Umde ode kunayo i-equator

Imfuno yokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo indawo kwindawo yomhlaba yezinto zayo kunye neenxa zonke eziye zichaphazeleka ngokukhethekileyo kumntu ngokuqala kokuhlola okusebenzayo kwiplanethi.
Ukulungelelaniswa kweendawo-ububanzi nobude - zichongiwe ngongoma we-intersection yeendlela ezimbini zokucinga - ukufana kunye ne-meridian. Umde ode kakhulu, apho ububanzi buqala ukubala khona, yi-equator.

Imvelaphi yegama

Umgca wokucinga, owenziwe kumhlaba wehlabathi, ukhankanya kumgama olinganayo ukusuka kwizibonda zombini, uhlukanisa umhlaba ube ngama-hemispheres amabini, ii-hemispheres ezimbini. Ilizwi egameni lomngcele onjalo lusempembelelo yasendulo. IsiLatini "umququzeleli", umlinganiso, senziwa kwisenzi esithi "aequō" - ukulinganisa. Ngomsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe, i "equator" ivela kwisiJamani, ukusuka kwi-Äquator.

Eli gama linentsingiselo ebanzi. Kwi-geometry, umzimba ongu-three-dimensional, ophethe i-axis efanayo kunye ne-symmetry plane, unomlinganiso wayo, umgama ode kakhulu-umda we-body of body given with plan of symmetry. I-astronomy iyayazi i-equator equestial, equator magnetic yeplanethi okanye iinkwenkwezi.

Umhlaba yi geoid

Inkolelo yokuba uMhlaba unesimo sediski yiplati yabuza kuphela ngabaphengululi bamaGrike. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX kwacaca ukuba ukuma kwiplanethi yethu akuyona nje ibhola elifanelekileyo, kodwa umzimba oyingqayizivele wokujikeleza - i-geoid, ephakamileyo apho izinto ezininzi zichaphazela khona - ukusuka kumandla okukrola ukuya "emoyeni". Amanqaku amabini we geoid anqunywe yi-axis yokujikeleza kwayo-iNyakatho kunye nePole yaseMzantsi. Umgama olinganayo ukusuka kubo ubude obude kunabo bonke emhlabeni, "inqanaba" yasemhlabeni yi-equator.

Kodwa i-geoid ayifanelekanga, kodwa imele ichaze ukuma kwiplanethi. Ngaloo nto bekuya kubakho iintaba kunye nemingxuma, ukuba kwakukho indawo epholileyo, engaphazamisekiyo yehlabathi elwandle. Eli nqanaba lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhanjisweni nase-geodesy - ibika malunga namanqaku ahambelanayo ngezinto zobunjineli kunye nezinto zobunjineli.

Ubude be-equator

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yiyiphi enye ifane kakhulu, enye inokusebenzisa ixabiso lekhonkrithi yee-geometrical measurements of geoid. Umda we-equator, njengesangqa, "uhanjiswe" phezu komhlaba womhlaba, ulingana nomda womhlaba. Imilinganiselo echanekileyo ibonisa ukuba le parameter ihluke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeplanethi - i-radius radius ingama-21.3 km ngaphantsi kwe-radiat equus. Inani elilinganiselweyo liyi 6,371 km

Ngohlobo lwe-circumference - 2πR - kunokwenzeka ukubala ubude be-equator. Imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ye-geophysical ichaza amanani ahlukeneyo malunga ne-3 m, ngokwemitha-4,475 km. Ubungakanani bendawo ejikelezayo kwi-meridiya i-40,007 km, ebonisa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zejometri ze-geoid.

Ulungelo lweZero

I-grid coordinate, ehlanganiswe nehlabathi-imbonakalo yembonakalo yehlabathi, iifomu ezingama-360 ezi-meridiya ezidibanisa izibonda ezimbini, kunye nemigca eyi-180 efana ne-equator, isasazwa kwii-90 ezipalini, ngapha nangapha. Ukuqala kokubala kobude ukususela ngo-1884 kuthathwa njengemeridi, eqhutywe kwi- Greenwich Observatory, esempuma-ntshona yesiXhosa. Umgama omde kakhulu ohlula ihlabathi kwiNyakatho nakwi-Southern Hemispheres ngumthombo wesiseko.

Ukulungelelanisa ubuninzi bee-angular, ezilinganiselwe kwiziganga. Idireji yinqanaba phakathi kwendiza edlula kwi-zero-i-Greenwich-meridiya kunye nomgca odibanisa izibonda zomhlaba kwaye udityaniswe ngephuzu elinikeziweyo ibonisa. Kwimpuma yeGreenwich ukuya kwi-180 °, ubude bubizwa ngokuba yimpuma kwaye kuthathwa njengento enhle, entshonalanga - inentsingiselo engafanele kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yintshona.

Amanqaku afanelekileyo ukusuka kwizibonda zenza i-equatorial plane. I-radius ekhankanywe kwiziko lehlabathi ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba elinikezelweyo kwinqanaba layo libeka i-angle kunye nale moya, ubukhulu bayo bububanzi. Umde ode kakhulu unelungelo lokuzikhethela. Ngasenyakatho ye-equator, le ngqungquthela ithathwa njengento enhle-ukusuka ku-0 ° ukuya ku-90 °, ukuya kwezantsi.

Iimpawu kunye nemizila

Equator - kuphela umda ongaqhelekanga wee-hemispheres ezimbini, kodwa wayehlala evuyisa ukucinga komntu. Kuyinto yesiko kubahlali bamanzi bamazwe ahlukeneyo ukugcina imigangatho ekhethekileyo kwi-intersection ye-latitude latitude, ngokukodwa malunga nabenza oko okokuqala. Apho i-equator idlula kwiindawo ezimiweyo, iimpawu ezizodwa kunye nezakhiwo zakhiwa ngokuqhubekayo, ukwenza okwenene okwenene. Indwendwe engabonakaliyo iya kulahleka ithuba lokuma ngelinye ilanga eMzantsi, elinye liseNyakatho yeNtlabathi. Ukulibala emva koko, njengokuba umgama omde kakhulu wehlabathi ubizwa, akunakwenzeka.

Kodwa zikhona ezinye iimpawu ezizodwa kwiindawo ze-equatorial zomhlaba ezinika ixabiso elikhethekileyo. Ukukhangela kwezinto ezinobungcipheko apha kuncinci kunezinye iindawo zokuhlala, kwaye ukukhula kwehlabathi kukukhulu. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukugcina i- rocket fuel for the launch of spacecraft into orbit. Akunakwenzeka nje ukuba kwi-Equatorial French Guiana, kwiNxweme yaseMzantsi Melika yinkqubo enenkqubela phambili yendawo yokuqala-i-Kourou cosmodrome.