Ukuxinana concrete: uhlobo mninzi calculation

Ukuxinana kwezi concrete - yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo kule nto, nto leyo isakhiwo kunamandla. It ineendlela ezininzi, kodwa kukho ethile, kuchazwe ubunzima ebalulekileyo. Ngezi iingcali kubeka phezulu kwinqanaba loyilo kunye nolwakhiwo. Lo msebenzi osemqoka kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela eziphathekayo ngakumbi yaye disassembly, kule nkqubo sichitha.

Nto ithetha ukuba, ikhonkrithi liye lasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphela kushishino, kodwa zokwakha labucala. Lungisa umxube kunokuba ngokuzimeleyo njengoko armature kunye link usebenzisa ucingo eyodwa kwakhiwe isakhiwo lwesamente eziphathekayo. Isiphumo uyilo ixesha elide kwaye lizinzile.

Eyona engundoqo imihlobo eziphathekayo

Ukuxinana kwezi ikhonkrithi nga zinokohluka, oko kuya kuba nefuthe malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku sisombululo. Nangona ubunzima ixhomekeke lexinene. Zahlelwa yomelezwa kanye kule laka, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngamnye, phakathi kwezinye izinto:

• enzima kunene;
• enzima;
• ayisindi;
• eziphathekayo ezilula.

Ukuxinana kwezi olungundoqo kwimeko yokuqala ilinganiselwe ku-2500 kg / ^m-3, nto leyo ixabiso umxhelo. Sobunjineli civil, olu hlobo eziphathekayo ezisetyenziswayo. Le imixube equlathe Ababambi bendawo abalandelayo:

• magnetite;
• limonite;
• barite.

mninzi eziphathekayo

Xa mninzi enzima eziphathekayo angaphantsi thile, kuba 2.200 kg / m ^3. ngaphezulu uhlalutye kunesiqhelo, nakhandiweyo izinto ilitye phakathi izithako ezinjalo, njalo njalo Ubuninzi le ikhonkrithi iya kuba. lube sezantsi ngakumbi ukuba lubuyisela okulula. Le ikhonkrithi enzima kugunyaziso lenkcenkce kunye nge-moya. Kulo mzekelo i parameter umdla iya kuba 1800 kg / m ^3.

Lexinene ngekhonkrithi ezilula

concretes ezincinane abe ukuxinana 500 kg / m ^3. Olu seto udongwe eyandisiweyo ekuqhelekileyo, zeselula, perlite kunye istro eziphathekayo. Le nto kwandiswa unyanzeliso. Ukuxinana avareji ikhonkrithi kuxhomekeke kungekuphela ekwakhiweni kodwa nendlela eyahlulayo. Ukuba mxube nangoku ulwelo uyagangatheka kusetyenziswa oomatshini vibratory, kuyanda nokuxinana 100 kg / m ^3.

yokubala mninzi

Ukuxinana kwezi eziphathekayo, iintlobo ezithe ichazwe ngasentla, oko inokumiselwa ukuba ibe isiseko, umyinge isicombululo beeyunithi of mass. ulwelo kufuneka azibandakanywanga ekubaleni, nto leyo esele 28 iintsuku emoyeni ngokupheleleyo ukusuka uluhlu. Oku kuya ukufumana ixabiso ngqo lexinene Eli litye lesikhumbuzo.

Ngamanye amaxesha abakhi basebenzisa avareji data, ukuba siyazi ukuba grade eziphathekayo. Umzekelo, kwibakala M-200 iya kwahluka lexinene ku ezahlukene 2385 ukuya 2400 kg / m ^3, ngoxa uhlobo M-250 eli xabiso ayehluka 2390 ukuya 2405 kg / m ^3. Amanqaku M-300, M-350 kunye M-400 mninzi iya kuba kuluhlu ukususela 2400 ukuya 2415; ukususela 2405 ukuya 2420 yaye ukususela 2410 ukuya 2430 kg / m ^3, ngokulandelelana.

Ukuba ufuna ezixineneyo ethile ngekhonkrithi, ngoko ufanele wazi ukuba ubunzima kwemitha cubic kuchaphazela scheme kunye unyanzeliso. Akubalulekanga nje inani kweentonga, kodwa icandelo labo. Ezi zicwangciso kuzakuvumela uku chaza umqulu yangaphakathi kuhlala yi kugunyaziso. Unako ke ukwenza izibalo mass. Ngokuxhomekeke yintoni injongo kunye nohlobo lwe ngekhonkrithi, ingasetyenziswa kwizinti ubudeki ezahlukeneyo. Malunga nokubekwa kwawo, ukuze ingabekwa kumgama othile enye kwenye.

Ukuze ukwazi lexinene ufakelo lwesamente, ukuchaneka owodwa kuyimfuneko, ngoko ke isixa kugunyaziso ingahoywa tentatively. Ngenxa yoko, eyimveliso lengoma eziphathekayo kunye pavings zisetyenziswe-8-mm ubukhulu unyanzeliso enemingxuma 200 mm. In ngesikwere semitha enye yezi zinto ziya kugcinwa kwi-16 m iintonga, kwaye ukuba lexinene ngentsimbi ukufikelela 7850 kg / m ^3, ubunzima armature iya kulingana 6.3 kg.

Xa kufikwa imiqadi tye kunye Iizilebhu zenkxaso iziseko, esi sangqa armature ngokubanzi iyahluka ukusuka mm-12 ukuya kwali-16. Ubungakanani Iseli uhle ukuya kwi-180 mm kunye ubude kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Kulo mzekelo, i armature ngobuninzi umda imali kg-14 ukuya 25.2. Yemiqadi cantilever nemàbhula armature ubukhulu na phakathi kwe-16 ne-18 mm, oku kuyinyaniso ukuba ubukhulu iseli ilingana 130 mm. Ubude lilonke armature 1 m ³ ngekhonkrithi iza kuba 49 m, kwimeko apho ubunzima kugunyaziso ayehluka kg 77,3 ukuya 97,8.

Ukuxinana kwezi izakhiwo extra

Kuyinto elungileyo, ukuba ukuqwalasela kwakhona ukhetho iindonga nkqo nemihlathi. Kulo mzekelo, ubukhulu be armature kunokuba kulingana umda we-14 ukuya kwi-18 mm xa isixa iiseli mm 130. Ubude zizonke efanayo, kodwa ubunzima kuya kuba kulingana isiphelo kg 59,2 ukuya 97,8.

Emva nje kokuba uyayazi inani lwezilinganisi kunye Uxinaniso icaciswa ubunzima omnye cubic meter eziphathekayo. Ukususela cube sichazwa yi umqulu avareji, ojongene ngeentonga zentsimbi. Ekugqibeleni, lo umthamo eziphathekayo ifunyenwe, ngoko amanani zanda ngokomlinganiselo izinto ngamnye zize ke iziphumo zongezwa.

Ukubalwa ezinoxinano phezu umzekelo ibhanti lwesamente isiseko eziphathekayo

Density eziphathekayo (kg / m3) kungabalelwa ngumzekelo isiseko tape leyo yenziwa kwibanga eziphathekayo M-300. Kulo mzekelo, siya kusetyenziswa 16mm iintonga. Ngelo kwinqanaba lokuqala ivolyum yile armature kwindawo cubic meter eziphathekayo. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa ukubala ilandelayo: π · R2 · L = 3,14 · (0,008) 2 = 0.003 · 16 m ^3.

Ngoko ke, lo umnatha kuthatha eziphathekayo 0,997 m ^3. Ukubala ubunzima kweentonga nokubethelela kufuneka zande amaxabiso 0,003h7850, ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukufumana 23.6 kg, ngeli ubunzima ikhonkrithi kufuneka ubalwe phinda 0,997h2400. Ukubala ukuvumela ukuba siqonde ukuba ubunzima eziphathekayo yi 2392,8 kg. Xa amaxabiso uwonke ushwankathelwa, umntu unako ukufumana ingxinano eziphathekayo, ezi zibalo uya kukhangela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 23.6 + 2392.8 = 2416 kg / m ³ .Ezi zazo lwenziwa kwinqanaba loyilo imithwalo isiseko yokwakha.

Ulwazi malunga lexinene i eziphathekayo

ufakelo lwesamente nokuxinana eziphathekayo kufuneka yaziwe kwabakhi. Ukuba ixabiso lokuqala iye ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha ngasentla, owesibini ufanele ukuthetha. Isalathisi esingundoqo umsebenzi eziphathekayo yi yokusabela yokufana kunye ucinezelo, ngokunjalo namandla. Ezi iinkcukacha ukulawula lexinene, nto leyo index emzimbeni kubalwa ngokwahlula-hlula ubunzima yi umthamo.

Ukwakhiwa kuqhelekile ukuba usebenzise ixabiso avareji yale parameter, kuba iphenjelelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo, phakathi kwawo:

• umgangatho nomthamo wabo lokufaka;
• uhlobo lokufaka;
• amanzi ukubunjwa;
• izinga okuziinkozo kwentlabathi.

iintlobo eziphambili Ingxinano eziphathekayo

Komndilili Ukuxinana isetyenziswa ekumiseleni iimpawu kunye kuyehla ingqalelo, apho umbandela zohlulwa ngokwendidi 4. Umzekelo, concretes enzima ube mninzi ngaphezu 2500 kg / m ^3. Le yokuqamba kusuka fillers, intsimbi, neentsibi, Magnesite, kwaye ayisetyenziselwa imisebenzi yokwakha kwesicwangciso yemveli. Oku konga kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukhuseleko, ngoko eli ikhonkrithi ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo ezizodwa. Uqikelelo Ubuncinane avareji mninzi iyonke lingaphantsi ixabiso 500 kg / m ^3. Loo ngumfuziselo umbandela isetyenziswe zokwambathisa fillers. A ukuqonda epheleleyo ngakumbi umahluko olungundoqo ezixineneyo, brand iintlobo, kwakunye esigangeni engumzekelo yosetyenziso ukuyiqikelela ngokufunda ulwazi ngezantsi.

ikhonkrithi Ingakumbi enzima, nto leyo kuthwalelwa phandle ekubhekiselwe kuwo ngasentla, kungenzeka brand zilandelayo: M550, M600, M700, M800, M900, M1000. eziphathekayo zeemvula ukuba ukuxinana kuluhlu ukususela 1800 ukuya 2500 kg / m ^3, izinto ezisetyenziselwa izakhiwo exhasayo uhlobo iziseko. Brands eziphathekayo inokuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: M350, M450, M500. eziphathekayo ezincinane onokuxinana ku ezahlukene ukusuka 500 ukuya 1800 kg / m ^{3, uphawu} inokumiselwa lilungu le notation ilandelayo: M200, M250, M300. Ingakumbi concretes ayisindi ukuba ukuxinana 500 kg / ^m-3, kwaye amanqaku zabo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: M15, M50, M75, M100, M 150 kusetyenziswa olu hlobo eziphathekayo ukwenza yokugquma layer thermal kwaye bakha nodonga.

isiphelo

Okuye kwabethelelwa - indibanisela zentsimbi kunye eziphathekayo, nto leyo eye iipropati ezizodwa. Iyahlala, ukuthembeka ukuqina kwezinto wamvumela ukuba bafumane kwande kwishishini lokwakha. Xa eyila ezakhiwe zadweliswa ngokobunjani ezininzi, njengokuba omnye wabo limi t loxinano eziphathekayo / m3 okanye kg / m ³ - abangaka lilodwa emzimbeni, nto leyo yamkelwe ilinganisa parameter. Umzekelo, ukuba uyazi lexinene, leyo ilingana no 2200 kg / m ^3, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuguqulela eli xabiso nkqu tonnes nge-cubic meter. Kulo mzekelo, eli xabiso kwaba 2.2.