Ukusebenza igesi phantsi isobaric, isothermal kunye neenkqubo adiabatic

Ngundoqo phantse naluphi injini ubushushu na isenzeko thermodynamic njengoko umsebenzi owenziwe igesi ngexesha ukwanda okanye ukurhwaqela. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba physics emsebenzini ibhekisela kwisingqinisiso oluninzi, nezibonakalisa isenzo imikhosi ethile emzimbeni. Ngokungqinelana igesi yomsebenzi, imfuno ukuzaliseka apho ukutshintsha umthamo wayo, akukho nto kodwa imveliso yengcinezelo olu tshintsho mqulu.

umsebenzi igesi ukutshintsha umthamo wayo isenokuba isobaric nesimilo isothermal. Ukongeza, inkqubo ukwanda ngqo kubakho, kwaye esicalanye. umsebenzi Gas enzekayo phantsi ukwandiswa isobaric, ungazifumana ngokuthi indlela kulandelayo:

A = pΔV,

apho p - Uphawu oluninzi yengcinezelo igesi, kunye ΔV - umahluko phakathi umthamo lokuqala nelokugqibela.

gas Process ulwandiso olungenazo physics ngokuqhelekileyo zimelwe njenge ukulandelelana ngamnye inkqubo isobaric kunye isochoric. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe Eboniswe ukuba irhasi ukusebenza njengoko indices yayo oluninzi ngu zero kuba akukho ukuhamba piston akwitankana lokugcina. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, kuvela ukuba igesi umsebenzi kwi inkqubo engenasizathu ziya kwahluka ngokomlinganiselo ngqo yokwanda umthamo isitya, apho intshukumo piston.

Ukuba sithelekisa umsebenzi owenziwe igesi ngexesha ukwandiswa ucinezelo, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba ngexesha nokwandiswa ulwalathiso kumda wesangqa ukubana le piston ingqamana kumda wesangqa ye amandla xi le gesi ngokwayo, kodwa kwi scalar igesi umsebenzi kubalwa HIV imikhosi yangaphandle - negative. Xa zixinaniswe gas phantsi kolwalathiso jikelele intshukumo lombhobho ingqamana sele kumda wesangqa ye amandla wangaphandle, ngoko umsebenzi wabo abasebenza igesi akhabayo kunye navumelanayo.

Ingqalelo umba "umsebenzi owenziwa irhasi 'abuyonto ukuba zange kwakhona kuchaphazela kunye neenkqubo adiabatic. Phantsi into enjalo kuzo obizwa kuthetha inkqubo apho kungekho abelane naziphi na maqurhu angaphandle. Kunokwenzeka, umzekelo, kwimeko apho kukho isitya kunye piston ukusebenza ibonelelwe nobushushu kakuhle thermal. Ukongeza, ucinezelo igesi okanye iinkqubo ukwandiswa na lifike adiabatic ukuba utshintsho ixesha umthamo igesi kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu ixesha lekhefu kumke ngazo lwesilinganiso oshushu phakathi irhasi kunye imizimba ezingqongileyo.

Eyona ngokuqhelekileyo nazo kwinkqubo adiabatic kubomi bemihla ngemihla zingathathwa ngokuba umsebenzi piston kwi injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. Undoqo yale nkqubo zilandelayo: njengoko siyazi kuwo umthetho wokuqala obizwa, utshintsho amandla lwangaphakathi igesi nangokobungakanani ulingane nomkhosi emsebenzini, wawusalathiswa ngaphandle. Lo msebenzi kwicala yawo HIV, kwaye ke ngoko ke amandla lwangaphakathi irhasi iza kunyuka, kwaye iqondo nokuvela ngokwakhe. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo zokuqala, kucacile ukuba phantsi adiabatic umsebenzi ukwanda igesi kuya kwenzeka ngenxa Ukwehla amandla yayo yangaphakathi, ngokulandelelana, ubushushu kule nkqubo iza kuncipha.