Ukubalwa kwe-Thermotechnical kwezakhiwo ezifakwe ngaphakathi: umzekelo wokubala nokuyila. Inkomfa yesibalo sobunjineli besibalo sezakhiwo ezifakekileyo

Ukudala izimo ezilungeleyo zokuphila okanye ukusebenzela ubomi ngumsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yintsimi yelizwe lethu kumaphondo ekumntla kunye nemozulu ebanda. Ngako oko, ukugcina ubushushu obukhululekile kwizakhiwo buhlala bukhohlakeleyo. Ngokukhula kweentlawulo zamandla, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza kushushu kufike phambili.

Iimpawu zemozulu

Ukukhethwa kokwakhiwa kweendonga nophahla kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwiimeko zemozulu zendawo yokwakha. Ingcaciso yabo kuyimfuneko ukubhekisela kwi-SP131.13330.2012 "Ukwakhiwa kwemozulu yendalo". Ezi xabiso ezilandelayo zisetyenzisiweyo kubalo:

• Ubushushu bexesha elibanda kakhulu leentsuku ezintlanu li-0.92, eliboniswe nguTn;
• Iqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo lichazwa yiT Thoth;
• Ixesha, lichazwa yi-ZOT.

Ngokomzekelo we-Murmansk, ixabiso lilandelayo:

• Тн = -30 degrees;
• Oko = -3.4 degrees;
• ZOT = iintsuku ezingama-275.

Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukuselela ubushushu bokubumba ngaphakathi kwigumbi le-TV, lugqitywe ngokuhambelana neGOST 30494-2011. Kwizindlu, ungathatha iTV = i-degrees ezingama-20.

Ukwenza ukubalwa kobunjineli bezakhiwo ezifakwe, i-GSOP (i-degree-degree of time of heat) ibalwa kwangaphambili:
I-GSOP = (i-TV-TOT) x ZOT.
Ngokomzekelo wethu, i-GSOP = (20 - (-3.4)) x 275 = 6435.

Izikhokelo eziphambili

Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zakhiwo ezifakwe kuyo, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa iimpawu ze-thermal ezifunekayo. Ikhono lezinto ezinokuqhuba ukushisa libonakaliswa ngumqhubi walo we-thermal, echazwe yileta yesiGrike l (lambda) kwaye ilinganiswa kwi-W / (mx degree). Ubuchule besakhiwo sokugcina ukushisa kubonakaliswa ukuchasana nokufudumala ukufudumala R kwaye lilingana nomlinganiselo wobunzima ukuya kwi-conductivity ye-thermal: R = d / l.

Kwimeko apho isakhiwo sineziqendu eziliqela, ulwalamano lubalwa kwisalathisi ngasinye kwaye sichazwe.

Ukumelana nokutshisa ukutshintshwa kuyisalathisi esona sikhokelo sobume bangaphandle. Ixabiso layo kufuneka lidlulele kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo. Ukwenza ubalo lobunjineli bokubala kwe- mvulophu yokwakha, kufuneka sikhethe ukubunjwa kwezoqoqosho kunye neendonga.

Iimpawu zokuziphatha ezifudumeleyo

Umgangatho we-insulating thermal uzimisele ngokukodwa ngokuqhutywa kwe-thermal conductivity. Impahla nganye eqinisekisiwe iqhutyelwa iimvavanyo zelabhoratri, ngenxa yoko eli xabiso lizimisele kwiimeko zokusebenza "A" okanye "B". Kwilizwe lethu ininzi kwimimandla idibana neemeko zokusebenza "B". Ukwenza ukubalwa kobunjineli bokubala kwezakhiwo ezifakekileyo zendlu, eli xabiso kufuneka lisetyenziswe. Imilinganiselo yokuqhuba i-thermal ishicilelwe kwilebula okanye kwipaspoti yezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa ukuba ayifumaneki, iimpawu zokubaluleka ezivela kwiCode of Practice zingasetyenziswa. Imilinganiselo yezinto ezidumileyo zinikezelwa ngezantsi:

• Ubumba obenziwe ngezitena eziqhelekileyo - 0.81 W (m × deg.).
• Ubumba obenziwe ngezitena zobisi - 0,87 W (m ² deg.).
• I-gesi kunye ne-foam ekhonkco (ubuninzi be-800) - 0,37 W (m ii-degrees).
• Imithi yeentlobo ze-coniferous yi-0.18 W (i-mx degree).
• I-polystyrene foam eyongeziweyo - 0.032 W (i-mx degree).
• Iimbumba ze-wool (u-180) - 0,048 W (ii-degrees).

Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokumelana nokutshintshwa kobushushu

Inani elibaliweyo lokumelana nokutshintshwa kobushushu akumele libe ngaphantsi kwexabiso lexabiso. Ixabiso lesiseko lichongiwe ngokweThebula 3 SP50.13330.2012 "Ukukhusela kwamaZakhiwo". Itheyibhile ichaza i-coefficients yokubala iimpawu ezisisiseko zokuchasana nokutshintshwa kobushushu bazo zonke izakhiwo ezidibeneyo kunye neentlobo zokwakha. Ukuqhubeka nokubala kwe-teplotehnichesky yokuqulunqwa kwemida, umzekelo wokubala ungaboniswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Rsten = 0.00035x6435 + 1.4 = 3.65 (mx deg / W).
• Рпокр = 0,0005х6435 + 2,2 = 5,41 (m ii degrees / W).
• Рчерд = 0,00045х6435 + 1,9 = 4,79 (m ii degrees / W).
• Rocka = 0.00005x6435 + 0.3 = 0.62 (mx deg / W).

Ukubalwa kwe-Thermotechnical yesakhiwo sokungena kwangaphandle senziwa kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezivala isiphaluka "sokufudumala" - umgangatho phantsi komhlaba okanye ukugqithwa komhlaba, iingonga zangaphandle (kubandakanywa iifestile kunye neengcango), ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiweyo okanye ukugqithwa kwe-attic. Kwakhona, kubalwe ukuba kubandakanywe izakhiwo zangaphakathi, ukuba umahluko weqondo lokushisa kumagumbi asondele kunamadridi angama-8.

Ubunjineli obushushu beendonga

Uninzi lweendonga kunye neelilings zenziwe ngamaninzi kwaye zichanekile ekwakhiweni kwazo. Ukubala kwe-Thermotechnical yezakhiwo ezifakwe kwisakhiwo selaylayer ilandelayo:
R = d1 / l1 + d2 / l2 + dn / ln,
Apho n iiparitha ze-n-th ungqimba.

Ukuba sibheka ityitye edibaniswe eludongeni, sithola lo lwakhiwo olulandelayo:

• Uluhlu lwangaphandle lwe-plaster u-3 cm ubukhulu, uqeqesho lwe-thermal 0.93 W (i-mx degree);
• Isitini esenziwe ngezitena zobumba eziqinileyo 64 cm, i-conductic thermal 0.81 W (i-mx degree);
• Ubungakanani obuphakathi kwe-3 cm cm, ubukhulu be-thermal conductivity 0.93 W (m × deg.).

Inkomfa yesibalo sobunjineli bokubala kwezakhiwo ezifakwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

R = 0.03 / 0.93 + 0.64 / 0.81 + 0.03 / 0.93 = 0.85 (m × deg / W).

Ixabiso elifunyenweyo liphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso elisekelwe ngaphambili ngaphambili lokulinganisa ukutshintshwa kweshushu kwiindonga zesakhiwo sokuhlala eMurmansk 3.65 (mx deg / W). Udonga aluhambisani neemfuno zokulawula kunye neemfuno zokufakwa. Sisebenzisa iibhodi ze-wool zamabhodi ezili-150 mm kunye nobukhulu bokushisa 0.048 W (i-mx degree) ukufudumala indonga.

Xa sele ukhethe inkqubo yoqheliselo lwe-thermal, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukuhlolwa kobunjineli bokubala kwezakhiwo ezifakwe. Umzekelo wokubala unikezwe ngezantsi:

R = 0.15 / 0.048 + 0.03 / 0.93 + 0.64 / 0.81 + 0.03 / 0.93 = 3.97 (mx deg / W).

Ixabiso elibaliweyo elibaliweyo likhulu kunexabiso elisezantsi-3.65 (mx deg / W), udonga olufakelwe umbane luhlangabezana neemfuno zeemimiselo.

Ukubalwa kweengubo zokugqithisa kunye nokugqithwa kwambatho kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo.

Ukubala kwe-thermotechnical of floor ekudibanisaneni nomhlaba

Ngokuqhelekileyo kumakhaya abucala okanye izakhiwo zikawonkewonke, iipansi zomgangatho wokuqala zenziwa phantsi. Ukuchasana ukutshisa ukutshintshwa kweendawo ezinjalo akuqhelekanga, kodwa ubuncinci ukwakhiwa kweendawo akufanele kuvumele ukuwa kwamama. Ukubalwa kwezakhiwo ezinxulumene nomhlaba kwenziwa ngokolu hlobo lulandelayo: iiplanga zihlukaniswe ngamaqela (indawo) ezimbini ububanzi ububanzi, ukusuka kumda ongaphandle. Iindawo ezinjalo zabiwe kwii-ezintathu, indawo eseleyo yindawo yesine. Ukuba ukwakhiwa komgangatho ongekho ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza, ukuchasana nokutshintshwa kobushushu kwemimandla kuyamkelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ummandla 1 - 2.1 (m ii degrees / W);
• Ummandla wesi-2 - 4.3 (m ii-degrees / W);
• Indawo ye-3 - 8.6 (m ii-degrees / W);
• Ummandla o-4 - 14.3 (m ii degrees / W).

Kulula ukubona ukuba umgangatho ophezulu wendawo uvela eludongeni lwangaphandle, ukuphakamisa ukuchasana nokutshintshwa kobushushu. Ngako oko, ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhawulelana nokugqitywa kwemida yomgangatho. Ngelo xesha, ukuchasana nokutshintshwa kobushushu kweso sakhiwo kufakwe kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa kobushushu kummandla.
Ukubalwa kokumelana nokutshintshwa kobushushu kumgangatho kufuneka kufakwe kubalo lobuninzi bobunjineli bezakhiwo zobungqingili. Umzekelo wokubala wehlabathi phantsi uya kuqwalaselwa ngezantsi. Sithatha indawo engama-10 x 10, elingana ne-100 sq.

• Ummandla wendawo e-1 iya kuba ngamamitha ayi-64.
• Ummandla wesi-2 i-32 square metres.
• Ummandla wesi-3 ngowama 4 square metres.

Inani eliqhelekileyo lokumelana nokutshintshwa kobushushu bomgangatho phantsi:
Рпола = 100 / (64 / 2,1 + 32 / 4,3 + 4 / 8,6) = 2,6 (m х grad / W).

Emva kokugqiba ukusikwa kwe-perimeter yomgangatho ngeplani ye-polystyrene kunye nobubanzi be-5 cm, imitha engama-1 ububanzi obubanzi, sithola ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokumelana nokutshintshwa kweshushu:

Рпола = 100 / (32 / 2,1 + 32 / (2,1 + 0,05 / 0,032) + 32 / 4,3 + 4 / 8,6) = 4,09 (m ii degrees / W).

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngale ndlela ayikho kuphela i-floors ibalwa, kodwa kwakhona izakhiwo zeendonga ziyaqhagamshelana nomhlaba (iindonga zomgangatho oqhekezayo, umgangatho ofudumeleyo).

Ubunjineli obushushu bezango

Ukuxhatshazwa kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa kwentsholongwane yeminyango yokungena kubalwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ukubala, kufuneka uqale ukubala ukuchasana nokutshintshwa kobushushu obunxwemeni ngokwemigangatho yokuhlanjululwa yococeko kunye nococeko (amazolo angabonwayo):
Рст = (Тв - Тн) / (ДТн х ав).

Lapha i-DTN - umahluko phakathi kobushushu phakathi kwendawo yangaphakathi eludongeni kunye nobushushu bomoya ekamelweni, lugqitywe yiKhowudi yeMigangatho kunye nezindlu ezine-4.0.
I-Av yinkqubo yokudlulisa ukushisa komda wangaphakathi kwodonga, ngokutsho komsebenzi odibeneyo ngu-8.7.
Inani lexabiso lezango lilingana no-0.6 x Pst.

Kwi-design ekhethiweyo yomnyango, kuyadingeka ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kobunjineli bokuqinisekisa ubungqina bezakhiwo ezidibeneyo. Umzekelo wokubala umnyango wokungena:

Рдв = 0,6 х (20 - (-30)) / (4 х 8,7) = 0,86 (m ± grad / W).

Leli xabiso elibalwe lihambelana nomnyango ongenamanzi kunye nebhodi ye-mineral wool 5 cm thick. Ukumelana nokutshintshwa kobushushu kuyakuba ngu-R = 0.05 / 0.048 = 1.04 (m × deg / W), ephezulu kunani elibaliweyo.

Iimfuno ezipheleleyo

Ukubalwa kweendonga, ukufakela okanye ukugubungelwa kwenziwa ukuba kuqinisekiswe iimfuno eziphambili zemigangatho. Iseti yemithetho iphinda iqulunqe imfuno epheleleyo ebonisa ukulinganisa kwezinto zonke ezifakiweyo ngokubanzi. Eli xabiso libizwa ngokuthi "uhlobo oluthile lokutshisa ukushisa". Ngaphandle kokungqinisiswa kwayo, akukho kubakho ukushisa ubunjineli bokubaluleka kwezakhiwo ezifihliweyo. Umzekelo wokubala ngokubhekiselele kwi-SP unikezelwa ngezantsi.

I-Kob = 88.77 / 250 = = 0.35, engaphantsi kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo lika-0.52. Kule meko, indawo kunye nomthamo kuthathwa kwindlu ekulinganisa i-10 x 10 x 2.5 m. Ukumelana nokutshatyalaliswa kokutshatyalaliswa kukulingana neemali zesiseko.

Ixabiso elilinganiselweyo limiselwa ngokuhambelana ne-JV, kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo ovuthayo wendlu.

Ukongezelela kwiimfuneko eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukubalwa kobunjineli bokubaluleka kwezakhiwo ezifakwe kwiinkalo zikwasetyenziswa ukuqokelela ipasipoti yamandla, umzekelo wokukhupha ipasipoti unikezelwa kwisihlomelo kwi-SP50.13330.2012.

Coefficient of homogeneity

Zonke izibalo ezingentla zisebenza kwizakhiwo ezihambelanayo. Ukuba ekusebenzeni kunqabile kakhulu. Ukuze uqwalasele i-inhomogeneity eyanciphisa ukuchasana nokutshintshwa kobushushu, ukulingana kwee-engineering engineering-r kuqaliswa. Iqwalasela ukutshintshwa kokutshatyalaliswa kokushisa okufakwe kwifestile kunye neminyango yomnyango, yangaphandle kwimiba engenayo ifom (ngaphandle komzekelo, iiphambano, iiplanga, ukubethelela amabhande), amabhuloho abandayo,

Ukubalwa kwale coefficient kunzima kakhulu, ngoko ke, ngendlela elula, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa amanani alinganisiweyo kwiincwadi zonxibelelwano. Umzekelo, ukwenzela izitena - 0.9, iipaneli ezintathu-0.7.

Ukufakelwa kweso

Ukukhetha inkqubo yokufudumala kwezindlu, kulula ukuqiniseka ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlangabezane neemfuno zanamhlanje zokukhusela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukukhuseleka ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba usebenzisa izitena zobumba zendabuko, uya kufuneka udinga ubuninzi beemitha ezili-mitha, ezingenakusebenza kwezoqoqosho. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuqhutyelwa kwe-thermal low heaters yanamhlanje kusekelwe kwi-polystyrne eyandisiweyo okanye uboya be-rock ivumela ukuba sinciphise ngokwamanqanaba e-10-20 cm.

Ngokomzekelo, ukwenzela ukufezekisa ubunzima bokubandezeleka kwe-3.65 (m × deg / W), uya kufuneka:

• Udonga lwezitena 3 m ubukhulu;
• Ubungqina be-foam zekhonkrithi ezi-1.4 m;
• Ukufakela uboya obunamaminerali 0,18 m.