Imizimba Territorial lwemizimba yesigqeba federal. Le nkqubo kunye nesakhiwo lwemizimba yesigqeba federal. Izidumbu federal kwamandla olawulo - is ...

Emva kokuba siseko yoMgaqo-siseko yokwahlukana kwamagunya zibe amasebe amathathu kwabakho utshintsho iingqiqo lixesha. Ngokukodwa, endaweni izixhobo wolawulo karhulumente aba federal imizimba olawulo amandla. Oku, nangona kunjalo, oku kuthintela ukusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa, kunye owayesakuba igama.

definition

Kakuhle eli imizimba eququzelelayo kumiselwa ngababhali ezahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali, la maziko enza njengoko imibutho yezopolitiko, leyo akhiwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi efanelekileyo yolawulo. Ukuze wenze imisebenzi afakwa amathuba ezithile zomthetho. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba abasemagunyeni federal - kukho izinto ezikhethekileyo izixhobo karhulumente. Umsebenzi wabo ijolise ekuphumezeni izibonelelo kwemithetho kunye neminye imiqathango. Ngokutsho imisebenzi zabo, ezi imizimba umthambo inyathelo yolawulo yesigqeba. Le ncwadi inika enye ingcaciso ziko. Abanye ababhali bakugqala kakhulu epheleleyo. Ukungqinelana abasemagunyeni federal yesigqeba - imibutho ukuba, ukuthetha njengelungu izixhobo karhulumente, kufuneka isakhiwo lwangaphakathi zabo, ubuchule kunye nobungakanani komhlaba. Bona esizicelayo ebekiweyo ngumthetho okanye enye umyalelo uxwebhu emisiweyo. amagunya yase Russian Federation abasemagunyeni olawulo asebenza iindlela ezithile kumsebenzi wabo, babe besikhundla ukuba abambele igama egameni likarhulumente. Phakathi-sikhokelo linobuchule, la maziko uyabongozwa imihla ukulawula amanqanaba ezentlalo nenkcubeko, ezoqoqosho, yolawulo kunye nezopolitiko kubomi.

iimpawu Common

Ingxaki ephambili ukuba isonjululwe ngamaqumrhu yase igunya lolawulo - Kukuqonda xa kusenziwa, ukuphunyezwa kwezibonelelo imithetho ekhoyo, kunye namanye amaxwebhu emisiweyo. Ukongeza, linobuchule, la maziko ukuqinisekisa ukungqinelana neemfuno zabo bonke abachaphazelekayo kweli lizwe. umsebenzi lwabo lokuphatha, olawulayo, yokulungelelanisa, nokulawula ikharektha zolawulo. Ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwayo zemisebenzi ezifanelekileyo isonjululwe. Naliphi na igunya Russian Federal iphetheyo inawo isixhobo yayo yangaphakathi. Iqulethe iiyunithi ezithile (Chap. Control, iimbambaniso ezizodwa, amasebe, njl) Xa amagosa. Ikhuthaza kusombulula ingxaki kakhulu nemveliso.

enkulu nempembelelo

Amagunya imizimba federal lesigqeba ebanzi ngokwaneleyo. ukuphunyezwa avunyelwe iintlobo ezithile zomthetho. Kumaziko ethile eyenziwa:

• Executive kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo.
• Control kunye nomsebenzi wokongamela.
• ngezenzo zomthetho.
• Izigqibo, isishiya nemiphumela yomthetho ebalulekileyo.
• Ukuvunywa mithetho.
• nokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

Kwisakhono maziko, kuquka uxanduva lwabo namathuba zomthetho kunye uxanduva ngomsebenzi wawo. umzimba Federal executive eyenza imisebenzi enxulumene nokwamkelwa nemimiselo ukuphunyezwa kuyaqinisekiswa.

ukwengeza

Umthetho kumiselwa ngokuya apho ukwakhiwa kwenzeka, le lenguqulelo okanye ukuphelisa Institute. Wonke iphetheyo inawo igama layo. Ngokuhambelana ne-Federal uMthetho kunye nezenzo olumisiweyo kwizifundo echazwe amaziko anoxanduva kunye namagosa. Nayiphi esilawulayo lisebenza njengeziko esemthethweni. Umele ukuba itywina esemthethweni. Izidumbu sigqeba singathatha inxaxheba ngobuhlobo. Ngezimali kwenziwa ngeendleko zikarhulumente okanye zommandla mali, kuxhomekeke koko (umzimba federal kwamagunya okanye wengingqi) Institute wathumela imali.

izimiso

ummiselo osemthethweni imizimba isigqeba federal kwenziwe ngokungqinelana nomthetho federal kunye siseko, kwakunye nenani neminye imiqathango. Umsebenzi yonke le Institute lusekelwe kwiinqobo ezithile. Abo main zibandakanya:

1. umgaqo federalism. Le meko ibangelwa-siseko weli lizwe.
2. Kusemthethweni. Lo mgaqo kuchazwe ngokugcinwa-siseko kunye noMthetho.
3. Iindibaniso olubandakanya noomaspala kunye yinye. Lo mgaqo Kubaluleke ngundoqo kumsebenzi yeziko yonke kwamandla olawulo. Uninzi lwemisebenzi phakathi kobuchule amaqela eziphezulu. Ngelo xesha kwi imizimba ezifunda amabhunga olawulo federal eyabelwe iimbopheleleko ezithile, ziyaphunyezwa ngaphandle ungenelelo amaziko ephakamileyo.

izinto reference

Federal, wombuso kunye namabhunga olawulo zenza inkqubo enye. Kwizifundo yokuziphatha kwabo jikelele kwakunye nemiba enxulumene kwisakhono amaziko ephakamileyo amaziko ayamileyo bakwimeko owayamileyo. Kulo mzekelo izenzo umanyano siseko. Ukulawulwa imizimba yase igunya lolawulo usebenza kuphela kwiindawo leyo efana kunye namaziko zemimandla okanye ngqo kolawulo lwabo.

eminye imigaqo

Uninzi lwababhali ziye ukongeza zingentla yodwa izibonelelo ezifana:

• Independence. Lo mgaqo isekelwe Art. 10 loMgaqo-siseko. Ngokutsho kweli lungiselelo, isigqeba, igunya lowiso-mthetho kunye neenkundla uzimele. Oku kuthetha ukuba amaziko abekho phantsi iiyunithi zesebe efanayo kwezinye. Imisebenzi zemizimba federal yesigqeba, ngaloo ndlela akakwazi ukulandela mthetho okanye abagwebi.
• simiso ngendlela. Uthi ukonga iindleko angene kwindawo yolawulo loluntu.

Phakathi kwezinye imigaqo iingcali anikezele nazo:

• Umphakathi.
• Responsibility.
• Democracy.
• Ukuthobela kunye nokunyanzeliswa amalungelo nenkululeko yomntu nommi.

Ixabiso la malungiselelo bokuba naqiniswa zizazinzulu ezininzi.

Le nkqubo kunye nesakhiwo kwemizimba yesigqeba federal

La magama asetyenziswa rhoqo kwiincwadi kushishino. Inkqubo ngomqondo bulumko jikelele yeyona manyano lweziqalelo ahlukeneyo integrally kunye nokusasazwa izakhi kwi kwiindawo ezithile. Ezinye iinkcazelo le isakhiwo ukhonza iseti Injongo iziganeko kunye izinto, ngokusengqiqweni enxulumene omnye komnye. Isakhiwo le ndlela kokuxhuma. Inika iimpawu zoyilo icebo impefumlelwano sezulu. UMgaqo-siseko uchaza iingqiqo kwenkqubo imizimba yesigqeba ngqo emzimbeni. Oku ukhupha umongo ngokwahlukana enjalo. Esebenzisa le ndlela eziko, aye njengoko esilawulayo, uRhulumente uya kuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi yayo. yonke Ubume bale Institute umisela iimpawu ezingundoqo lweziqalelo yayo. Le nkqubo ibonisa kube uxhulumaniso lokuqala luqokelelane phakathi imizimba. Nabo ke, ukuba labasibekela. imizimba Kusetyenziswa ifomu amakhonkco zezakhiwo ngaphakathi kwinkqubo enye.

feature

Thathela ingqalelo iinkcazo ngasentla, kunokuthiwa ukuba imizimba inkqubo yolawulo into ngocwangco ngokusemthethweni, nobuninzi guqukiyo kwezomthetho izinto ezahlukeneyo ifomu ukuba subordinated kumgaqo yokuzahlula izakhono. Zakha i ezihlangeneyo umanyano ekuphumezeni imisebenzi ngaphakathi Russian Federation. Kwinkqubo kukho nkqo isakhiwo oluneqela elinegunya, kwakunye ngomaleko tye. Ngesi kwisiyilo matshini ulawulo olusebenza sibonelelwe. Le nkqubo kunye nesakhiwo bamabhunga olawulo federal baphenjelelwa kwezentlalo, ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezomthetho kunye nezinye izinto.

ezinjengentsebenziswano nokubambisana

imizimba esigqeba kwenkqubo imelwe uhlobo urhulumente wabo lizwe ekhokelwa aggregate ngeentsontelo omnye komnye yaye phakathi isiqalelo ngasinye kuthotho ngokwaneleyo imiba ezivelayo kule khosi karhulumente. Umda nohlobo intsebenziswano ezinjengentsebenziswano emiselwe iimeko apho umsebenzi esicwangciswe link nganye. Indlela esakhiwe ngayo imizimba yesigqeba federal nawommandla, kwakunye indlela ulwalamano lwabo ziphenjelelwa ekwimo izixhobo karhulumente. Okukodwa yeziko yonke yimfuneko indibanisela leendibano ulundi, ngokuthe tye kunye nemigca elinganayo phakathi ofisi.

Inkqubo ukwabiwa kwemisebenzi

Ngokuhambelana kunye nendlela ezisebenzayo ekudaleni inkqubo imizimba eququzelelayo imida engqongqo ukulungisa uxanduva kunye nobuchule of ikhonkco nganye kumaxwebhu yemimiselo wenziwe. Ukususela oku kulandela lonikezelo kunye nemfuneko ukwenza intsebenziswano tyaba arhente ezifanelekileyo kwimiba ephathelele kwiindawo idlulela. inkqubo ngeyona ne Ukuqhela imisebenzi organ, ebandakanyiweyo kuwo, kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho intembeko, ezikhethiweyo, ukusebenza ngokukuko nangokufanelekileyo ulwalamano-nxaxheba.

ngezigaba

kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo yolawulo kwasekwa eRashiya. Bona azakubalulwa khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

• Industry nokulawula iindawo.
• Beka kwi sakhiwo.
• operation Scale.
• Ixabiso.
• Okukodwa.
• Indlela lemfundo.
• Order of yokugweba.

Ezi nkcukacha yemfundo

Kuxhomekeka kwisifundo, leyo lilawula imibuzo ukwakha iiyunithi wabuyisa aba kakhulu RF. nokudaleka lwenzeka ngokusekelwe amalungiselelo siseko, apho le nkqubo ngaphakathi kobuchule karhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, indlela ukuyilwa kulo mzekelo icwangcisa igunya Federal olawulo. Izifundo kwiiyunithi zemfundo phakathi kobuchule kwiingingqi ngokwabo. Kuxhomekeka ngenkqubo kunye indlela yokwenza zikhona:

• Amaziko zabo iinkokeli bonyulwa ngabemi.
• Units ukuze kwakhiwe apho kukhutshwa izigqibo ezifanelekileyo kwemizimba yase amandla olawulo.

iimilo zamaziko

Kuxhomekeka iintlobo zeziko kunye esemthethweni zezi zilandelayo arhente federal:

• Urhulumente Russian.
• Federal arhente, iinkonzo, zabaphathiswa, amasebe.

Kwinqanaba lengingqi zezi:

• Administration.
• Government.
• Commission.
• Committees.
• Iminyango.
• iBhunga laBaphathiswa.
• Agency.
• Inkonzo kunye nabanye.

enkulu nempembelelo

Ngenxa yesi sizathu ayikhuphi:

1. ulwazi jikelele Division. Ilawula zonke iindawo okanye ezininzi kunye namashishini kummandla wabo.
2. Ukunxulumanisa ulwazi industry. Bona elawula umsebenzi ngaphakathi kumacandelo ezithile kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo yolawulo loluntu. Njengoko ezi yunithi imisebenzi ngokuqhelekileyo ephezulu nezemimandla. Imithetho imizimba yase igunya lolawulo minye onke amaziko ezenziwa ngabo.
3. Units izakhono ezizodwa. Ezi arhente benza ulongamelo, kweelayisenisi, imisebenzi ezilawulayo kunye namanye kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kulawulo lukarhulumente.
4. Umisa ulwazi ahlukeneyo. La maqumrhu amiselwe ukuba ilungelelanise ulawulo lwemicimbi kwindawo ethile kunye noshishino.

Order of yokugweba

Ngokwale njengenqobo yokugweba zizakubalulwa:

1. imizimba lonxibelelwano. La (ngokungqinelana nemigaqo ngokubanzi) ziquka: urhulumente Russian, ulawulo kunye nezinye iiyunithi ezikhoyo ezifanayo.
2. abasemagunyeni Edinonachalnye. ERashiya, uninzi amaziko kwakheka kwi isiseko omnye umthetho. Ukuthatyathwa kwezigqibo apho intloko wenziwe ngqo.

imizimba Territorial lwemizimba yesigqeba federal

ziko sakhe kwisifundo ngasinye kwezi Russian Federation, ngubani na zilandele isixhobo central awongamileyo. Njengoko inkqubo imizimba esigqeba kummandla kufuneka qonda izakhi enobuzaza ukuphumeza imisebenzi yoluntu. umsebenzi wabo wenziwa linobuchule zabo kwiingingqi ezithile eli lizwe. Xa indlela yokusombulula iingxaki imizimba zemimandla banxibelelane ofisi engundoqo kunye nezakhiwo olawulo kamasipala.

base olumisiweyo

RF siseko umisela ukuba inkqubo imizimba isigqeba kwimimandla osekwe kwizifundo ngokwabo. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo uyila amaziko kufuneka ibe ngokuchasene sikhokelo kunye nemigaqo ukuyilwa amaziko karhulumente mthetho. Njengoko imithetho xa kudalwa inkqubo kwamandla aphezulu kwisifundo unokwenza imimiselo,-siseko okanye nemithetho wadlula imizimba abanobuchule leeyunithi zolawulo. Kwezinye iingingqi, uxwebhu enjalo ummiselo umntu ephethe ofisi ephezulu.

Umsebenzi yoqhekeko zemimandla

imizimba Executive izifundo ze imiba ebalulekileyo ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo zilawulwa kubo Russian Federation, ukugcina kwimimandla yabo iyonke yolawulo. Ezi yunithi ziquka iikomiti, ulawulo, amasebe, ii-ofisi zabaphathiswa. Le nkqubo iqulethe njengemibutho ukulawula impahla kwipropati le ngingqi; amanye amaziko akhiwa ukuba liliso nokulandelwa nemimiselo yomthetho; isakhiwo elawula imihlaba sendlela, amanzi, eziluncedo, njalo-njalo.

Improvement Institute

Okwangoku umbuzo ingakumbi kungxamisekile malunga nenkqubo kunye isakhiwo igunya lolawulo lonke kweli lizwe. Xa imeko namhlanje iyaqhubeka kuphuculo lolawulo. Xa sikhokelo entwenini yamaziko ukuphucula, kokubini kwinqanaba le zommandla phezulu, izinga federal. Oku kuboniswa kuphela umsebenzi amaqela ezopolitiko akhoyo eli lizwe, kodwa ingakumbi kwemithetho nemimiselo. ummiselo Lezomthetho kwinqanaba federal, kukho amalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko kunye amagatya omThetho Federal. Enye into ebalulekileyo yile imithetho zomongameli, imithetho karhulumente. Kwinqanaba lengingqi ulawulo lwenziwa ngokungqinelana nemithetho kweso sifundo. Bona concretise amalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko kunye neemfuno zoMthetho Federal.

isiphelo

Kumashumi eminyaka yakutshanje, indlela yesigqeba federal amandla ngokuxhomekeke kutshintsho ezininzi. Ushintsho zazijoliswe phezulu nokuphucula iimpembelelo Institute on ukuyilwa oluntu kunye karhulumente xa iyonke. Noko ke, isakhiwo sikarhulumente sikude zimbi. Kuyo kukho amasebe, amacandelo phambana impembelelo. Ezinye ii-arhente benza efanayo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kwimisebenzi duplicative. Ukungaqiniseki okunjalo kule ngxaki lisebenza nobangela disorder kunye nokungazinzi yeziko yonke. Ukuze kwakhiwe inkqubo kangangoko ifuna ukuba isiqalelo ngasinye iwonga ecacileyo kunye ngqo zomthetho. Kufuneka sizimisele kumgangatho lowiso, anikwe umthamo kunye nohlobo ingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, ukuze kupheliswe ezininzi iingxaki kufuneka ibe ukwandisa inkqubo yokuchonga, siyawubhangisa, ezimise, imisebenzi ezingasafunekiyo ongekho. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba oku yinto yokuqala nenqununu ekuthinteleni intsebenziswano esebenzayo. Isizathu sesokuba phindwa ngakumbi imisebenzi, kokukhona kufuneka abantu eyisebenzisa. Oku, uqinisa into oluntu kunciphisa ngempumelelo lo msebenzi. Isisombululo kwezi ngxaki ukukholisa ebaluleke kakhulu Federal uMthetho, nto leyo ebonisa ngemigaqo ngokubanzi karhulumente. Ngokwesiseko kuxwebhu olumisiweyo ke ukwenza kumanyano, nokubunjwa kwiziko yonke.