Ukuqulunqwa kwamanethiwekhi kagesi: iimfuneko zobugcisa, ukufakwa nokuthunyelwa

Ukwakhiwa kwimizila yamandla amatsha, indawo yokuguqulwa komatshini okanye ukulungiswa kwakhona, ukwanda, izixhobo zokusebenza kwakhona ngeendlela ezintsha zobugcisa, ukwakhiwa kwamanethiwekhi ombane okokuqala kwenziwa. Imidwebo, izicwangciso, ukubala kwemithwalo zenziwa ngokuqwalasela imimiselo yangoku. Imigaqo inikezela iimfuno ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuthembekileyo kwamanethiwekhi, iiyunithi ezincedisayo kunye nezibonelelo, ukubonelelwa ngabathengi abathembekileyo, ukuphuculwa kwezibonakaliso zobugcisa kunye nomgangatho wamandla kagesi avelisiweyo. Imigqa yamandla kagesi ifaka imigca apho abasebenzisi basezidolophini nabasemzimbeni banikezwa ngamandla, kubandakanywa izibonelelo, amashishini kunye nemibutho yemveliso, i-domestic and spheres.

Izidingo zamagridi kagesi okusetyenziswa kwezolimo

Isikhokelo sokuphuhliswa kwamanethiwekhi ombane wasemaphandleni ngokubanzi ngokubhekiselele ekufakweni kwemigca nge-voltage ye-35-110 kW. Zisekelwe kumigqaliselo yecandelo kunye nesekethe enkulu yombane kunye nokugcinwa komzimba, esebenzayo ukusuka kwisitrafti esincinci. Imida kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla zixhaswa kwiziphumo zamagatya athile. Ukuba amandla anikezelwa kumguquli-mnye, imimiselo yoyilo lwezobuchwepheshe yamanethiwekhi ombane avumela uxhumano kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zendawo enye. Uxhumano lwamandla okugcina ulwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo xa luyimfuneko.

Izikhundla ezitsha phantsi kokwakha zixhunywe kwi-switchgear yesithuba sokusebenza kwindawo yokunqunyulwa kwemigqa yamagesi okanye ngokucwangciswa kwecwangciso lokubambisa ngokuqwalasela ukukhutshwa kwenethiwekhi ekhoyo. Ukuba imigca emitsha kunye nemidala ilandelelana ngokufanayo, ngoko umbuzo wokutshintsha i-transformer ekhoyo kwi-voltage eyandisiweyo icingelwa.

Iimfuneko zokutshintshwa kwenguqu

Izixhobo zezixhobo zoguquguquli zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngamacandelo apheleleyo okuveliswa kwemveliso kunye nohlobo oluvaliweyo, olwenziwe ngezitena, iipaneli ezikhonjiswe kunye neebhloko.

Le projekthi isekelwe kwizakhiwo ezinobumbano kunye neeyunithi eziqhelekileyo, ukuyila kwezixhobo eziphantsi kokuphuhliswa kwezentengiso kuvunyelwe, ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwazo kuqhutyelwa ngethuba xa ukufakwa kuqala. Uyilo lwamanxibelelwano kagesi luchaza ukubonakaliswa kwimiqulu yokunikezelwa kwemihla. Awuvumelekanga ububanzi obukhulu bezakhiwo zokwakha ezisebenzisiweyo, ubuncinane ubuninzi besetyenzisiweyo.

Izigqibo zenziwe ngokwezigaba zamanethiwekhi ombane, izicwangciso zoyilo lwezoqoqosho emva kokuthelekisa iinketho ezininzi. Okukhethiweyo kunikezelwa kwisakhiwo esinika iindleko eziphantsi. Iiparamitha zobuchwepheshe zamanethiwekhi ombane akhethwe ngokuhambelana nokuhamba kwamandla kuzo zonke iindlela zokusebenza.

Ilahleko ezibalwayo zithathwe ngesiseko semilinganiselo evumelekileyo yokulahleka kwamandla kwi-input pick up kunye nekhowudi evumelekileyo yombane kwi-central power supply system. Ukuba idatha yezobugcisa ekubaleni ilahleko ezivumelekileyo ayifumanekanga, ke i-8% yokusetyenziswa kombane, i-6.5% yemigca yokuvelisa, imithwalo yemfuyo-i-4% yexabiso lokutyunjwa lisetyenziselwa ukubala izibonelelo zendlu.

Imithwalo izimisele ukuqwalasela bonke abathengi bombane abanikezelwa ngumguquleli owenziweyo. Imithwalo ithathwa ngethemba eliyiminyaka eyi-10, inkcazo yocingo kunye necandelo lekhefu lenziwe iminyaka emi-5 ukususela ngexesha lokuthunyelwa. Ukuba le projekthi sele ilele iminyaka emithathu kwaye ingazange ifumaneke, ngoko ke ukwakhiwa kwamagridi kagesi akuqhubeki kuyo, ixwebhu lwedatha lihlaziywa.

Izibonakaliso zokuthembeka kombane

Abafumana abasebenzisi abangabikho kwezolimo, ukondla kwiinkonzo zezolimo, bahlulwe ngokwemiqathango yokuthembeka kokunikezelwa kombane. Imilinganiselo yokunyaniseka kwinqanaba ngalinye lichazwe kumaxwebhu esebe kwaye ichongwa ngoluhlobo lwendlela yokufaka umthengi.

Ukuqulunqwa kwegridi yamandla yasemaphandleni kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba labathengi bemveliso yezolimo, i-communal kunye nempahla yasemakhaya. Ukuhlulwa kwahlulo kwiiklasi ezi-1 neye-2 zinikezelwa ngohlobo lwemihla yezikhokelo zokubonelela ngombane kwizixhobo zamagesi ezolimo.

Ukuba abathengi abangekho kuloluhlu, ke bahlelwa kwiindidi ezi-3. Ukunikezelwa kwamandla eeklasi ezimbini zokuqala kunikezelwa ngabaguquleli ababini abaguquguqukayo. Ukuphula ukunikezelwa kombane akudluli ixesha lokubuyisela ngokuzenzekelayo kwamandla. Ngenxa yale njongo, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okugcina ngokuzenzekelayo kunikezelwa ngegalelo kumthengi.

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla okuphambili kunika umthombo wamandla wesibini ngendlela yefestile kunye nabaguquli ababini okanye amacandelo amabhasi amabini enye indawo. Ukuba umthengi usekude kufumaneka, ngoko ke ubeke i-transformer power power transformer. Ukunikezelwa kwamandla okukhusela okungalindelekanga okufunyenwe kwamagumbi amabini okuqala, angavumeli ukuphuma kweeyure ezingaphezu kwe-0.5, ukuveliswa kwamanethiwekhi ombane unikeza umthombo wokugcina amandla wokuzimela, kungakhathaliseki ukunikezelwa kwamandla angaphandle kwimida ephambili.

Imigaqo jikelele

Uyilo lwenxalenye eyakhayo kunye nesicwangciso esilungileyo senziwa ngokuqwalasela iphuzu lokugqibela lokuphuhliswa kwe-substation, esekelwe ngumbono wendawo ngexesha loyilo. Ukuqulunqwa kwamanethiwekhi kagesi kuqhutyelwa ngokwemimiselo ye-Code Code. Ezi ziquka izigqibo zamabhunga asekuhlaleni kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo ekuthinjweni komhlaba kubanikazi kubakhi bobunzima bamandla.

Uyilo lweenethwekhi zombane lusebenzisa olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• Iimfuno zabaThengi ukuxhuma i-substation kwisistim sombane;
• Izidingo zamkeli zombane xa zixhunyiwe kwiinkonzo;
• Imfuno yabanini bomhlaba isakhiwo ngokumalunga ne-transformer kunye namanethiwekhi;
• Iimpawu zesisombululo sokwakha kunye nesicwangciso;
• Imithwalo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwabo ngamagatya okuphuhliswa kwamagqabantshintshi ngokubhekisele kwiingxaki kunye neendidi zabasebenzisi;
• Idatha yobuchwephesha kwimithwalo ephezulu ye-transformer;
• Idatha ebonakalayo kwi-total capacity of transformers kunye nenani labo;
• Izidingo zokwakha isiphaluka sokudibanisa;
• Izindlela zokulungisa utshintsho lwexabiso kumabhasi esitrafti sendawo.

Imithombo yedatha engenhla

Ukuyila kwamandla okufumana izi mfuno zingentla kusetyenziswa la maxwebhu alandelayo:

• Amacandelo okuphuhliswa kwamandla emigqalane yamagesi kunye neempawu zobugcisa bokunikezelwa kwamandla kwangaphandle kwesixhobo;
• Iimeko zoqhagamshelo lobugcisa beenkampani zonikezelo lwamandla;
• Amaxwebhu ngokusatshalaliswa kwendawo yendawo yokwakha;
• Iiparamitha zobuchwepheshe zomsebenzi wamakhasimende.

Ukuba akukho nto yokufumana idatha evela kwimithombo ephambili okanye ulwazi alupheli, iinjineli zenza izibalo ezifunekayo kwaye zichanele ulwazi olungekho phantsi kwinqanaba lokuqala lokwakha.

Ukuqulunqwa kweenethiwekhi zombane kunye neenkqubo, izityalo zombane zomoya ziquka ezi zakhiwo nezakhiwo ezilandelayo:

• Indawo yokuvelisa kunye noomasifundisane, isakhiwo esiphezulu, izakhiwo zombane, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye neendlela zokufudumala, ukufakelwa kwegesi kunye nokufakelwa kweoli;
• Izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo zokuncedisa kunye neenjongo zokuvelisa, ukuqala izindlu zamabhoyili, indawo yokugcina impahla, indawo yolawulo kunye nendlu, ii-workshops kunye ne-oil refills;
• Izibonelelo ezincedisayo, izithuthi zomzila, iziteshi, ii-depots, igaraji;
• Izityalo zonyango zokungcola, iingcingo, iindlela, iindlela, ukulungiswa komhlaba, izakhiwo zesikhashana kunye neendawo zokuhlasela ibhomu.

Umsebenzi wokwakha wenziwa ngabayingcali bezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe, le projekthi inika amacebo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Izisombululo zobuchwepheshe zisekelwe ekuqinisekiseni ukunyaniseka, ukugcina utyalo-mali kunye neendleko zokuqhubela phambili.

Isixhobo sezobuchwepheshe sino kwaye siqwalaselwe ngumbandela wokubonelela ukulungiswa nokulungiswa okulungileyo, umnqweno wobugcisa obupheleleyo kunye nokunciphisa inani lemisebenzi yomsebenzi. Umyalelo wokuqulunqa amanethiwekhi ombane ubeka ukuba amagumbi alabagadi kunye neekliniki kwindawo ehlukaniswe ngeendonga ezixhobo zokusebenza. Ngaphakathi, iipayipi zeteknoloji azibekekanga, ngaphandle kokunikezelwa kwamanzi, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, ukufudumala kunye nokuphuphuma umoya.

Ulawulo kunye nokuzenzekelayo

Kwizikhululo zamandla zanamhlanje, iindlela zokulawula zinikwe ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo evumela ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi ukusuka kwindawo ekude, ukulawula imisebenzi yokubala, ukubonisa, ukukhusela, ukunxibelelana okukhawulezayo. Ububanzi bomsebenzi wokulawula luyamkelwa kwiprojekthi ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yezikhokelo zesebe.

Umthamo wemisebenzi yolawulo ichongiwe ngokusekelwe kwicala lokuzenzekelayo, imisebenzi yeenkqubo zobuchwepheshe ekuqaliseni, ukuguqula umthwalo nokuyeka ukusebenza kweeyunithi nganye okanye inkqubo yonke. Izitishi zokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo zibeka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo: ukulawula izikhululo zamandla ezibhloko, imigca ephakamileyo yamandla kunye nabaguquli be-link.

Ukuvimbela izityalo zamandla zilawulwa ukusuka kumbhobho wokupakisha weendawo zokusabalalisa i-compact, ii-panels control panel, ii- installations eziqhelekileyo zokufakelwa kwe-compressor substation.

Amanyathelo okukhusela umhlaba

Izikhundla zombane zifumaneka kumazwe abucala kunye namacandelo omasipala ngokuhambelana nomthetho kumthetho womhlaba, ukuqokelela izenzo malunga nokukhuselwa kwemithombo yendalo, iikhowudi zokwakha kunye nemimiselo. Isayithi leza kusasa likhethwe ngokuqwalasela ikhonkco kwindawo yohlobo olukhoyo kunye nohlobo olubanzi lweshishini loshishino.

Uyilo lwenethiwekhi yesiganeko sombane iqwalasela ukuba indawo yokufakelwa kweendawo kunye namanethiwekhi kagesi isebenzisa umhlaba ongekho kwezolimo kunye nomhlaba onomveliso ophantsi. Kwinkqubo yokwakha, umgca ocebileyo womhlaba unqunywe kwaye ulondolozwe, obuye wabuyiselwa kumhlaba ongenakuvelisa.

Abanikazi bamaziko abandakanyekayo bahlawulelwa umhlaba wezolimo osetyenziswayo. Ukuba ulwabiwo lomhlaba lusetyenziso lwexeshana, ngokuzayo kulo mhlaba uxhomekeke ekuhlaleni okwesibini. Izakhiwo kwimimandla eyabelwe ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zamandla zikhoyo, ukufakwa kweenkonzo zenkxaso-mali kwizindlu ezininzi zendawo. Izakhiwo ezintsha azivimbele imveliso ekhoyo kunye nezakhiwo zasekhaya.

Ukuqulunqwa kokunxibelelana kwamanethiwekhi kagesi kwenzeka ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yokwakha ubuninzi, enikwe kwi-SNiP. Iinkalo ezicetywayo kwiprojekti yokwanda kwamanethiwekhi ombane anqunywe ngokuhambelana neprojekthi yeprojekthi kunye nokulungiswa kwezoqoqosho. Imimandla ye-ash kunye ne-slag idibansi ibalwa ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni okuqhubekayo kwezixhobo zokuchumisa kwezoqoqosho.

Iingeniso kunye neendlela eziya kwizakhiwo zendawo zifakwe kwisabelo esisodwa somhlaba, ubunxibelelwano bezobunjineli, iindlela zokushushumbisa, ukuhambisa amanzi kunye neendlela zokuthuthwa kwamanzi zifakwe ngokuchanekileyo, iipayipi ezidlulayo aziphambuli kwimida yezolimo.

Ukukhuselwa kwendawo yomoya

Ngenxa yale njongo, xa kutyalwa iprojekthi, amanyathelo kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zinikezelwa ukuqinisekisa ukunciphisa umxholo wothuli kunye nezinto ezinobungozi kumgca ongasentla womhlaba ukuya kwimigangatho yemigangatho yococeko. Le meko iqinisekiswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwendawo yokuguqulwa kwesiguquguquki, kubandakanywa nemimoya yamandla amakhulu.

Amanyathelo okukhusela indawo yamanzi

Izityalo zonyango zonyango zakhiwa ukukhusela izixhobo zamanzi ekungcoliseni i-ingress yamanzi okuthuthwa kwamanzi. Ezi zakhiwo zakhiwe ngokubhekiselele kwimigangatho yobuthakathaka. Indlela yokucubungula inkunkuma yamanzi yoshishino ikhethiweyo kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zokusebenza zesityalo esicetywayo. Imigqa ephakamileyo yamandla yakhiwe kwimida ukusuka kumagumbi anikezelwe kwimimiselo.

Indlela yokucoca ichaphazeleka ngolu hlobo lwesisetyenziswa esisetyenziswayo kunye namandla alo. Indlela yokusetyenziswa, uhlobo lwepetroli, indlela yokususwa kweemveliso eziqhumayo, inkqubo yokupholisa, iimozulu zemozulu kunye nezinye iiparameters zezobugcisa ziqwalaselwa. Ukukhutshwa kocwangco lwamanzi okuthuthwa kwamanzi kulungelelaniswe kunye neenkonzo zokulawulwa kwongcoceko karhulumente, ukukhuselwa kwamanxweme kunye namanye amabhunga.

Ukuthuthwa kwezothutho

Ukuthuthwa kwempahla yangaphandle kunye neyangaphakathi yokuhamba kwempahla yokusebenza kwefom ye-substation yenzelwe ngokuthelekisa izibonakaliso zobuchwepheshe kunye nezoqoqosho ezikhethiweyo. Ukuthutha, umzila, amanzi, imoto okanye ukuthutha ngomoya kusetyenziswa. Ukunikezelwa kwabasebenzi kwindawo yabo yokuhlala kwindawo yokusebenza kwenziwa yindlela ehamba phambili yokuthutha, evumela ukuchitha ubuncinane bexesha.

Ukuthuthwa kweempahla kunye nabagibeli kwiindawo ezitshintshisayo ezikwimimandla yezoshishino zixhomekeke kwisikimu jikelele seendlela zokuthutha kunye nokuphuhliswa kweendlela zexesha elizayo. Kukho intsebenziswano encedisayo ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nezamashishini asebenzayo kunye namaprojekti.

Ukufumana, ukubonelela nokugcina ioli yeoli, igesi, ioli

Imfuneko yansuku zonke yeoli yeoli ibalwa ngokusekelwe kwintsebenzo yazo zonke iibilisi ezinezakhono eziqhelekileyo kwiiyure ezingama-20 zokusebenza. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo leenyanga ezibandayo zonyaka liqwalaselwa, ngoko kubalwa kwenziwa iiyure ezingama-24. Izityalo ezinamandla ezisebenza kwiibaseli ezinamandla zenzelwe ukuqwalasela ukwakhiwa kweyunithi yokudubula. Ukuba isetyenziselwa ukufudumala kwamanzi, iifama zaso zidibeneyo kunye nezolimo.

Ukuqulunqwa kwezixhobo zombane zoshishino kwenziwa ngokuqwalasela ukunikezelwa kweoli yeoli kwindawo yokuqala yokubilisa i-boiler kwinqanaba elisezantsi okanye elisezantsi leoli yombane. Ukuba igesi isetyenziselwa njengombane ophezulu, isitishi esilawula igesi siqikelelwe njengenxalenye yendlu yokubilisa. I-node yokusabalalisa ifakwe kwisitishi esakhiweni esithile okanye ngaphantsi kombhobho.

Ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli yegesi kunqunywe ukusuka ekubaleni ukuhamba kwamanzi kuwo onke amabheyili. Ukunikezelwa kwegesi kwenziwa ngokuhlukileyo kwiziko ngalinye lokusabalalisa, akukho nxi Inombolo yezixhobo zolawulo kwinqanaba lokuhambisa ngalinye libonelelwa enye enye, eyokugcina eyodwa.

Izikhululo zamandla zixhotyiswe ngophuhliso loqoqosho lweoli kunye ne- turbine oil. Ifama iquka iitank zokugcina iimveliso ezintsha kunye nezisebenzisiweyo, izixhobo zokupompa, izityalo ezomileyo kunye nezixhobo zokubuyisela. Ngethuba lokuzaliswa kweeyunithi zee-unit degassing units, ezikhuselwe yi-nitrogen okanye i-film material, ziyasetyenziswa. Kwi-substation complex, ioli ye-turbine kunye neetanki ze-transformer zifakiwe, iitank ezimbini zibonelelwe ngokwahlukileyo ukugcinwa kweoli injini.

Iprojekthi yonikezelo lombane ekhaya

Le projekthi yaphuhliswa unikezelo lwangaphandle zombane izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye noluntu, elingaphakathi kweentambo nezikrweqe ayifakwanga kumafa yayo. iiprojekthi kamabonwakude zenzelwe ukudibanisa amandla ombane ukuya abathengi kunye ubeko eqhelekileyo. Ukuba indawo izakhiwo zentendelezo kude isisombululo umgangatho, ngoko ke projekthi ehlaziyiweyo ukubonakalisa olu tshintsho.

Iprojekthi amandla yokuhlala busetyenziswa kakhulu izakhiwo ezitsha, apho wenkampani yokwakha linyanzelekile ukuba ubuncinane inani leendawo zokudibanisa. Kukho kuhlobo lweprojekthi, leyo ibizwa ngegama lakhe ngamnye, ukuvumela ukwenza uphuhliso ubonelelo ngombane lwangaphandle, zangaphakathi kunye noqoqosho. ubonelelo Urhwebo lombane yenza kube lula ukusebenza kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano kunye nomoya-moya.

Inkqubo yokubhalisa yeprojekthi

project ngamandla indawo yokuhlala kwigumbi kwi intliziyo iqulethe iinkcukacha. sithunyelwa yoyilo zabo ummeli lomthumeli umbane lo mbutho kwisicelo. Olu xwebhu lithi:

• igama nedilesi ziko;
• figure ixabiso design ombane;
• Iimpawu umthwalo kubalwa;
• Plug uhlobo ombane;
• Oku kubonisa indlela asebenzisa ngayo amandla, ezifana zokufudumeza kunye nemveliso amanzi ashushu.

Ukongeza ukwenza ingxelo kwisicwangciso jikelele kwisiza, amaxwebhu obunini, ilayisensi omenzelayo imisebenzi.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuqaliswa kweprojekthi kufuna ulwazi ngobuchule kunye namaphepha-mvume, ngoko ukwenziwa kwamaxwebhu iphathwa ziingcali Energy Company, iprojekthi elizimeleyo leyo engeyakwenziwa.