Ukwenza le abstract: njani ukuba konakalisa Nasenkonzweni yakhe

Lecture ibizwa isishwankathelo anokufunyanwa ngalo mbandela, wasondeza abaphulaphuli. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqala lokuqhelanisa ootitshala Izicatshulwa nangoku esikolweni ukulungiselela abafundi processing ulwazi olungaphezulu elizimeleyo kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Apha, esikolweni, noncedo ukwenza uyilo abstract ngemilinganiselo.

Kuyinto yimpazamo ukucinga ukuba abstract - into Yeremiya iingcamango zabanye ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Kuyenzeka ukuba 'isono' esikolweni, kodwa hayi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ukongeza vangama nje umbandela iyonke kwi sakhethwa kufuneka ziboniswe kwakhona indawo yabo Ngenxa umbhali, ochazwa kwizigqibo malunga nesihloko. Ukongeza, kule abstract nga kuvavanywa kuphela iziganeko, kodwa iingongoma ekhoyo iimbono kule okanye loo mmangaliso. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-aerobatics, esele kufikelela abafundi kule zidanga.

imithetho Abstract design ngendlela elula. Bona thaca ngokohlobo GOST kwaye zithunyelwa kumaziko emfundo ezisebhokisini kwamaxwebhu eyimfuneko. Kukho kwakhona iqulethe imigangatho amatikiti zoviwo, journaling, njl Utitshala unyanzelekile ukuba baziqhelanise, abafundi kunye nemithetho ethile, ngenxa yokuba abstract, kuyilo lingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno akayi kwamkelwa. Nangona, ukuba ukunyaniseka, konke oko kuxhomekeke ubuntu lukatitshala - ezininzi bakubetha ngoyaba izinto ezincinane minor, ingakumbi ukuba isincoko kwabhalwa ngenxa uvandlakanyo "yangaphakathi", hayi ukuya olukhuphiswano, apho yonke imigangatho kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nekhulu ekhulwini.

Phambi kokuba ubhale abstract, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele oko ngokungqinelana neemfuno. Mangaphi amalungu (izahluko) iya kuba kwi abstract, nokuba sub ezifunekayo, njani kugwetyelwa intshayelelo yabo nokwaphuka? Le abstract akuzukuba inqwaba izibakala, kufuneka bonke wabonisa kakhulu ngokufutshane nangokucacileyo. Xa izahluko ezibhaliweyo, kufuneka ifundwe. Ngokufuthi yenzeka ukuba umbhali ugxotha kwezinye iindawo okanye, phezu koko, yongeza abanye.

Emva kokuba igqityiwe iimpazamo, unako ukuqalisa ukwenziwa kakuhle lo abstract. Kuqala cover sheet, leyo iqulathe iinkcukacha sokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ndimthuma ngokukhawuleza uza kukhupha isincoko umfundi, kokukhona kuya kukhangela emehlweni ngutitshala. pedantry enjalo ibonisa ukuba umfundi nzulu waya kusebenza yaye ugqibelele njengento nje kwiphepha isihloko kwakunye nabanye. Ngokufuthi uphumezo elichanekileyo wephepha lokuqala ligubungela iziphene engephi abstract.

Isincoko standard report format yaseYurophu ishicilelwa kwimakhishithi A4, ubungakanani bomgca inani 14 kunye kumgca izithuba ka-1.5. Amasimi ibhalwe ngendlela efanayo yonke indawo: ukwenza phezulu nasezantsi ngu iisentimitha ezimbini ukuya ekunene - enesiqingatha, nangasekhohlo - ezintathu (lokugcina imiqulu). Abstract, oneminyaka kwezi parameters, i kuFeliks waqonda esweni kwabantu - iluncedo ukufunda kuyakhathaza.

Ukwenza abstract kwiphepha isihloko kufuneka luqulathe igama lwazi. Phezulu ubulungiseleli lowu, olawula iziko emfundo ephakamileyo, njl - Igama elipheleleyo leziko, ngaphandle emanxebani, iSebe apho abstract. Kancinci uthotywe embindini ngesihloko sesincoko. Nokuba asezantsi, egxile kwicala lasekunene, isiginitsha abstract kwenziwa ngohlobo "kuzaliseke" - umfundi, iqela, Kakade, yaye "nomcebisi yenzululwazi" - Igama Utitshala ezazongamele umsebenzi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ithi abstract igama lomntu, ukuvavanya umsebenzi. Emazantsi okubhaliweyo indawo yokusebenza (idla kuphela umzi, ngokuba eyunivesithi kucacisiwe ngasentla) kunye nomhla (unyaka). Emva cover page yi okuqulethwe itekisi sele zilungiselelwe, esele eyaziwa amacandelo yephepha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amakhasi ukubalelwa ezantsi ekunene wesithathu, ngokuba kwiphepha lokuqala - isihloko, kwaye eyesibini - umxholo. Umxholo phepha lubonise zonke izinto zezakhiwo - intshayelelo, amacandelo kunye namacandelwana, izigqibo kunye noluhlu iimbekiselo. Kwathi kanye isiphelo, xa kuyimfuneko, ungenza isicelo. Bona iinombolo ngendlela jikelele, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ibekwe lokugqibela umda olugunyazisiweyo umsebenzi azifakwanga. Okuqhotyoshelwe kule ngokutsha abstract (review) zomntu abahlola umsebenzi.

Ukwenza isincoko kuthatha kancinane ixesha, ingakumbi xa loo mfundi amava. Nakowuphi na umzekelo, oku mba kufuneka ithathwe uxanduva kakhulu ukuya emsebenzini wenza bahle.