Sayans: ukuphakama. Iintanethi ze-Sayan kunye neAltai: eziphakamileyo?

Sayans - ibhanti yentaba yaseSiberia. Zidibene ngeendlela ezimbini: eNtshona naseMpuma. Kule meko bahamba phambili. Ngokwezinzululwazi, ii-Sayans ziintaba ezincinci, ezingekho ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-400 zeminyaka ubudala. Amanye amatye avela kuwo ayenziwa yimvelaphi ye-volcanic. Ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwesiza kunye nokucandwa, kwakucatshulwa ukuba ulwandle lwalube lukhona apha. Oku kubonakaliswa yi-algae echanekileyo ematyeni.

Iintaba zaseRashiya - Sayany

Imozulu kwintaba yenziwa iimilliyoni zeminyaka edlulileyo kwaye ayitshintshile kuze kube yimhla. Xa ehlabathini "lokulawula" i-ice age, i-Sayans yayigcwele ikhephu. Eduze kubo, iinqaba ezincinane kunye neentlambo zakhiwa, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yeziqhekeza eziwa. Emva kokufudumala kwehlabathi, ii-glaciers, thawing, zafaka isandla ekuvelweni kwamachibi amaninzi.

Sayans ziphi na? Inxalenye yasempumalanga ifinyelela kunxweme eliselunxwemeni lweLake Baikal. Iintaba zingena kwibhanti ye-orogeny, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Central Asia. Ezi zinto zendalo zibhekwa njengowokudala eRashiya. Kwakhona, ezi ntaba ayikho ngaphantsi kweAlps: ayikho ubuhle, okanye ubukhulu, okanye ubude.

Kuze kube namhlanje, iintaba eziliqela zeentaba zikhuselekileyo. Iinqaba ze-Snowfield ziqhelekile, ezikhethiweyo zihlanganiswe ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukeneyo kwiindawo apho iilanga zelanga zingafi.

Iintaba ze-Sayany kwimaphu yeRashiya ziyabonakala ukuba ubheka ngasezantsi kweSiberia. Zihlala zombini kwintsimi yeShicilelo neMongolia. Enyanisweni, i-Sayan Mountains ziinkqubo ezimbini ezinxulumene neentaba ezihlukileyo kunye nomda ocacileyo wemida. Ingongoma ye-intersection yiCentral Sayan.

Western Sayan

Ubani ubude beli bhanti lentaba? Iintaba ze-Sayany ngasentshonalanga ziphakama ngamawaka amathathu anamitha. Ubude buyi 650 km. Ummelwane osezantsi-ntshona yiAltai. Iinqonga zeentaba zeentaba zizinthambeka ezisezantsi, indawo enemizila, iqoqo elikhulu lamatye.

Amagqabi asentshonalanga axhomekeke kwindawo efanelekileyo. Ezantsi-ntshona-ntshona i-ridge ibizwa ngokuba yiSaljur, ephakathi kwithi Saylyg-Kham-Taiga, ummandla kufuphi neNxweme Yenisei kuthiwa yiSanskaya.

Ithintela ukuhlukahluka kohlengahlengiso lweentlambo. Umzekelo we-Sayany, umzekelo, kufuphi nomda wehlathi ubeka umthombo ophezulu. Kuye, iziganeko eziqhelekileyo ziphantsi kwaye zinqabileyo, iindawo eziphantsi.

Intaba-mpuphu ephakathi-ntshona ihlala ephezulu nakumntla. Iinqonga ezi zilapha, zihamba kakuhle. Kwakhona zijikeleze iintaba zininzi izilambo zomlambo, ezisele zine-taiga.

Ubusika apha lukhuni, intwasahlobo ifika emva kwexesha. Iqhwa eliqhakazileyo lwenzeka, njengommiselo, ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ihlobo alinakuhlala ixesha elide, iindiza ezininzi ezibandayo zivuthela. Iqhwa lalivame ukugcinwa ngoJulayi-Agasti. NgoSeptemba, kukho iinyikima ezininzi.

Iintsipho zipholile ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke iintaba zihlala zihamba ngokushisa okuphezulu kunezitya.

East Sayan

Yaye yintoni ukuphakama empuma? Iintlanga ze-Sayany zifikelela kwi-3,491 m. Inkqubo yeentaba ihamba nge-Southern Siberia, i-Krasnoyarsk Territory, kwiNgingqi yase-Irkutsk, eBuryatia naseTyva.

I-Eastern Sayan iqala kufuphi neYenisei kwaye iphelela kufuphi nxweme lweLake Baikal. Inkqubo yeentaba ikhona kwiindawo zeenkcubeko zelizwekazi ezibukhali. Ubusika buhlala bunqabile kwaye bude, kwaye ihlobo lifutshane kwaye libandayo. NgoJanuwari, ubushushu obuncinane -25 ^о С, kwaye ngoJulayi - +12 ^о С. Kwintlambo nganye kukho inani elithile lamanzi (ukusuka kwi-300 mm ukuya kuma-800 mm ngonyaka).

Ephantse kwiintaba zikhona iimvula kunye nemilambo. AmaLwandle awakhiwa ngenxa yokuqhaqhazela iqhwa. Ukuqokelela okukhulu kweemaminerali kwatholakala kufuphi neToukinsky Golts.

Ukukhusela imo, iipaki kunye neendawo zokugcina izixhobo ziye zasungulwa kufuphi neentaba.

Iiflora kunye nezilwanyana

Iintambo ze-Sayany, iifoto zazo zimeleleke kwinqaku, zizityebi emahlathini, imithi ephakamileyo apho i-spruce, imisedare, i-fir. Zifumaneka kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-1500 m. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho imifuno yamasedare.

Imozulu yomeleleyo: ukushisa okubanda kunamandla, umoya oqinileyo kunye nolwandle olupholileyo. Isiqabu sisoloko sivunyiwe, kodwa kwezinye iindawo zityhulwa, zifakwe i-tundra. Kwiindawo apho kukho ukungcola okwaneleyo, kukho iindwendwe kunye namahlathi amancinci akhula.

Apha, amajikijolo akhula: ama-raspberries, i-currants, i-strawberry, i-strawberries kunye nabanye.

Ukususela kwizilwanyana unako ukubona izimpisi, iibhere, i-oose, i-squirrels, ihares. I-Woodpeckers, i-hazel grouses, i-capercaillie, i-jay - zonke ezi ntaka zifumaneka emahlathini asezintabeni.

Imifudlana kunye nokukhenketho

Iintetho ze-Sayans, imephu yayo ibonisa ubuqaqawuli babo, ibakhenkethi abakhenkethi. Ekubeni le nkqubo ithatha phantse iSiberia yonke, kunzima ukuyiqonda. Yingakho kudlalwa yiindwendwe ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Iindawo ezikhangayo kakhulu (ngaphandle kweentaba ngokwazo) ziyimifula encinane, amachibi kunye namanzi. Kule ndawo yezilwanyana zasendle, ezingakhange zithinteke ngezandla zabantu. Kukho izibonelelo apha.

Iintaba ze-Sayany (khangela isithombe esezantsi) zizityebi kwimilambo. Baxube ukutya kunye neqela lekhephu nemvula. Bonke bawomgcini we-Yenisei, kunye nemithombo yabo yi-Big and Small Yenisei. Umlambo oqaqambileyo nohle yiByy-Khem. Ubude bayo buyi 600 km. Ndiyabulela kwimimandla yayo emihle, yiyona nto ityelela kakhulu kwaye ithandwa kule ndawo.

Ezintabeni zaseAltai

Enye yeentaba ezintle kakhulu kwiintaba yiAltai Mountains. Le nkqubo, apho iindawo eziphakamileyo ngokwaneleyo zikhoyo, ikwahlula ngeendlela zemifula nemingxuma. Uphi ukuphakama kwakhe? Iintaba ze-Sayan kunye neentaba zaseAltai azifani kakhulu, kodwa zinokuphakama ezahlukeneyo. Ucinga ntoni, yiphi intaba yeentaba ephezulu - iAltai okanye i-Sayan? Siza kuthetha ngale nto kamva kamva.

Ukuncedwa kunye nesimo sezendalo

Ukukhululeka, okuphawulekayo kweAltai, ayifumaneki kwiintlobo zeentaba. Kulula ukufumana amancinci kunye neendlela zomhlaba, iinqaba kunye neenduli, iindlwana kunye neengqungquthela, iziqithi kunye nezilambo ezineemingxuma.

Iingcali zenzululwazi zithi ii- Altai Mountains zakhiwe kwi-Caledonian. Kwaye kwimeko yeMesozoic kunye neCenozoic yafumana inqanaba lesibini. Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, izantsi zeentaba zazixininiswe ngezizathu zendalo, ngoko ke kwakhiwa indawo yeentaba.

Ziziphi iintaba eziphakamileyo: i-Sayans okanye iAltai?

Intshona ntshona i-Sayan ilula i-600 km. Ukuphakama kwayo yonke ingu-3976 m. Ingqungquthela nguMongun-Taiga. I-Eastern Sayan ithatha indawo engaphezulu, ububanzi bayo bufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezili-1, kwaye ubude bungama-3491 m. Intaba enkulu yi-Munku-Sardyk.

Umda ophezulu we-Western Sayan ngumjelo we Sayan. Ingongoma yayo ephakamileyo ibhekwa njengengqungquthela yaseKyzyl-Taiga, ubude bayo bufikelela kuma-3121 m.

Ukuxhuma, zonke iinjongo ze-Sayan zenza ubunzima obukhulu "bokumhlophe" kunye "neeprotheni". Kwiindawo ezithile, kukho "iindidi", amaziko abo ayingqumbo (ubude beemitha ezingama-2982) kunye neMunch-Sardyk.

Intaba yaseBelkha isingqungquthela se-Altai Mountains. Nasi ukuqala koMlambo waseKatun. Igama lenziwa ngenxa yokuba intaba ihlala ihlanganiswe ngekhephu: ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Umda phakathi kweRussian Federation neKazakhstan udlulela kwi-Belukha massif.

I-Belukha ifumaneka kwi-Katun Ridge. Ukuphakama kwentaba ngu-4509 km. Kugxininiswe kwi-half-glacers ye-glage. Oku kuthetha ukuba phantse yonke intaba ihlanganiswe ngeqhwa. Ubusika bubanda, ihlobo lifutshane kwaye liza. NgoJanuwari, iqondo lokushisa linokufika -48 ° C, ngo-Matshi liya ku -5 ° C.

I-Altai iphakame ngaphezu kwentaba ye- Sayana. Oku kubonakaliswa yimimandla yeendlela zombini kunye neentsika zawo.