Ukusetyenziswa - yintoni na le nto? Iimpawu kunye nonyango kwezifo

Ukusetyenziswa - lo gama endala eyaziwa ehlabathini lonke wayeyoyika sephepha nezifo. It is a usuleleko okubangelwa igciwane Mycobacterium tuberculosis ezintsonkothileyo. Ukususela ngokoyiswa tubercle bacilli kwiimeko ezininzi ubunzima inkqubo yokuphefumla, kodwa nazo xa yezonyango kunye amehlo nesifo sephepha, amalungu kunye namathambo, iindawo nkovu neuropathy kunye namaziko womchamo.

izibalo

isifo asetyenzisiweyo kwakuxhaphakile e Tsarist Russia. Isikakhulu sifo ubunzima abalimi bahluphekayo ngubani yonke imihla phantsi kuxhatshazo kakhulu. Ukwanda ebukhali nokuyibulala kwesi sifo ezenzeke kulo ngenkulungwane XVIII-XIX. ukusetyenziswa liphala ngenkulungwane ye-19 yaba isibetho ikhoyo eli lizwe, ezithi izigidi zabantu kunyaka ngamnye. Nangona zonke ohlala 7 of Europe wafa kwesi sifo.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-20, ukusetyenziswa waqhubeka ukuba ukusasazeka lonke sifo. Okwangoku, ngokutsho World Health Organization, ihlabathi baphila malunga nezigidi ezingama-20 izigulane kunye nesifo sephepha, yaye kufuneka 7 yezigidi kubo uhlobo esisulelayo esi sifo. Rhoqo ngonyaka abantu ngaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 ababulawa sisifo sephepha, yaye zimalunga nesi-3.5 yezigidi ndisifa kuyo.

A bit yomlando

Abantu ngaphambili elikude babekholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa - sisifo esosulelayo, njengoko ukunyamekela umntu ogulayo ngexesha elifutshane baqala ukuba buhlungu kuye. Kwakukho uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo malunga nohlobo kwesi sifo, kodwa bonke sizathu.

inkqubela enkulu ekuqondeni uhlobo sifo kwaphunyelelwa ngenkulungwane ye-19. A indima enkulu kule ebidlalwe zizazinzulu abaziwayo ezifana Jean-Antoine Vilma, René-Theophile Lennek kunye noRobert Goch. Ngoko ke, Lennek wadala indlela yokwakheka-lwezonyango, ebandakanya ukusetyenziswa fyabo kuyinto yeSkrini. Vilmenu ayiphumelelanga ukungqina ukuba ukusetyenziswa esosulelayo. Kwaye ngo 1882, Goch yafunyanwa Mycobacterium tuberculosis, kamva igama emva kwakhe. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukusetyenziswa twist mihla - na isifo sephepha.

Kule 8 kweminyaka emva kokufunyanwa inegciwane Goch echithwe neenkcubeko isifo sephepha imifuniselo zizifo. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe baye benza igalelo elikhulu kuphela kunyango, kodwa kwakhona nokuthintela izifo.

Iimpawu zesi sifo

Iarhente causative sephepha na Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nto ixesha elide (ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu) uyakwazi ukugcina nokubanakho nokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza ukuxhathisa amachiza ezahlukeneyo.

Umthombo losulelo na ukusetyenziswa ngabantu-yenethiwekhi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sifo sisasazwa ngamathontsi emoyeni, kodwa kusenokwenzeka usulelo umthondo tuberculosis ngokusebenzisa emathunjini kwaye kwimeko ukusetyenziswa inyama okanye ubisi lwezilwanyana ezisulelweyo.

Zomzimba apho wahlala pathogen ukwakha nakujoliso olutsha lwe nangokurhala, leyo baye necrosis caseous kunye zinyibilike ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni ityhefu bacteria. Ngezinga eliphezulu yokuxhathisa okukwazi data nakujoliso olutsha nga calcify. Phantsi kweemeko ezingentle kukho kukudala nomnyibilikisi necrosis kwisisu-kwisisu.

OQhelekileyo oSetyenziswa: Iimpawu

Ukutyiwa ibonakalaliswe ziimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ezibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Iqondo ophezulu. izigulane Fever ngokuqhelekileyo kuyinyamezela lula ngobulungisa kwaye lusoloko phantse uzive. Ngokuqhelekileyo, emini ubushushu kuhlala eziqhelekileyo, ngokuhlwa ixesha elifutshane, oko ezinophawu ukwanda degrees-1 okanye ezi-2, kunye nokuxhuma enjalo iyahlozinga kwaye kwenzeka izihlandlo ezimbalwa ngeveki.
• ukubila kakhulu. Izigulane nesifo sephepha kwi zigaba yokuqala isifo ezikhala ukubila kakhulu kwi esifubeni nentloko. Uphawu of "bag ezimanzi" okanye ukubila kakhulu ibonakala nesifo miliary, inyumoniya caseous , kunye nezinye iintlobo kakhulu sephepha.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya. Imiphunga akanako ukunika umzimba kunye nemali efunekayo oksijini, yaye ngoko ke naxa umzimba ephantsi kubonakala dyspnea.
• Khohlo. Kumanqanaba okuqala Ukhohlokhohlo sifo hlobo ukuze babe khona, izigulane kunqabile nesaziso ukubonakala kumaxesha ngamaxesha khohlo. Ngenxa yenkqubela lwesifo sephepha le ziyanyuswa kwaye ukhohlokhohlo inokuba ingxaki njengoko (eyomileyo) kunye nemveliso (kunye isikhohlela). ukukhohlela Dry na uphawu xesha lokuqala sifo, lo gama i-tuberculosis okuqhubekayo ihamba zesikhohlela zizo ukukhohlela.
• Hemoptysis. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le uphawu uyaqapheleka cirrhotic, fibrocavernous tuberculosis infiltrative ye emiphungeni. Njengomgaqo, hemoptysis ithe yaqukwa, kodwa emva kokukhutshwa igazi elitsha nangoku lokugula iintsuku eziliqela waqhubeka ukuba sikhohlele egazi ezimnyama.
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni. Kakhulu, bona ziphawulwe ngexesha ukukhohlela. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukongeza imiphunga inkqubo etshabalalisayo lwachaphazela iimakhishithi pleural.

Ixesha sokuqala kweempawu

Isifo sephepha - sisifo ixesha elide ukungavakali. Eziphilayo kakhulu abantu abosulelekileyo uyakwazi kulwa arhente, lo gama ekuthinteleni ukukhula kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, lo lokwesulela ukuya kude umzimba, kodwa iya nje ibe ifomu opholileyo. Umntu akayi kuba iimpawu zesi sifo, enyanisweni, ukutyiwa ukuze kuphuhliswe konke konke. Kodwa nje ukuba amajoni omzimba buthathaka, esi sifo ingaguqulwa njani na ibe uhlobo esebenzayo. Kulo mzekelo, iimpawu bangenza ngokwayo waziva kwiinyanga, okanye iminyaka emva kokosuleleka.

Iimpawu zonyango

Ukusetyenziswa - isifo efuna unyango esimbaxa kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi antibacterial kunye novithamini therapy. Kuba uvuselelo isigulane kufuna ulwamkelo ngaxeshanye-arhente ezininzi anti-TB, njengoko kuphela isiphumo iyonke kwamachiza eziliqela ekwaziyo yokubatshabalalisa Goch lesifo. Indlela ephambili ekulweni isifo sephepha limi unyango polycomponent anti-TB. Kumanqanaba kamva esi sifo kucetyiswa ukwenza utyando - resection inxalenye uchaphazelekayo kwemiphunga.

Kumaxesha yokusebenzisa mihla - isisifo esinyangekayo. Eyona nto iphambili kule - ukukhumbula ukuba ekuqaleni isifo ibhaqwe, kokukhona kuya ayibulale.