Ukwakhiwa kophahla lwezindlu zokhuni: iimpawu zesakhelo kunye nokufakela

Xa kwakhiwa nayiphi na indlu, i- raft system inendima enkulu , eyenziwa ngamatye. Kwaye kwintoni na isakhiwo esakhiwa kuso, akukho nto ixhomekeke kuyo. Izinto ezinjalo zifanelekile nakuphi na uhlobo lophahla. Ukuqhawula ekupheleni kunakho nawuphi na umzobo, umzekelo, unokusebenza ngokukodwa, ukukhwabanisa, i-mansard njalonjalo-kukho iindlela ezininzi. Kule nqaku, makhe sijonge isakhiwo sophahla lwezindlu zokhuni, xubusha iindidi zayo kunye neefom zayo, iinkonzo zabo kunye neengxaki zabo.

Impawu zoKwakha

Okokuqala, xa ukwakhiwa kwindlu yokuhlala, i-future frame of frame is selected. Kuvela kule khombisi ukuba inkqubo yepakethe yeplanga ephantsi kwendlu yokhuni ixhomekeka, ubunzima bokusebenza, izinto eziphathekayo, imithwalo yokusebenza.

Ukukhetha ifom

Xa ukhetha ifom, kufuneka uqwalasele oku kulandelayo:

1. Isixa semvula esele kule ndawo. Ukuba le nani inenani elikhulu, ngoko kwakhiwa kwendlu yoplanga kufuneka kube phezulu, kwinqanaba elikhulu. Ukuba inani lemvula lingabalulekanga, khetha i-flat variant.
2. Uhlobo lwezinto zokuphahla. Ukukhethwa kweli nqaku kuchaphazeleke kakhulu umthamo wephahla. Kulolu hlobo lohlobo lwephahla kukho isibonakaliso esithile.

Kwezinye iimeko, abantu bafuna ukwakha uphahla oluhambelana nokukhetha kwabo. Kule meko, ukubalwa komntu ngamnye kwimizi enziwe kwimilo, kuqhutyelwa kuyo uhlobo oluthile lophahla.

Iintlobo eziphambili

Isakhiwo sophahla sezindlu zokhuni singaba ziintlobo ezimbini: i-flat and pitched. Umbono wokuqala uhlelwe kwinqanaba leeshumi. Naliphi na into ephakamileyo iya kuqwalaselwa. Ngaloo ndlela, ezi ntlobo zingaba neendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngasinye sichaphazela iimpawu zengubo. Izinto ezilula zizocwangcisa kunye neentlobo ezimbini. Emva koko, qwa lasela nganye ngcaciso.

Umqhubi omnye

Olu lwakhiwo olulula lophahla lwezindlu zokhuni. Yona iphambuka, indiza ehlala phezu kweendonga zendlela ephakamileyo. Olu lwakhiwo luye lusetyenziselwa nezakhiwo zendlu.

Gable

Phakathi kwezinto ezintle zezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

1. Ukuba ukufakela kwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, izakhiwo ze-thermal insulation of roof will increase.
2. Xa kwakhiwa uphahla oluphakamileyo , kukho indawo eyongezelelweyo ebonakalayo, enokusetyenziswa njenge-attic.
3. Ebusika, iqhwa alihlali phezu kophahla kwaye lisuswa yedwa. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo asixhomekeke kwimithwalo eyongezelelweyo.
4. Uphahla lwesigxina sendlu enomthi, owakhiwa unxantathu, alugcinanga umswakama, owonakalisa umthi.
5. Uphahla lwe-gable lufakwe ngendlela enjengokuthi amanzi emvula okanye iqhwa lidibanise amanzi awangena kwiindonga zokhuni. Lo mbandela ukwandisa ubomi bendlu.
6. Ukulungiswa okungabizi.
7. Ukufakwa kwephahla lomgubo akuthathi ixesha kunye nomzamo.

Flat

Ukwakhiwa kophahla oluphangaleleyo lwezindlu zokhuni kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa loo ndawo kwilizwe apho kuncitshiswa khona imvula encinane. Njengomthetho, ezo zindlu zakhiwe kwimimandla esezantsi.

Ukuqhawula okuphambili kufana nokwakhiwa kunye nophahla lwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo. Ukudalwa kwelo hlobo akudingi imali enkulu, kuba akuyimfuneko ukuseka inkqubo enkulu. Le nkqubo inamalungu alandelayo:

• Isiseko sokhuni esinamandla;
• I-Hydro, i-steam ne-thermal insulation.

I-Hip

Into ekhoyo yale ntlobo yimiba yeentaba ezimbini zokubunjwa kwetantathu, ezikufutshane neendlela zokuhamba. Ezi ngxande zengxande zibizwa ngokuba ziziqhenqa. Ukwakhiwa kweprogram yodonga lwephahla kwindlu yokhuni yinto enzima, ngoko ukufakela kwayo kudinga izakhono ezizodwa. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu, njengomthetho, ifowuni efakwe.

Semi-Walm

Olu lwakhiwo luphakathi kwezinye ezimbini iintlobo zokuphahla: i-hip kunye ne-gable. Xa kuthelekiswa neentlobo zangaphambili, unesimo se trapezium. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwimida, kukho intlambo yesigxina. Nanku ungaphinda ufake ifestile okanye uhlambulule ukubonakala ngokuncediswa kwesigxina se-shaft.

Iholide yehahla le-Hip

Lo mbono ufana nendlu yangaphambili, enesimo esingunxantathu. Izinto zixhunyiwe kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Amacala ophahla alinganayo kuwo onke macala, kwaye i-ridge ayifumaneki. Ulwakhiwo olunjalo luvame ukusetyenziswa kwizindlu zangasese okanye ezikwere. Ngokumelana nokukhawuleza kwezulu kunye neengqungquthela ezinamandla zomoya.

Multi-clasp

Iimpawu ezahlukileyo zezi ntlobo bubungqina bezinto ezininzi, izibambo kunye nezikhiti. Yenzelwe ngqo indlu ethile. Ukufakwa koyilo olunjalo luyinkimbinkimbi, olufuna izakhono ezithile, ngoko kukulungele ukunika umsebenzi ootitshala.

Uyilo lophahla lwendonga yezindlu zokhuni

Ngenye indlela, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngumgca ophukileyo. Itholakala kwinqanaba elithile, elisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwee-attic. Ndiyabulela kwikink ephantsi kwethambeka, kwi-attic ungakha ikamelo elongezelelweyo. Ukongeza, iifestile naluphi na ubungakanani obuya kuphakanyiswa eluphahleni.

IDome

Le ntlobo ayiyinqabileyo. Inombono wekona kwaye ayiqukethe nayiphi na iibangele kunye nezikhalazo. Olu hlobo lusetyenziswa njengezinto ezihlukeneyo kwizakhiwo ezincinci, umzekelo, kwi-pergola. Xa ufaka uphahla olujikelezayo kwisakhiwo esikhulu ixesha elininzi kunye nemigudu iyaqhutywa, kwaye le nkqubo ibiza kakhulu.

Idibeneyo

Olu hlobo lunesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunabo bonke, kungenxa yokuba idibanisa iintlobo ezininzi. Ifakwe kwizakhiwo ezinkulu, apho kukho i-gazebos, iibhalkoni, njl. Ingakwazi ukufaka iiifestile zombini ubuncinci kunye namakhulu amakhulu. Isixhobo esinjalo sendlu yokhuni sibiza kakhulu, kwaye ukufakwa ngaphandle kweengcali akunakwenzeka.

Izinto ezinophahla lwezindlu zokhuni

Izinto eziphambili kwanoma yiliphi uphahla ziquka: i-rafter system, i-crate kunye ne-mauerlat. Kukho izinto ezongezelelweyo, ezinjengeengqungquthela, iintsika, ii-bolts, njl njl. Zizibophelela kwaye zijongene namandla onke kwisakhiwo ngokupheleleyo. Makhe siqwalasele iinkcukacha ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba elisezantsi.

Mauerlat

Ingumthamo womthi, osetyenziselwa njengendlela yokuzila okuphambili kwindlela yokugada. Kufumaneka kufuphi neendonga ezisekelayo ukusuka kumacala athile. Ama-mauerlates angangqamaniso adibaniselwano ngokusebenzisa imithi yamatye, i-staples kunye ne-bolts. Iibhasi zifakwe kwisiqingatha secandelo. I-Mauerlatt iphakame kwiindonga zendlu, okanye kunoko, kwihange. Ihlanganiswe ngamacwecwe okanye iintambo. Emva koko ukuvalwa kwamanzi kwenziwa. Njengomthetho, kuqhutyelwa kwiindawo zokuhlamba, nangona ezinye izinto zingasetyenziswa.

Inkqubo yokuqhawula

Isiseko salo naluphi uphahla yindlela yokukhwela. Zonke izakhi zalo zakhiwo, ubukhulu kunye nomlo zihambelana ngqo nesakhiwo esizayo. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa kwilungiselelo elungileyo lokuthwala izindonga kunye neenkxaso. Njengoko banako ukukhonza iiplanga zokhuni ezahlukeneyo nobude. Ezinye izinto zingasetyenziswa.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeendlela zokurhweba: zilahla kwaye zixhoma. Uhlobo lokuqala lwenkqubo yokhuni luquka iiplanga ezixhasayo ezingenakwenziwa kuphela kwiindonga ezithwala imithwalo, kodwa nakwahlulo. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Hanging kwakhona kufakwe kwiindonga zokuthwala, kodwa ngokungafani nohlobo lwangaphambili aluxhomeki kwizahlulelo. Ukusabalalisa imithwalo phakathi kwee-support, jumpers zenziwe. Zizinzileyo ekupheleni. Ngaloo ndlela, uxinzelelo alubonakali ngenye inxalenye yodonga, kodwa luyilo lonke.

Ukuze uqonde le ngxaki, qwa lasela uphahla olulula. Ukwakhiwa kophahla lwezindlu zokhuni, oko kukuthi i-truss system, kuxhomekeke kumgama phakathi kweendonga. Kukho okukhethwa kukho:

1. Umgama phakathi kokubamba iindonga ungaphantsi kweemitha eziyi-6. Kule meko, i-rafter system iya kufakwa kwi-Mauerlat kuyo yonke indawo. Olu qulunqo lubonwa njengoluqilima, ngoko luyakwazi ukumelana naluphi na uhlobo lokuphahla.

2. Umgama phakathi kokubamba iindonga uphakathi kwe-6 ne-8 mitha. Kule meko, iinkqubo ezininzi ze-rafter zixhunye kunye ndawonye nge-bolt.

3. Umgama phakathi kokubamba iindonga uphakathi kweemitha ezili-8 ukuya kwe-12. Le ndlela yeerfter ineziganeko zayo. Iimithi zokhuni zifakwe kwizahlulo, kwaye enye into enjalo iyanelisekile. Kwenzeka ukuba umgama ube ngamitha ezili-16. Emva koko kukho ezininzi ezincedisayo.

Ukuba indlu ayinalo iindonga eziphathekayo zangaphakathi, kwaye umgama mkhulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlobo lokumiswa kwee-rafters. Kule meko, ukwakhiwa kuya kusekelwe ekuqiniseni, kwaye kwakhona, kwi-Mauerlat. Ukuqiniswa kufuneka kuqhubeke. Ukuba akukho nto inokwenzeka, ngoko uya kuyenza.

Ekuqaleni komsebenzi, izihluthulelo zihlala zifakwa kwiindawo ezigqithiseleyo zodongeni. Kuxhomekeka kubo umlo ophahleni. Ukufakela kwezinto ezinqabileyo ezixhomekeke kuzo kuxhomekeke kwizinto zokukhupha.

Yintoni ebalulekileyo yekreate?

Ukubhinqa kubaluleke kakhulu into ebophayo eluphahleni. Ukuba lenziwe ngento elula, ikrekthi iyaqina. Njengoko ingaba iplasela yomthi. Ukufumana izinto ezinqabileyo kunye nobuninzi bokuphahla, i-kreate iyakhethwa nge-pitch ye-50 cm. Amandla nokubonakala kwiphahla kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokuphahla.

Izinto

Ukwakhiwa kophahla lwezindlu zokhuni kunokuhluka. Zininzi iintlobo zezi zinto. Phakathi kwazo zilandelayo:

• Roll;
• I-Bitumen;
• Iileyili zetera neensimbi;
• Slate;
• Ondulin.

Kwizindlu ezincinci kunye nezakhiwo zendlu, njengomthetho, ukuphahla okulula kukhethwe, umzekelo, i-ondulin, ibhodi edibeneyo kunye netyileni yensimbi. Ukufakela kwezi zixhobo akuthathi ixesha kunye nomzamo. Ukongeza, iindleko zabo ezantsi zikhokelela abantu abaninzi. I-Ondulin ibiza ukusuka kuma-ruble ama-250 ngephepha ngalinye, i-tile yensimbi - i-ruble engama-300, echaziweyo-i-ruble 200. Iimarike zinika ukhetho olubanzi lweemveliso zamanye amazwe nakwamanye amazwe. Impahla nganye ineempawu zayo, imbonakalo kunye neempawu.

Kuzo izakhiwo ezinkulu zendawo ezininzi, isakhiwo esinamandla esinamandla kunye nobunzima obuphezulu, isibonelelo, iileyili zeramic. Iindleko zalo kwiimarike zifikelela kuma-ruble angama-400 kwiphepha ngalinye, ngelixa lifuneka lichithe imali ekufakweni kwayo. Uphahla olunjalo lujamelana nayo nayiphi na imvula yamanzi, imithwalo, ikhulisa izakhiwo zokuqhawula ingxolo.

Kwizakhiwo eziqhelekileyo, ungasebenzisa izinto zokwenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, umzekelo, izinto zokuphahla, iindleko zokufikelela kwiiruble eziyi-100 nganye. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze ukufakelwa kophahla, kufuneka ubeke i-heater.

Ulwazi olongezelelweyo

Zonke izakhi zoophahla zendlu zidinga ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Okokuqala, baqwalasela imeko yokhuni, oku:

• Ibha yomthi kufuneka ibe yomswakama wendalo.
• Ibhodi edibeneyo yomiswe kwikamelo elikhethekileyo.
• Izinto ezinokuthi zenziwe ngamaplanga kufuneka zibe nomxholo wobumanzi obuthathu%.

Xa udweba uphahla lwezindlu zokhuni, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela eso sibonakaliso njenge-shrinkage.
Ukuba awuwulandeli olu phawu, uya kudla ukulungisa uphahla.

I-rafter inkqubo ifuna unyango olulodwa. Xa ukhetha oko, umntu kufuneka acinge ngale mithetho:

• Inkqubo yesibhakabhaka ibalwa;
• Ngaphambi kokufakwa kophahla, indlu yokhuni kufuneka ihlale ubuncinane ngonyaka;
• Kwizinto eziphahlayo akufanelekanga ukugcina.

Ukuba zonke izinto zidibene ngokucophelela, ngoko uyilo luzakuhlala ixesha elide.

Emva kokugqiba ukufakela, uphahla lwezindlu zokhuni lihlolwe rhoqo ngexesha lokuqhekeka. Xa kuthe kwafunyanwa, kufuneka bachithe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba oku kungenziwanga, imeko iya kuba yingozi, kwaye uza kufuneka uchithe imali eyongezelelweyo ekulungiseni uphahla.

Ngoko, sihlolisise uhlobo olunjani lwezinto zokuphahla kunye nokuba yintoni isixhobo sophahla lwezindlu zokhuni. Ngoku uyazi ukuba luhlobo luni lwakhiwo olunokusetyenziswa ngalo.