Ukusebenza Zeigarnik in bengqondo

Maxa wambi siye ukuba ushiye le okanye elo nyathelo engaphelelanga ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kaloku, emva kokuba ubunzima ebusuku, yaye oku imicimbi engagqitywanga iza kukhumbuza ngokwam amaxesha iingcinga okruqulayo, nokuba kunjalo kwaye akukho mfuneko ukugqiba phambi kokuphela ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Oku konke akuthethi kuthi degree yethu eliphezulu nesazela okanye into elolo hlobo. Le nto ke ukuba imfundiso yanamhlanje zeGestalt bengqondo, kukho into enjalo njenge isiphumo Zeigarnik, apho bakhoyo igama layo eSoviet lwezenzululwazi B. V. Zeygarnik.

Ngubani na yena - Blum Volfovna?

Blum wazalwa ngo-1900 kwi-mpuma weRashiya, kwaye ebuntwaneni bakhe kunye nolutsha akazange athembise ukuba impumelelo aphezulu psychopathology. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-21, yena wavuka utshatile kwaye wafudukela Berlin, apho waya kwanokholeji.

Kwaba kuphela ngexesha lotyelelo ezirekhodiweyo yena ngokucokisekileyo abanomdla kwingcingane bomntu, ngokunjalo neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezithi zenzeke ukuziphatha kwabantu kwindawo ukuhlukunyezwa ethile.

Kuyamangalisa ukuba isenzeko, leyo kamva ukunika igama "Effect Zeigarnik in ngengqondo" yaye kuzukisa Volfovna Blum, waba into zokufunda kumsebenzi kagqirha nangoku kwiminyaka yakhe umfundi kwaye isihloko ephambili yale ithisisi. Kakade ke, ubomi bakhe, uNkosk Zeigarnik wenza izinto ezifunyaniswe ezininzi, wasebenza umncedisi L. S. Vygotskogo kwikliniki neuropsychiatric kwi-Institute of Ukuhlola Medicine. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, ukufunda kwaye sivulelekile ukuba ihlabathi eselula, uye waba negalelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zeGestalt psychology yehlabathi lanamhlanje.

Ibhayisekili kwengqondo Russian Berlin umlungiseleli

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, isiphumo Zeigarnik lavulwa Ms. ngugqirha ngexesha usengumfundi. Ngaphandle owawuyiyo kwiminyaka 20 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kwaye Blum oselula ngaloo mihla umqeqeshwa kwi izibane nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwe Kurt Lewin. Ngandlel 'ithile kanye ugqirha enkulu sisazinzulu wagqiba kwelokuba kutyelela enye cafes German yesiqhelo abaninzi, ukucela ukuba umqeqeshwa yakhe Zeigarnik. Ifuthe isenzo kwi inkqubela njengenye imithetho zeGestalt psychology wazalelwa umfundi intloko ngosuku, njengoko kwenzeke ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo.

Xa kwafika umlungiseleli, akazange abhale igama elinye ukusuka kuluhlu isaziso kwee-odolo iindwendwe, kodwa kwangaxeshanye musa ukulibala lutho, yaye emva kwexesha kwakukho izitya phezu kwetafile. Umnqa ukukwazi kuyamangalisa ukuba bakhonze umsebenzi, Blum wathi Volfovna inkumbulo elungileyo kakhulu umlungiseleli. Noko ke, yena wathi akazange ezama ukubhala. Emva koko Zeigarnik wacela umlungiseleli kukubiza wayalela abantu, ngokwetafile, apho waba phambi - yaye akaba nako ukukhumbula ngokupheleleyo umyalelo, becaphula a cafe ephithizelayo.

Iimvavanyo zokuqala le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa isiqinisekiso

Nomdla kulo mba kwaye ufuna inkxaso yakhe zenzululwazi, emva kwexesha elithile Zeigarnik Blum kunye nomhlobo wakhe neclassmate noMariya Ovsyankina sagqiba ekubeni yenze isixa esithile yamava.

Imisebenzi ahlolwayo ababandakanyekayo iqela elithile labantu kubo njongo sasimi imisebenzi yengqondo. Kulo mzekelo, abanye abantu bakwazi ukucombulula ngokupheleleyo ingxaki, kodwa ezinye waphazamiseka, iyenza nzima ukuba agqibe umsebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa kamva kuvavanyo babuzwe malunga nokuqulethwe kule misebenzi, nabo abo bangakwazanga ukuzisombulula nge kuphela khumbula ngokucacileyo iimeko izabelo. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba 'isiphumo Zeigarnik ". Okanye - ngendlela eyahlukileyo - isiphumo sokusebenza inkqubela.

ukusebenza Zeigarnik, okanye indlela yokusebenzisa umgaqo epheleleyo

Wonke meko zengqondo iye izicelo layo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ngoko ke elowo kuthi nzima ngenxa yezenzo uncompleted, ukuwathuthumbisa ngokwakhe iinkumbulo engamkelekanga malunga isiganeko esithile.

Akukho mntu uthanda ukungaqiniseki. Kodwa namhlanje, abathengisi ezininzi kunye abazisebenzisayo isiphumo sokusebenza inkqubela ukuze ukususa impahla kumaphepha e web, kwaye nje zenze kamabonakude.

Zisebenza njani? Xa kufikwa nentengiso kwi kumaphepha e web, ntonje kwi kwebhanile isicelo kuphela mabinzana ukuba ndibhenele kubathengi. Noko ke, ukuba ziyilwe ngendlela yokuba kubonakala phahla. Ngoko ke, abasebenzisi lamaphepha web, engaqondanga sikuphephe isiphumo incompleteness, ukuthunyelwa, nokufumana ulwazi olutsha. Kulo mzekelo i data ziya emazifunwe ngcono kakhulu ngenxa yokuba kwakukho umgaqo epheleleyo.

Ke ngoku cela, yaye kutheni intengiso kamabonakude ezinye esoloko ujikeleza kwimemori? Siya kuphendula wena, kube ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, ifuthe incompleteness. Amaxesha amaninzi izikrini ukufikelela thina abavelisi Unyango, ingxoxo kunye kumboniseli, qiniseka ukuba ibandakanye umbuzo, enyanisweni, enkulu kuzo zonke, wawukhumbula.

Le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa incompleteness ngothando

Ngokufuthi, asinakukwazi ukulibala ngale okanye loo mntu, ethe waba neentlobano zothando nokuba nobuhlobo, ukuzithethelela ngokwabo kwaye ukhetha ukuthethelela iziphumo ezahlukeneyo engqondweni. ukusebenza Zeigarnik uyakwazi ukuchaza kakhulu ukubandezeleka kuba ubudlelwane, ingakumbi xa kwakungekho ukwahlukana ezicacileyo kunye nempahla phakathi kwicandelo amahlakani.

Ngako oko ke kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ahlukane abangabathandi zangaphambili nithetha efowunini okanye kwi-Internet. aziyi kuba nako ukuphumeza ekupheleni njengommangali, oko konke, yaye le meko aliphelelanga ndabalalela njengengwe kwi ienjini yabantu, ngaphandle ukhupha umfanekiso owayeyintombi.

Kunjalo yonxulumano utshabalale ngenxa umgama ngesiquphe phakathi kwabantu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba omnye isiqingatha iya kusebenza kwenye sixeko, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe sirhoxe umntu omthandayo, kufuneka ukuba ubunyani lokuqhekeza buqu. Kungenjalo, ezifana ikhefu "cwaka" ukuze sazi kuchaphazela ienjini zeqela owenzakeleyo.

Indlela ukuqaphela isiphumo Zeigarnik nendlela ukulwa nalo?

Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, abanye benu baye baqalisa ukucinga, yaye musa nabonakalisa ukuphila kwakho ukuba oku ifuthe isenzo kwinkqubela? Makhe uzame ukuqonda.

Isibakala sokuba kukho ezinye iimpawu, ngathi ezininzi izifo, abonisa imigaqo rhoqo elibujikele incompleteness ebomini bakho:

• Ukuba nawe uziva yinkxalabo, nangona namathelwano yobomi, umsebenzi olungileyo nokuba nosapho;
• ukuba ubomi bakho zobuqu akwenziwa kwakhona kwaye kwakhona ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo kuwe;
• ukuba usoloko ucinga baziqeshisela ukuqhubeka amagama athile interlocutor;
• Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba inyathelo ngakumbi phezu iharika efanayo.

Ezi mpawu zingentla - oku kwenza imiqondiso lokungaphumeleli ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Zonke iingxaki kulala phakathi mntu ngokwakhe. Kufuneka nje ukuba uvule amehlo ethu ukuba inyaniso maxa wambi ibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye uhlaziye imeko engagqitywanga ezikhoyo.

Kwaye akukho unyango akufuneki ukuba, ingasingasinga ukuba nabahlobo abadala uze ugqibezele le imicimbi engagqitywanga ayikho imfuneko. ukwenza nje ingqondo ngenxa ngokwayo, its been ixesha elide, kwaye imeko lixesha ukuba uhambe, musa mfuneko umntu ku hlamusela nokuzisola. Uya kubona - ubomi buya kuba lula. ke nje.