni ngezifo kuphuhliswa kwiiyure yokuqala emva kokunyuka ukusuka ubunzulu okanye kokwehla. Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango ikuvumela ukuba kuhlolwe kakuhle imeko yabantu kwiimeko ezininzi. Ukuba ukrokrela ilahleko izitya eliphakathi elikhulu kufuneka iindlela negalelo iimviwo. Ingakumbi kubalulekile angiography coronary, MRI yobuchopho, ultrasound imithambo yegazi kweqondo.

uxilongo X-ray kwi bend

Xa isifo decompression ngomlinganiselo esiqatha ivame amathambo namalungu. Kwezinye iimeko, umnqonqo kwaye inxaxheba kule nkqubo. X-reyi indlela yophando ivumela uxilongo echanekileyo isifo decompression. Kukho utshintsho zilandelayo inkqubo osteoarticular: izahlulo ephakanyiswe okanye calcification Ukuqina, ngokutshintsha imilo omqolo (ukwandisa olawulo kunye nokwehlisa ukuphakama) - brevispondilii. Ukuba oku drives bunjalo. Ukuba inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo ezibandakanyekayo kunye umnqonqo, kunokwenzeka ukuba bona it calcifications, njengesilinda iqokobhe okanye ilifu.

Unyango lokugula decompression

Khumbula ukuba ngoncedo kwangexesha ukuze isifo decompression sinokunyangeka ngo-80% yamatyala. Kuba oku amagumbi eyodwa hyperbaric asetyenziswa, oluqhutywa phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu oxygen unikezelo. Enkosi kubo umzimba usekuhleni recompression ne-nitrogen amasuntswana ziyasuswa egazini. Uxinzelelo egumbini ukuba licuthwa ngokucuthwa ukuze isigulane njengoko liye lakwazi ukuzivumelanisa iimeko ezintsha. ukwenza Xa iimeko zikaxakeka kuyimfuneko phandle bazamile, ukuqala ukuhamba oxygen "olunyulu" esebenzisa imaski.

Uthintelo lokugula decompression

Ukuthintela uphuhliso isifo decompression, kufuneka ubambelela imiyalelo yokhuseleko kubunzulu kunye phezulu emoyeni. Ngexesha ekhwela ephuma emanzini ukwenza zokumisa ukuze umzimba enokumelana ka womoya. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba asebenzise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - isuti yokuntywila kunye namatanki ioksijini.