I IsiNgesi Umbhali uYohane Tolkien: A Biography, ubuchule, iincwadi best

Ngubani na Tolkien John Ronald kaRehuweli? Nkqu nabantwana, kodwa ngokuyintloko bazi ukuba ngumdali edume "I Hobbit." ERashiya, igama lakhe liye zithandwa kakhulu leyo nefilim nezikrini ihlelo. Xa lakubo imisebenzi yakhe ayaziwa kwangethuba kangangoko yee-60s, xa Ukubolekisa abaphulaphuli umfundi iikopi nesigidi esinye "INkosi Imisesane" akwanelanga. Kangangamawaka abafundi IsiNgesi abathetha abaselula ibali hobbit Frodo waba oyithandayo. A umsebenzi wadala uYohane Tolkien, wayithenga ngokukhawuleza kunokuba "Nkosi Iimpukane" kunye "I Catcher kwi Irorho."

Angathabatheki le hobbit

Ngelo xesha eNew York, wabaleka ulutsha kunye iibheji okuzithandelayo, ifundeka ngolu hlobo: "! Long ubomi Frodo", bonke kule moya. kwakukho fashion lombutho amaqela Hobbit-isimbo phakathi kolutsha. Tolkien wadala uluntu.

Kodwa ke iincwadi ezibhaliweyo Dzhon Tolkien, funda kuphela ngabafundi. Phakathi abayithandayo zakhe amakhosikazi, kwaye ngexabiso madoda, kunye neenkwenkwezi pop. oobawo Solid yaxoxa trilogy kwi pubs eLondon.

Xelela ngokuba ngubani ebomini fantasy umbhali uJohn Tolkien, akukho lula. Ungumbhali weencwadi zonqulo wayeqinisekile ukuba ubomi umbhali ebomini uqulathwe imisebenzi yakhe, kodwa hayi kwi ngobomi izibakala.

ebuntwaneni

Tolkin Dzhon Ronald kaRehuweli wazalwa ngo-1892 eMzantsi Afrika. Kukho uhlobo lomsebenzi le uyise umbhali elizayo. Ngowe-1895 unina wahamba naye eNgilani. Emva konyaka bafika emva iindaba exelela malunga kokufa kukayise.

Ronald ubuntwana (ngoko izalamane nabahlobo zombhali ebizwa) senzeka kwihlomela lakwaXhosa. Kwiminyaka emine, waqalisa ukufunda. Kwaye nje iminyaka embalwa, uye wakubona umnqweno olungathethekiyo ukufunda iilwimi zamandulo. Latin for uRonald wayefana umculo. Kwaye ukonwabela nje ukufunda iintsomi kunye namabali zobuqhawe onokuthelekiswa kukufundisisa yayo. Kodwa ke, njengokuba kamva wavuma Dzhon Tolkien, ezi ncwadi olwalukho kwihlabathi nangokomthamo ayonelanga. uncwadi Loo sasisincinane kakhulu ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabafundi bayo.

ukuzenza

Esikolweni, ukongeza Latin kunye isiFrentshi, Ronald naye wafunda isiJamani nangesiRoma. Yena ngasekhaya waba nomdla kwimbali kweelwimi kunye philology lothelekiso, waya izangqa zoncwadi, wafundela Gothic kunye neelwimi Icelandic, yaye bazama ukwenza ezintsha. zokuzonwabisa ezinjalo, ingaqhelekanga elivisayo, kwangaphambili Isiphelo sakhe.

Ngowe-1904, umama wakhe wasweleka. Ngenxa yokunakekela yomgcini yokomoya, uRonald wakwazi ukuqhubeka ngezifundo zabo kwiYunivesithi Oxford. elithile wakhe imbali ulwimi IsiNgesi.

impi

Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, uRonald ezifundwe kunyaka ophelileyo. Kwaye emva kokuba iimviwo akrelekrele zokugqibela ukuba wazicelela ukuba umkhosi. Isabelo sub-sombutho wawa iinyanga eziliqela Battle igazi elimsulwa kule iSomme, uze emva koko iminyaka emibini wayesesibhedlele unesifo "umsele umkhuhlane".

ukufundisa

Emva kwemfazwe, wasebenza phezu Ukuqulunqwa nedikshinari, kwaye emva koko waba uprofesa IsiNgesi. Ngowe-1925 yanyatheliswa akhawunti yakhe enye ntsomi endala kulwimilwesiJamani, ngehlobo lika nyaka John Tolkien wacelwa ukuba Oxford. Wayesemncinane kakhulu ngemilinganiselo weYunivesithi odumileyo: engama-34 kuphela ubudala. Noko ke, emva uYohane Tolkien, ogama engobomi akukho ngaphantsi umdla ngaphezu le ncwadi, kwafuneka amava ubomi nemisebenzi ekuphenduleni philology.

Incwadi eliyimfihlakalo

Ngeli xesha umbhali nje ukutshata, kodwa wazala oonyana abathathu. Ebusuku, xa njengeengxaki zentsapho waphela, waqhubeka nomsebenzi twisisaka iqalile usengumfundi - ibali ilizwe imilingo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ilivo izele iinkcukacha ngakumbi nangakumbi, noYohane Tolkien wayevakalelwa ukuba kufuneka uxelele ibali kwabanye.

Ngowe-1937 wapapasha njengentsebezo "I Hobbit", umbhali uye udumo ibonwe. baduma le ncwadi yaba bukhulu kangangokuba umvakalisi wabuza umbhali udale enye. Ke Tolkien waqala umsebenzi yobuciko. Kodwa ke Saga iinxalenye ezintathu kuphela emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo. ubomi lonke Tolkien iphuhlise ngolwimi ngumntu. Ukugqityezelwa Elvish lwesigodi ukuba namhlanje.

ezingu Tolkien

Hobbits - oku izidalwa emangalisayo umtsalane efana abantwana. Xa zizonke ndandifeketha kunye nokomelela, ukuhlakanipha elula, ukunyaniseka nakukwazi. Kwaye Isimanga, aba balinganiswa ukunika ihlabathi yenziwe yi Tolkien, ukuthembeka.

Ophambili kweli bali yokuqala Bilbo Baggins rhoqo emngciphekweni ukuze ube nokuphuma kweso akho zonke iintlobo misadventures. Umelwe ukuba abe nesibindi kunye namasu. Ngale ndlela Tolkien ngokungathi uxelela abafundi bakhe abaselula malunga nokuba nako mda ukuba nilime. Kwaye enye inkalo ngabalinganiswa Tolkien kaThixo - uthando wenkululeko. Hobbits benza kakuhle ngaphandle iinkokheli.

"INkosi Imisesane"

Yintoni mna ngoko umxhelo unjingalwazi evela Oxford ezingqondweni zabafundi lwanamhlanje? Yintoni etha incwadi yakhe?

imisebenzi Tolkien abazinikeleyo bakaThixo kude kube ngunapakade. Kwaye kubahlali yalo magama ebonakala abstract - okulungileyo nokubi, umsebenzi kunye nembeko, ezinkulu nezincinane. Xa iziko zesakhiwo sebali - umsesane, nto leyo into ngaphezu kokuba isimboli kunye isixhobo kwamandla mda, oko kukuthi, yintoni ngasese ephupha phantse wonke umntu.

Lo mxholo ngawo onke amaxesha afanelekileyo kakhulu. Wonke umntu ufuna amandla kwaye siqinisekile ukuba wazi ngqo ukuba kufuneka zilahlwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. Tirana kunye nezinye zobuntu yovalo embalini, bexesha bakholwa abaziziyatha kunye ayinabulungisa. Kodwa nabani na ofuna ukuba kuthengwe amandla namhlanje, uya kuthiwa ilumkile, enobuntu ngakumbi kwaye ibonelela ngakumbi. Kwaye mhlawumbi, uya kwenza lonke ihlabathi libe yindawo ngakumbi.

Kuphela ngamaqhawe Tolkien abashiye amakhonkco. Apho umsebenzi ookumkani umbhali IsiNgesi kunye amajoni akhaliphileyo, izazi zo twi nangokuthi wazi, Kananjalo amakhosikazi entle tikoloshe maxabiso, kodwa ekugqibeleni bonke kuguqa phambi kokuba hobbit elula, owaba nako ukuzalisekisa imfanelo yakhe yaye akazange ahendwe ngamandla.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umbhali Wayengqongwe ingqalelo jikelele, wafumana ubugqirha kwiincwadi. Tolkien wafa ngo-1973, kwaye inguqulelo yokugqibela "I Silmarillion" yapapashwa kwiminyaka emine kamva. Umsebenzi yagqitywa unyana ka zombhali.