Ukulingana kwamakhemikhali: indlela yokusombulula ngokuthe ngempumelelo

I-equation yamakhemikhali ingabizwa ngokuba yindlela yokubonakalisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali usebenzisa iimpawu zeemathematika kunye namafomula ekhemikhali. Le nyathelo ibonakalisa indlela esabela ngayo, ngexesha lezinto ezintsha ezibonakalayo.

Imisebenzi yamachiza: iindidi

Ukulingana kwamakhemikhali kukulandelelana kweempendulo zamakhemikhali. Zisekelwe kumthetho wolondolozo lobuninzi bezinto. Kukho ezimbini iintlobo zempendulo:

• Izixhobo - ezi ziquka ukutshintsha indawo (ukutshintshwa kwee-athomu zento eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nama-athomu ama-reagents alula), utshintshiselwano (ukutshintshwa kunye nezakhi zombini izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi), ukungathathi hlangothi (ukuphendula kwamacidi kunye neziseko, ukwakheka ityuwa kunye namanzi).
• Izigqibo - ukubunjwa kwezinto ezimbini okanye eziyinkimbinkimbi okanye ezilula ezivela kwisakhiwo esisodwa, kodwa ukubunjwa kwazo kulula.

Ukuphendula kweMichiza kukwahlulwa kwakhona kwiindidi: ukugqithisa (kubakho ngokukhutshwa kwentsha) kunye nokuphela kwelanga (ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu).

Indlela yokusombulula ukulingana kweempendulo zamakhemikhali

Lo mbuzo uyabakhathalela abafundi abaninzi. Sinikeza iingcebiso ezimbalwa eziza kukunceda ufunde ukucombulula ukulingana kwamakhemikhali:

• Unqwenela ukuqonda nokuqonda. Awukwazi ukuphambukela kwiinjongo zakho.
• Ulwazi lolwazi. Ngaphandle kwabo, akunakwenzeka ukuqulunqa i-formula yaseprayimari yekomidi.
• Ukuchaneka kokurekhoda ingxaki yeekhemikhali - nokuba nephutha elincinane kule meko liya kuphelisa yonke imizamo yakho ekusombululeni.

Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba inkqubo yokuxazulula ukulingana kwamakhemikhali ngokwayo iyakuthanda. Emva koko ukulingana kwamakhemikhali (indlela yokuyicombulula kunye nento enokukhumbula ngayo, siza kuxubusha kweli nqaku) kuya kuphelisa ukuba yingxaki kuwe.

Iingxaki ezixazululwe ngokusebenzisa ukulingana kweempendulo zamakhemikhali

Imisebenzi enjalo iquka:

• Ukuzimisela kobunzima bequmrhu ngumbumba othile wesinye isistim.
• Izabelo zokudibanisa "i-mole-mole".
• Izibalo ze-"volume-mole" inhlanganisela.
• Imizekelo ngokusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "ngokweqile".
• Izibalo usebenzisa i-reagents, enye yeyona nto ayinayo ukungcola.
• Imisebenzi yokutshatyalaliswa kwempembelelo yempendulo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwemveliso.
• Imisebenzi yokufumana ifom.
• Iingxaki apho ama-reagents anikezelwa ngeendlela zesisombululo.
• Imisebenzi equkethe imixube.

Ngolunye lweentlobo zemisebenzi kufaka iincinci eziningana, ezidla ngokuxutyushwa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zokuqala zezikolo zesayensi.

Ukulingana kweekhemikhali: indlela yokusombulula

Kukho i-algorithm encedisa ukujamelana nayo nayiphi na imisebenzi evela kule nzululwazi nzima. Ukuqonda indlela yokujongana kakuhle nokulingana kwamakhemikhali, kufuneka uhambelane nomzekelo othile:

• Xa ubhala i-equation equation, ungalibali ukuhlela ama-coefficients.
• Misela indlela onokufumana ngayo idatha engaziwayo.
• Ukuchaneka kwesicelo kwifom ekhethiweyo yokulinganisela okanye ukusebenzisa igama "ubuninzi bezinto".
• Naka ingqalelo kwiiyunithi zokulinganisa.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukujonga ingxaki. Kwiinkqubo zokusombulula, ungavuma iphutha eliphambili elichaphazela isiphumo sesigqibo.

Imigaqo ebalulekileyo yokuqulunqwa kwemilinganiselo yamakhemikhali

Ukuba ulandela ulandelelwano oluchanekileyo, ngoko umbuzo woluphi ulinganiso lwamakhemikhali, ukuba ungayisombulula njani, awuyi kukukhathaza:

• Iifomula zezinto ezifaka ukungenelela (izigulane) zibhalwa kwicala lasekhohlo lokulingana.
• Iifomula zezinto ezakhiweyo ngenxa yempendulo, zibhaliwe kakade kwicala elifanelekileyo le-equation.

Ukuqulunqwa kwe-equation equation kusekelwe kumthetho wolondolozo lwezinto ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, macala omabini alinganayo kufuneka alingane, oko kukuthi, nenani elifanayo lee-athomu. Oku kuya kufumaneka ukuba ii-coefficients zilungiswe kakuhle phambi kwefomula zezinto.

Ukulungiswa kwee-coefficients kwi-chemical equation

I-algorithm yokulungiselela i-coefficients ilandelayo:

• Ukubala kwicala lasekhohlo kunye nelungelo lokulingana kwee-athomu nganye kwento.
• Ukunqunywa kwenani elifaniyo lee-athomu kwindawo. Kufuneka kwakhona ufumane i-NOK.
• Ii-coefficients zifumaneka ngokuhlula i-NO. Kwiingqungquthela. Qinisekisa ukubeka la manani phambi kwamafomula.
• Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuphinda uhlaziye inani lee-athomu. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukuphinda isenzo.

Ukulingana kwamalungu e-chemical reaction reaction kwenzeka ngoncedo lwama-coefficients. Ukubalwa kwamanqaku kwenziwe nge-valence.

Ukuze uqokelele ngempumelelo kwaye uphendule ukulingana kwamakhemikhali, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela iipropati zomzimba zezinto ezinjengomthamo, ubuninzi, ubunzima. Kufuneka kwakhona ukwazi isimo senkqubo yokuphendula (ukuxubusha, izinga lokushisa, uxinzelelo), ukuqonda iiyunithi zokulinganisa ezi zininzi.

Ukuqonda umbuzo woluphi ulinganiso lwamakhemikhali, indlela yokuyicombulula ngayo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa imithetho engundoqo kunye neengcamango zesayensi. Ukuze ubale ngokuphumelelayo ezo ngxaki, kufuneka ukhumbule okanye ujonge izakhono zemisebenzi yemathematika, ukwazi ukwenza izenzo kunye namanani. Siyathemba, kunye neengcebiso zethu, kuya kuba lula kuwe ukuhlangabezana nokulingana kwamakhemikhali.