Yintoni na le itanki engcono French? model Overview

Itanki-sakhiwo ngexesha lethu - enye yezinto eziphambili kwimicimbi yasemkhosini. Uphuhliso isikrweqe isoloko odumileyo amagunya amaninzi aseYurophu, kuquka France. Eli lizwe yenye yezo ithi, leyo ngokukhuselekileyo phakathi wabaseki amabutho vehicles. Ngoko ke, uphononongo eneenkcukacha kwamatanki French ziya kwenziwa kweli nqaku, neendlela uhlalutyo kwaye iqulethe imbali kuphuhliso lwabo.

prehistory

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ulwakhiwo lamatanki, njengoko enjalo, waqala ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. IFrance ilizwe wesibini lamkele lo amatanki kwi edabini.

Itanki yokuqala French wayekulungele ngoSeptemba 1916. ngumdali balo uJean Etienne, leyo, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, uthathwa uyise ekusekweni uphuhliso tank French. Eli gosa ibinguye oyintloko abasebenzi webutho zokudubula. Wayesazi ukutshintsha indlela meko ngaphambili, yaye ngoba umcabango yokuqala ngokusebenzisa kwizixekoapho kumgca yotshaba of wokhuselo ngokusebenzisa izithuthi zilandelwa. Emva koko, kwintsimi ezinabantu, wayecebe ukuba ukuseka zokudubula walo ukumelana utshaba ukususela kwesi sikhundla. Apha kufuneka enze amazwi ebalulekileyo: ". Iitrektara ukubetha zokudubula" izithuthi vehicles, esiyibiza ukuba amatanki ukusuka French ngaloo mihla babebizwa

Qala of production

Umyalelo otshatsheleyo French, njengezininzi iintloko zomkhosi yamanye amazwe ngelo xesha, ingcamango ukwakhiwa itanki wathabatha iqaphele kakhulu kwaye bayathandabuza. Noko ke, Etienne waphikelela yaye nenkxaso Jikelele Joffe, ngoko wanikwa imvume yokwakha prototype. inkampani "Renault" waba ngaloo minyaka yinkokeli zobunjineli. Ukuba Etienne ecetywayo ukuvula ixesha elitsha izithuthi vehicles. Kodwa ulawulo yenkampani kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukwala, becaphula yokuba abanayo amava kunye nezithuthi zondelwe.

Kulo mba, itanki French wayephathiswe ukwakha inkampani "Schneider", oko kukuthi, umenzi inkulu izixhobo ezahlukeneyo yaye amava "Holt" xa kubhukishelwa itrektara. Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni 1916 inkampani wafumana umyalelo amatanki 400, nto leyo kamva waziwa ngokuba CA1 ( "Schneider").

Iimpawu izithuthi zokuqala vehicles

Ekubeni nayiphi na ingcamango itanki ethile ayizange esidlangalaleni, kule nkalo, France ifumene embodiments ezimbini ezahlukeneyo lamatanki, zombini ezo zisekelwe umfuziselo itrekta ezinqunquthayo. Ethelekiswa netanki IsiNgesi French izithuthi vehicles akabanga imibungu nakumathafa izindlu lokubiyela. Bona zazimi phezu emacaleni kunye ngqo ngezantsi kwisakhelo. Chassis iphume, leyo ukuba ukusebenza umatshini ngaphandle kobunzima. Ngaphezu koko, a design okunjalo kuqinisekisa ukuthuthuzela le nqanawa. Nangona kunjalo, le yinxalenye ngaphambili umzimba yemoto esasiphezu emthondweni, nangenxa nawuphi na umqobo nkqo kuba nayo.

Tank Lui Reno

Emva kwacaca ukuba isakhiwo itanki - kwicala ethembisayo, Etienne wajika wabuyela inkampani "Renault". Ngeli xesha igosa wakwazi icacise ingxaki kumenzi - ukudala itanki ukukhanya kunye asinamathinzi encinane kunye nokwenzakala amancinane, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo kukunika inkxaso elihamba ngokulwa. "Renault FT" - Ngenxa yoko le iitanki ukukhanya French zadalwa.

isizukulwana esitsha izixhobo

Itanki "Renault FT-17" ithathwa imodeli yokuqala itanki, nto leyo eye isetyenziswe kubeko zakudala (injini gumbi esemva, ukulwa gumbi - embindini, nobungcwele lolawulo - ngaphambili), kodwa waba inqaba ukuba uphendule, degrees 360.

Abasebenzi ba ezimbini - umqhubi-oomatshini kunye ngqwayi, owathi wehlelwa inkonzo umpu okanye imipu.

Axhobe kwamatanki ingaba sisixhobo okanye umpu kumatshini. "Cannon" lobeko Kujongwe ufakelo guns okuzenzelekayo "Gochkiss SA18" sangqa 37 mm. Guidance gun olwenziwe yi igxalaba ukuphumla okhethekileyo, ukuvumela ukwenza incam nkqo kuluhlu ukusuka izidanga -20 ukuya +35.

itanki chassis yanikezelwa kunye nokuxhasa izileyi inkxaso, kukhokela amavili, ukulandelela tensioning indlela esijijwayo, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, waba krupnozvenchatymi kunye cogging.

Kwinxalenye aft yitanki waba isibiyeli, ekuthe kumatshini yakwazi ukuba izkulahla imithi sangqa imitha 0.25, ukoyisa emingxunyeni kunye imisele ububanzi ukuya kwiimitha 1.8 kwaye ukumelana umqulu kwi-engile degrees 28. Ubuncinane ukwala owela ngaphakathi kwama-itanki yayiziimitha 1.41.

Isiphelo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi

Ngeli xesha, Jikelele Etienne wenza iinzame ukudala imikhosi kwitanki ezizimeleyo, apho bekumele ukuba ukwahlukana phakathi kokukhanya, aphakathi kunye noomatshini enzima. Noko ke, umzimba jikelele kaThixo waba uluvo, kunye, ukususela 1920, onke amasebe baba nomkhosi tank owayamileyo. Kulo mba, kwabakho ukwahlukana abakhwele kunye nomkhosi kwiitanki.

Ukanti ngehlombe umsebenzi Etienne baba akulambathanga - de 1923, inkampani «FCM» kudala-baphahlwe ezilishumi kwamatanki enzima 2C. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa inkampani "uThimna", kukho isebe French kweetanki imifuziselo M, aba matshini baba umdla ngokuba asetyenziswa ngaxeshanye kunye isiporo kunye namavili. uhlobo injini inokutshintshwa ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezingqongileyo.

inkqubo motorization Army

Ngowe-1931, France waqalisa ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo izithuthi zamavili kunye sokuhlola. Kulo mba, inkampani "Renault" liye lasungula ezintsha ngexesha yokukhanya AMR itanki. Le nqaba umatshini nomzimba ezidityaniswe kunye esebenzisa isakhelo emboxo rivet. Metal sheets ziye wasekwa ngumbutho engile ubengo tyekelo. Le nqaba lwaye ukuya kwicala lasekhohlo, kwaye injini - ekunene. Eli qela ibe ngabantu ababini kuluhlu. izixhobo Standard baba ezimbini imipu - Reibel ukuvuleka 7.5 mm kunye krupokaliberny Hotchkiss (13,2 mm).

imoto engaqhelekanga vehicles

Uphuhliso benani kwamatanki French baba kwisithuba seminyaka 1936-1940. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyuka isisongelo zomkhosi ezibangelwe umkhosi French ayazi kakuhle.

Omnye amatanki, leyo wangena inkonzo ngo-1934, kwaba B1. ukusebenza kwawo wabonisa ukuba ethile ezibalulekileyo: ufakelo ezingafanelekanga kwezixhobo kwimeko, iqondo eliphezulu sesichengeni kwisisu semoto, ukusasazwa ngqiqweni kwemisebenzi phakathi kwamalungu enqanaweni. Practice lubonise ukuba eneneni umqhubi kwafuneka ulijule kolawulo umatshini kwanawokuqhuba ubonelelo emthethweni. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni into yokuba ngenxa itanki waba lixhoba umile.

Ukongeza, kukho inkxalabo eyodwa yindlela isikrweqe umatshini. amatanki French enzima, kwakunye kunoogxa babo kwenye indawo ehlabathini, zineemfuno ekhethekileyo ukhuseleko lwabo. B1 abazange ukuthobela.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, okubaluleke - B1 lwaluduru ekwakheni, ukusebenza nokulondolozwa. Ngeempawu ezintle kumatshini kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokuphathwa kakuhle.

imodeli ezingcono

Ukuqwalasela i iitanki enzima French, kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo sinikele ingqalelo kumatshini B-1 BIS. Ubunzima itanki yaba etoni-32, kwaye umthamo umaleko vehicles yaba 60 mm. Oku kuvumela abasebenzi ukuba uzive ngokwayo zvschischennym evela imipu German ngaphandle umpu moya Flak 36 abanjalo 88 mm. Ku Kwandenza kwezikhali.

Ngokwawo, imoto vehicles eya kuphuma ezibilinini ulilahle. Le nqaba wenza ngokwenza, kwaye yezindlu imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ezivela kumacandelo eziliqela vehicles amaqhina oqhagamshelwano yi iibholiti.

ezintsha Exclusive ingaqatshelwa ebusweni itanki lo somelezi ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, ukuvumela ukuba zilawule sondo multi-ton ngaphandle kobunzima.

Njengoko izixhobo ezisetyenziswa yi-CA-35 75 mm ukuvuleka kunaso, leyo yayimi phezu ngasekunene yomqhubi. Engile indawo degrees 25 kunye declination - 15. I umpu tyaba waba ngundaba engqongqo.

Iyafumaneka yaba umpu "Chatellerault" abanjalo 7.5 mm. Waye ekhwele ngezantsi nje umpu. Ukuze umlilo njengoko umqhubi yetanki alimwi it. Ngelo xesha kusetyenziswa kubangela yombane.

Ngenisa itanki kusenokuba nge umnyango vehicles kwicala lasekunene, izivingco, ibekwe kwinqaba esihlalweni lomqhubi, kwakunye zokungena likaxakeka ezimbini - enye ibekwe phaya ezantsi omnye phezu kweli gumbi injini.

Kwakhona eli itanki French yafakwa kunye self-uphawu amatanki amafutha kunye gyro zemiyalelo. Esebenza crew imoto kwinani ezine. A isici esasenza lo matshini ingaqatshelwa ubukho kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo, ngelo xesha kwakukho lwepaki.

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II

kwamatanki French of the World Second awabasondezayo ukuba koomatshini zilandelayo:

• Hotchkiss H35 - ngomatshini, siqulunqwe "Gochkiss". Xa undercarriage yayo isicelo izileyi ezintandathu kwicala ngalinye. Phantse zonke iinxalenye itanki baye wagxothwa. Arms zimelwe umpu 37 mm. Isikrweqe esinobukhulu-34 mm ukuya 45 mm, kuxhomekeka kwindawo yayo.
• Renault R35 - itanki Ubeko zoqobo. Lo matshini lonke iye walutshixa kunye lwe-jiko. Corps zaphoswa. Firepower kwanikwa nemipu nemipu machine. Le mveliso - injini carbureted-cylinder ezine amandla 83 enjini. Ngelishwa, itanki kuye kwacotha. Xa ubunzima bomzimba iitoni ezili-10, akwazi ukufikelela kuphela ngesantya 19 km / h, kwabakho inkxaso encinane kakhulu beeyunithi elihamba.
• itanki Middle elihamba "Reno D-2 '- umatshini with ubukhulu isikrweqe endilisekileyo nesantya ndikwanzima intshukumo. Itanki gun lwalunobude 47 mm umatshini gun - 7.5 mm. ukujikeleza uqoqo nemipu ngumtu lever ngesandla. Kwicala ngalinye izileyi-14 yasetyenziswa.
• Somua S35 - itanki powerplant diff-imvelaphi inyuselwa khona. Injini - isiBeki,-itankana ezisibhozo, ulwelo-lupholile. Chassis ofakelwe kunye transmission manual. Ukulawula umatshini kusetyenziswa umehluko kabini. Ukumiswa kwakhe roller mixed. osemqoka umzimba yaba phambi ziqwenga ezintandathu isikrweqe walutshixa on. Inqaba ezinamacala babomelele. It umisela shaka kunye umatshini nompu. Ububanzi ngokungqalileyo isikrweqe lingana 36 mm, amacala - 41 mm, i ngokungqalileyo nezikrweqe kwinqaba - 56 mm. Le ethile kuphela ubalwe uqina eliphantsi itanki, ingakumbi ezimbi zomhlaba.

iintsuku emva kwemfazwe

Yamkelwa ngo-1946, inkqubo itanki-isakhiwo kukhokelele oko baqalisa ukuba wavelisa matanki best isiFrentshi.

Ngowe-1951 kwafika itanki ukukhanya AMX-13 ukusuka swa. isici sayo esibonakala uqoqo jinga.

Battle Tank AMX-30 baqalisa kukhutshwa ngo-1980. ilungiselelo balo eli cebo zakudala. Umqhubi kuwo owamisa kwicala lasekhohlo. Gunner kunye itanki umphathi ibekwe kwi gumbi ekulweni kwicala lasekunene umpu, bamthethela umgcini umlweli enye Uhleli ngasekunene. Umthamo we iitanki fuel iilitha 960. Nezikhali bebhekise 47.

Itanki AMX-32 inobunzima tonnes 40. Njengokuba iphumele iingalo gun 120 mm, 20 mm umpu M693 umatshini gun kunye 7,62 mm. Nezikhali - 38 rounds. Ngu itanki omkhulu unako ngesantya 65 km / h. iingalo Ukuzinziswa system kweintanethi. Xa kukho yedijithali computer wokuhlolwa, laser rangefinder. Ukuba ukusebenza ebusuku isetyenziswa kukhatshwa camera umpu "Thomson S5R". ukubonakala Round zingenziwa kunye periscopes ezisibhozo. Kwakhona, itanki kufakwa inkqubo ingcinezelo umlilo kunye air conditioning, wammisa ukuba ukudala izikrini umsi.

Uguqulelo kwamanye amazwe

Ukuba imodeli ngasentla neetanki French yayibandakanya axhobileyo eFransi, itanki AMX-40 yaveliswa kuphela kwamanye amazwe. umlilo isikhokelo neenkqubo zolawulo idini 90% ithuba betha ithagethi, leyo ke ingabekwa kumgama oziimitha 2000. Ngaloo ukusuka kwixesha ubhaqo kokutshatyalaliswa ekujoliswe idlula imizuzwana-8 kuphela. Le motor imoto - diesel,-12 nesilinda, injini turbocharged. Okuhlanganiswe ukosuleleka ezenzekelayo 7P, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuphuhlisa izakhono iilitha 1300. a., kodwa kamva ukosuleleka yaseJamani yaba indawo elilingana French. Kwi itanki umendo unalo ngesantya phezulu km 70 / h.

kwiilwimi zesiNtu

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eyona itanki entsha French - AMX-56 "Leclerc". imveliso serial yasekwa ngowe-1991.

Itanki iphawulwa iqondo eliphezulu Ukwanda bombane, ixabiso lilonke alingana isiqingatha ixabiso umatshini yonke. Uyilo yetanki - Classic. The main kwezikhali zibekwe kwenqaba.

oomatshini Zempi - multi-umaleko kwaye axhotyiswe gasket ezenziwe ngezinto yodongwe. Inxalenye ngaphambili lezindlu uyilo seemodyuli eyenza kube lula ukutshintsha ezonakeleyo.

Itanki kananjalo mayixhotyiswe inkqubo ekhusela abantu abavela nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi nokulumkisa malunga nenkqubo laser zokukhanya.

Eli gumbi ekulweni injini kwaye inkqubo ucimayo ngokukhawuleza-mlilo. Akukho ngxaki wabuza kwaye nomsi screen kumgama oziimitha ukuya ku 55.

Umpu engundoqo itanki na umpu SM-120-26 120 mm. Ukongeza, ubukho bemipu bodidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ukulwa ubunzima Machine - iitoni 54,5.