Ukunikezelwa - yintoni na le nto? Indlela qwalasela?

Izinto ezininzi bume olubonakalayo zabantu mihla namhlanje yamathuba emisebenzi kusetyenziswa iinkqubo computer. Ngaphandle ngeso wenza 3D-amagcisa, akakwazi ukwenza nayiphi studio yezakhiwo okanye uyilo okanye abavelisi imidlalo yekhompyutha. Ithekhinoloji ekudaleni imifanekiso ezinjalo - photorealistic okanye simulating iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa - iqulathe amanyathelo inkqubo eziliqela. Ukunikezelwa - yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo, inxalenye yokugqibela, nto leyo ebonisa isiphumo lokugqibela.

Imvelaphi igama elithi

Igama elithi "ukubuyisela" (or "banikela") oko kukuthi, njengabo enxulumene kakhulu ngobuchule IP-based, ukusuka ulwimi IsiNgesi. Ivela ukusuka rendre Old French, elithetha 'ukuba "," ukuba "," emva "," emva ". Iingcambu nzulu yesenzi ebuyela kwi-Latin wamandulo: re - isimaphambili elithetha "emva", uze ube nesibindi - "ukunika".

Ngoko - enye iintsingiselo mihla le kota. Ukunikezelwa - oku kuquka inkqubo kwakhona umfanekiso Planar esekelwe imodeli-ntathu equlethe ulwazi malunga iimpawu ezibonakalayo yenjongosenzi - ukwakheka kwalo, umphezulu texture, ukukhanyisa, njalo njalo.

Nikani nokuthelekelela

Wehla nokuhla kuqala, waya Lexicon of abo benza ngobungcali kwiteknoloji yedijithali ukudala imifanekiso, eli gama liya kusetyenziswa ezisetyenziswa imihla ngemihla. Nika ukulungele unikele ukubuza, umzekelo, xa ii-odolo zefanitshala - into enye okanye imeko igumbi, kwaye ukuyilwa embindini okanye lonke Unikezelo wesakhiwo - le yenye iindlela eziphambili ukugqithisa le umxhasi intsingiselo womzobi okanye izimvo umyili yakhe.

Kukho kuyahambisana, efanayo intsingiselo isoloko isetyenziswa kwindawo eqhelekileyo, nangona nzima - nokuthelekelela. Phakathi imizobo yezakhiwo okanye udlala yekhompyutha zobungcali namhlanje wagqiba ukuba ezikhethiweyo emxinwa: kukho abo benza modeling - ekudaleni izinto-ntathu, kunye nabo unike Unikezelo imeko ogqityiweyo - ubeka izibane, khetha ngengcamango kunye iiseti, uze uqale inkqubo sokufaka.

ukuchaza

Eli gama iintsingiselo ezininzi:

• Ukunikezela okanye weklayenti, - inkqubo yokufumana Planar yobugcisa okanye ubugcisa sinikela umfanekiso bitmap Blender, 3D Max, cinema, - ngokusekelwe iimodeli-ntathu digital wadala ngokusebenzisa iiphakheji software eyodwa Maya et al.
• Nikezela - enyanisweni, isiphumo senkqubo enjalo - a yeraster umfanekiso, iifoto, kunye njengabalinganiswa umfanekiso kunye neemeko kwi ivideo imidlalo okanye iividiyo trideshnikami ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso bhanya - eqhelekileyo okanye ephilayo.
• Ukunikezela okanye umhambisi - njalo kuxokwa software eyodwa, esebenzisa apho kukho inguqu 3D-modeli kumfanekiso. Izicelo ezinjalo zingakhiwa kwindawo iphakheji yemizobo okanye isicelo njengoko kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo: RenderMan, Mental Ray, V-ray, Corona, Brasil, Maxwell, FinalRender, Fryrender, Modo kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ayigwebe, ngokunjalo yonke into enxulumene zobugcisa beteknoloji, zihlaziywa rhoqo. Yokuba ubuchule ezahlukileyo esetyenziselwa ukuncitshiswa idatha ubunjalo bomzimba imifuziselo kunye neendawo zabo. Kwi nesiseko sayo inkqubo sokufaka yonke, ukuvumela ukuba ukudala izixhobo zakho, izibane, iikhamera, njalo-njalo. N.

Iintlobo eyokunikeza: intanethi yaye prerendering

Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko lokunikezelwa, kuxhomekeke isantya apho kufuneka kwenzeke ukufumana umfanekiso ogqityiweyo. Okokuqala --time real Unikezelo efunekayo ngendlela itshati interactive, ingakumbi imidlalo yekhompyutha. Apha kufuneka olukhawulezayo enze, umfanekiso kufuneka liboniswe nangoko, kangangokuba ndima- ibalwa kwangaphambili kwaye zigcinwe ngalo ngohlobo lwe data ngamnye. Ezi ukwakheka ezichaza imbonakalo yezinto kunye nokukhanya. Iinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukunikezela intanethi, esebenzisa ikakhulu izibonelelo khadi yemizobo memory yekhompyutha, kwaye ubukhulu engaphantsi - kumqhubekekisi.

Ukunikezela izigcawu ezintsonkothileyo abangaboniyo, kwakunye apho umba isantya akunjalo efanelekileyo ibaluleke ngaphezu umgangatho zokukhutshwa, kunye nezinye iindlela ezisetyenziswa kwenza le program. Kulo mzekelo, amandla ngokupheleleyo iziqhubekisi multi-core, oluboniswe iinketho zokusombulula, indlela yokwenza, ukuncitshiswa izibane data aphezulu. zisetyenziswa kunye nokunikeza postprocessing, evumela iqondo eliphezulu photorealism okanye isiqhamo sobugcisa ezinqwenelekayo.

Iindlela lokunikezela le ndawo

Ukukhethwa iindlela soqulunqo umfanekiso ixhomekeke ingxaki ethile yaye ngokufuthi yi yokuzikhethela kunye namava somculo. Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo entsha ezintsha Unikezelo - okanye kakhulu ezizodwa okanye jikelele. Namhlanje, xa intliziyo umhambisi software iqhelekileyo isekelwe iindlela ezintathu ezisisiseko azo:

• Rasterization (Scanline) - indlela apho bomfanekiso wadala miscalculation hayi umntu amachaphaza, pixels, kwaye yonke ubuso, iipolygons kunye evele iindawo ezinkulu. Noburhabaxa uchaza iipropati into njengokukhanya kule ndawo, njengoko kubhalwe data ingatshintshanga. kaninzi umfanekiso ngenxa ayibonisi iingcamango utshintsho ukukhanyisa, ubunzulu intsimi , njalo-njalo. D. amaninzi asetyenziswe ukuze banikele Izigcawu imidlalo neesistim kuzo videoprodakshene.
• Ray ukope (Raytracing) - physics ndawo zibalwa ngokusekelwe imitha evela virtual kwekhamera of beam nganye nohlalutyo yokuxhulumana kunye izinto kunye apho kwenzeka khona nya. Kuxhomekeka ubungakanani kunye nobulunga "yagqampa yaya" kulingisa vangama okanye refraction wokukhanya, umbala, Ukwanda njalo njalo. D. Umgangatho umfanekiso onesiphumo kuthelekiswa rasterization yi kakhulu ephezulu, kodwa ngokoqobo kwalo kufuneka uhlawule ukusetyenziswa ukwanda kwezibonelelo.
• Ukubalwa ukukhanya kubonakala (Radiosity) - ingongoma nganye umfanekiso pixel nganye sinikezwe umbala elizimeleyo lwecamera. Oku kuchatshazelwa imithombo zehlabathi lweedolophu yokukhanya kunye nokusingqongileyo. Le ndlela ivumela ekubaleni ukuvela ipateni komhlaba kunye nombala zezinto ukukhanya izinto ezikufutshane.

Practice ibonisa ukuba inkqubo sokufaka eziphambili kwaye ethandwa isebenzisa indibanisela zonke okanye iindlela ezinkulu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubuninzi photo-ngokoqobo nenyani kwi mapping iinkqubo zendawo yokubhalela umboniso elinikiweyo.

ulandelelwano lomsebenzi weklayenti

Nangona indlela mihla kwi computer, bakhetha yokwaba ukunika kwisigaba eyahlukileyo, ezibandakanya ulwazi nezakhono zobungcali, enyanisweni, akukho alohlukaniswa yonke inkqubo ukulungiselela nokuthelekelela. Ukuba, umzekelo, eqikelelweyo inguqulelo elingaphakathi iya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nenkqubo ngamnye umfanekiso le algorithm simulating ukuguda noburhabaxa kwakunye umphezulu texture.

Kunjalo ngeendlela ndawo ukukhanyisa. Ukubeka ukukhanya yendalo neyenziweyo, kwaye iimpawu drop yayo isithunzi, ikhaliphe, amandla, iziphumo self-ukhanyiso - inyathelo elilandelayo ekudaleni nokuthelekelela scene. Indlela ukumisa i nikeza kuxhomekeke kwi-software esetyenzisiweyo kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza. iphakheji ngasinye kunye nenkqubo-Isibonisi iye ubuqili zayo bokuqonda.

Umzekelo, Corona ukuhanjiswa uye izicwangciso adjustable ngqo ngethuba ubukho kumfanekiso lokugqibela. izibane amandla inokuguqulwa intanethi, lungisa umbala, ndikho.

Post-processing of results sinikele

Kuba umsebenzi othile kusengqiqweni ukusebenzisa iindlela ezizodwa imifanekiso. Sesakhiwo kufuna ezinye iindlela yokuthetha kunokuba nomfanekiso zobugcisa. Ukunikezela ukuba ingaphandle, umzekelo, ngokufuthi ifuna lilifa artist lwempahla yemizobo ukusebenza kunye imifanekiso ye bitmap, eyona ethandwa apho - Adobe Photoshop. Kwaye ndisoloko ndisenza oko ukwandisa photorealism. iintsingiselo zangoku nokufakwa ziquka eyenziwe yokuyilwa esandleni-umzobo - lemifanekiso, gouache, i-inki umzobo, etc ...

Ophezulu ezikumgangatho lomsebenzi weklayenti postprocessing luqala kokukhetha i olifunayo ifomati yefayile, emva kokuphela kwale nkqubo. Lamkele lo mfanekiso lokugqibela nokugcina umaleko, ngeebhayisikile imijelo umbala ngamnye. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufezekisa iziphumo eziphakamileyo ukuncipha zonke ungqameko emfanekisweni jikelele, esebenzisa isicwangciso Umbala zichanile yaye ngokungangqalanga.

Ukunikezela nokusebenza kwenkqubo

Ukwenza ngeso esemgangathweni kuxhomekeke nje kuphela kwinkqubo software. On line esezantsi kuchaphazela amandla esetyenziswa yi "yentsimbi '. Ingakumbi le ekwenza isantya - sigcawu maxa wambi esimbaxa laliguqulelwa kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ukuba ikhomputha akanayo RAM ngokwaneleyo okanye kumqhubekekisi unalo imveliso eliphantsi.

ukuba njani ukukhawulezisa ekunikeleni nokuphucula iziphumo zokugqibela, ukuba oovimba zingekho? Unga tshintsha i Imboniselo izicwangciso inkqubo, vula phantsi lingakanani yokusombulula eziphathekayo noburhabaxa kwaye awugqibe umfanekiso ngokutshintsha parameters kwemidlalo ukuze ukukhanya nethunzi baqhathiwe iindawo ezinkulu, ngaphandle iinkcukacha okugqithisileyo kwaye njalo njalo. D. Ukuba inethiwekhi, ungasebenzisa umhambisi ibhetshi, xa nokunciphisa data amandla umfanekiso ababandakanyekayo ezinye iikhompyutha.

nikani ifama

Namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa amandla kude ezisebenzisanayo computer ezinikezela ngeenkonzo ukuze iifayile-3D batch processing. Le nkqubo eliphezulu-zokusebenza kwixesha elifutshane ukuba nomfanekiso ngeziganeko ezininzi ezimbaxa kunye namandla. Baya ukumelana nazo naziphi na iziphumo ezibonwayo nangona kudalwa iifayile yokuzonwabisa ixesha elide.

Qhagamshelana nomboneleli-nkonzo ezinjalo, uluhlu apho kusoloko ukufumaneka kwi Internet, iimeko ukulungiselela ixabiso ekuvunyelwene kwaye ifayile, ungagcina kakhulu kwisantya kwaye ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifunekayo wobunjani umfanekiso lokugqibela. Ukuba ziyisebenzise zezi nkampani kuxhomekeke amawaka ezininzi iziqhubekisi kunye amakhulu terabytes of RAM. Ukunikezela ifama ubala ixabiso lomsebenzi, ngokusekelwe umthamo kwemvelaphi ifayile kunye nexesha nokuthelekelela yokusebenza. Umzekelo, iindleko omnye isakhelo 1920x1080, wokwenza kwizixhobo standard efuna iiyure 3 100 engange. Imeko ibalwa imizuzu-8.

ukukhetha ilungelo

Impendulo umbuzo njani ukwenza inguqulelo yemilo encinane kunye olulula into okanye abazizityebi nokubonwayo oopopayi ntetho bedolophana Cottage, lubonisa indlela eyahlukileyo. Kwimeko ka ngokuzimeleyo umsebenzi onjalo kuyimfuneko ukukhetha kakuhle le software nokuqinisekisa amandla ezaneleyo izixhobo zekhompyutha. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kwisigaba sokugqibela umsebenzi - weklayenti - liya kuxhomekeka ekubeni abanelisekanga sisiphumo sokugcina.