Ulwahlulo lweendlela. Uluhlu lweendlela yase baseRashiya

Iindlela iindlela zothutho adibanayo imimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo ezindaweni eli lizwe. Ixabiso eliphezulu ilizwe zethu iindlela federal yaseRashiya. Kodwa ke ukubaluleka kwezinye zeendlela nazo uwajongele ayikho imfuneko. Makhe sifunde lokuhlela njani iindlela, kwakunye akha uluhlu lweendlela Russian federal.

Iintlobo yokuhlelwa wendlela

Okokuqala, makhe sibone ukuba yintoni izizathu iziinxalenye iindlela. Kuxhomekeka iikhrayitheriya, kukho iindidi ezininzi yokuhlelwa:

• umqondo;
• uhlobo zokwaleka;
• kwipropati;
• eklasini;
• yi isigaba.

Ngezantsi, sijonga uhlobo ngalunye yokuhlelwa zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Ulwahlulo kweendlela enenjongo

Olu hlobo yokuhlelwa kwi Russian Federation ichaza umthetho ekhethekileyo federal phezu iindlela, eyapapashwa ngo-2007. Ngokutsho kwakhe, indlela yahlulwe yaba iindlela federal eRashiya, amaxabiso zemimandla, inter-kamasipala nabeengingqi. Oko kuthetha siza kuthetha kamva.

iindlela Russian federal - emendweni kubaluleke yesizwe. Bona ngezimali mali federal.

iindlela Regional - ndlela wendlela, phantsi kolawulo abasemagunyeni kwimimandla. Baye zendawo, yengingqi kunye neqondo ngokubaluleka ezixhaswa ngemali lwabiwo-mali olufanelekileyo. Ukuba trail yommandla inikeza unikezelo zokutshintsha ezinkulu izithuthi kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, ulwahlulohlulo Russian lweendlela iboniswe isimaphambili A, nabo bonke abanye - isimaphambili K.

iindlela inter-zikamasipala bakhonza ukudibanisa zokuhlala ngaphakathi kwimida ummandla omnye kodwa abe kumgangatho osezantsi kubaluleke ngaphezu iindlela lwengingqi, kwaye zonke koohola ngakumbi federal eRashiya. Wonke umendo intermunicipal ezichongwe yi isimaphambili H.

Zonke ezinye iindlela ezi emendweni umahluko ekuhlaleni. Asoloko ngaphakathi kwemida kummandla omnye okanye indawo uxabiseke ebalulekileyo yena yedwa. Ngezimali mali yorhulumente wengingqi, ebandakanya.

Neentlobo zeendlela kuhlobo zokwaleka

Xa ekugqumeni zonke koohola zahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini: kwinkundla nzima omhlaba. Iingqalo yahlulwe zenyathi eziliqela asphalt ezenziwe ngezitena kunye ngamatye ukupheyiva, iithayile concrete etc ... iindlela Ukungcola musa ukuba afakelwe iisoyi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuluhlu Russian kweendlela federal asiyiyo inxalenye zokuhamba indlela enye nekhompaktha. Kananjalo akusayi kufumana naziphi runs indlela enjalo phakathi ukubaluleka zommandla inter-kamasipala. Kodwa uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana iindlela zasekuhlaleni.

Iintlobo ubunini iindlela

Ngu ilungelo imiyalezo indlela ubunini yahlulwe kazwelonke, yengingqi kunye nawabucala. Ukuba inkcazelo yomnini iindlela zesizwe kunye zommandla umbuzo asivelanga, imicimbi yabucala thile ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba angaba nokuba nawuphi na umbutho okanye umntu. Qaphela, noba kunjani, ukuba kwisenzo kwiindlela zabucala eRashiya akuxhaphakanga kakhulu.

Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba zonke iindlela ziqukiwe kuluhlu lwelayini federal eRashiya, ephethwe ngurhulumente.

class Classification

Kukho kwakhona iindlela iklasi yokuhlela. Ngokutsho kwakhe, emendweni zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu: kuhola wendlela,-high speed kunye ulandelele eqhelekileyo.

Umahluko omkhulu emendweni elula motorways kukuba uhlobo lokuqala lengoma akuvumelekanga ukufikelela kwi ukuhamba ngemoto osemendweni adjacently kwinqanaba enye, ngoxa uhlobo yesibini oko kunokwenzeka.

Imikhondo eqhelekileyo umiselwe imo isantya ngaphantsi ezimbini ngasentla. Ngaphezu koko, xa nshita motorways kunye expressways, kwiindlela ezinjalo kuvumelekile kwisiphambuka se- iindlela ibhayisekile, imoto kunye ngenyawo kwi indiza.

motorways Kufuneka sophawu kunye expressways - ubukho iileyini abane okanye ngaphezulu, ngasinye ububanzi 3,75 m.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo sendlela yakhe ofanayo ziludidi olwahlukileyo.

Kuthatha niqaphele ukuba zonke ezi ntlobo bezingahanjwa ziqukwe kuluhlu kweendlela Russian federal, kodwa phakathi koohola umendo lwengingqi sele bengekho.

Road umthunyelwa ngokodidi

iindidi zokuhlelwa zendlela ingqalelo ngqongqo yi kwiklasi runs.

Zonke Iindlela IA udidi, bezingahanjwa - IB, kodwa indlela eqhelekileyo xa yohlulwe izintlu ezintlanu - IC, II, III, IV kunye V. IC yohlukile kwezinye izinto zonke iindidi lengoma eqhelekileyo kukuba ifuna ubukho mandatory le yokungcola kwakhe iimpawu ze motorways kunye neendlela nokubonisa. Enye udidi iindlela uhlobo aqhelekileyo ayashiyana inani elipheleleyo iindledlana kwezithuthi kunye nobubanzi babo. Ngaphezu koko, ngokungafaniyo nezinye embodiments, tracks iindidi IV kunye V kuvumela ekudibaneni kunye kaloliwe kunye nokuhamba kumkhondo kwinqanaba elifanayo.

Zonke iindlela IA udidi, oko kukuthi i-yemoto, kuluhlu kweendlela eRashiya federal.

indlela federal

Ngoku makhe sihlolisise oko iimpawu kuluhlu iindlela nemoto federal eRashiya. Oku kuquka ngokupheleleyo zonke zeendlela adibanayo eMoscow iingqukuva ezisemantloko amanye amaziko karhulumente, okanye uyidibanise kunye nemizi engundoqo ye-Russian Federation. Ukongeza, kuluhlu koohola Russian federal ukuze ziquka iindlela enxulumanisa amaziko olawulo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, ukuba emendweni kunentsingiselo ekhethekileyo. Kwakhona kolu luhlu ngamanye amaxesha kwakukho ezininzi iindlela ezibalulekileyo kokuxhuma, ingakumbi ezo ezibonelela kumasango ukuya engenelayo yezithuthi inkulu okanye unxibelelwano ukuba ixabiso federal, umz, kumazibuko amakhulu.

iindlela Federal Russia zibaluleke ingakumbi kwinkqubo yezothutho lizwe.

Ucalulo lweendlela yase

Zonke iindlela ziqukwe kuluhlu lwe bezingahanjwa federal eRashiya, kufuneka ezabo yokuhlelwa kwazo eyahlukileyo. Phezu kwayo, yaye ingxoxo yethu yayiqhubeka.

iindlela Russian federal zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini: kwiindlela zoluntu kunye yaseYurophu.

Ngaphezu koko, iinombolo kweendlela kokuxhuma eMoscow elinoonobumba okanye amaziko kummandla langaphandle kusetyenziswa isimaphambili M. Kwabo imigca, leyo qhagamshela kwimimandla engundoqo ye yobusi umzi, R. isimaphambili kusetyenziswa ngoYilo Russian Federal kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko uqhagamshelwano ukufikelela kunye zibaliwe ziqaliswe A.

Uluhlu lweendlela federal kunye isimaphambili M

Ngoku makhe sihlolisise kwi uluhlu ngokwayo iindlela Russian federal. iindlela Federal kubaluleke ngokubanzi, izihlanganisi eMoscow elinoonobumba yaseYurophu kunye namaziko engingqi kufuneka la magama alandelayo:

• M1 - in Minsk.
• M2 - in Yalta.
• M3 - e Kiev.
• M4 - Novorossiysk.
• M5 - eChelyabinsk.
• M7 - Ufa.
• M8 - to Arkhangelsk.
• M9 - e Riga.
• M10 - eSt Petersburg.
• M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow (phantsi kolwakhiwo).

Uluhlu lweendlela yase

Uluhlu lweendlela nemoto federal ye-Russian Federation, leyo ukudibanisa omnye imizi esembindini izifundo zayo, iquka tracks 34. Okubaluleke kakhulu ezi ziquka:

• P23 Belarus - eSt Petersburg.
• P56 Pskov - Novgorod.
• P92 Eagle - ukulungela ukusebenza.
• R119 Tambov - Eagle.
• P120 Belarus - Oryol.
• R132 Ryazan - ukulungela ukusebenza.
• P208, R209 Penza - Tambov.
• P216 aseStavropol - Astrakhan.
• R217- "Caucasus".
• R239 Kazakhstan - Kazan.
• R298 - Kursk indlela P22.
• P351 Tyumen - Yekaterinburg.
• P402 eOmsk - Tyumen.
• P404 Khanty-Mansiysk - Tyumen.
• P600 Ivanovo - Kostroma.

iindlela yase Russian Federation, ezisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene kunye nokufikelela, anamagama 75. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, yaye imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Shelkovskoye A103 omkhulu.
• Ilinskoe A109 omkhulu.
• A113 Ring Road.
• A164- "Transkei".
• A181- "yaseScandinavia".
• A375- "East".

iindlela European

Ukongeza, kukho iindlela federal eRashiya, banayo ubume iindlela zothutho yaseYurophu. Ezi ziquka umgca ilandelayo:

• E18 Finland - Saint-Petersburg.
• E20 Estonia - eSt Petersburg.
• E22 Latvia - Ishim.
• E28 Poland - eKaliningrad - Lithuania.
• E30 Belarus - eOmsk.
• E38 Ukraine - Voronezh - Kazakhstan.
• E40 Ukraine - Volgograd - Kazakhstan.
• E50 Ukraine - Makhachkala.
• E58 Ukraine - Rostov-on-Don.
• E77 Poland - Pskov.
• E95 Saint-Petersburg - Belarus.
• E97 Ukraine - Georgia.
• E101 Ukraine - Moscow.
• E105 Norway - Yalta.
• E115 Novorossiysk - Yaroslavl.
• E117 Georgia - Mineralnye Vody.
• E119 Moscow - Azerbaijan.
• E121 Samara - Kazakhstan.
• E123 eChelyabinsk - Kazakhstan.
• E125 Ishim - Kazakhstan.
• E127 eOmsk - Kazakhstan.

Ezi koohola federal Russia zibalulekile hayi nje kuba inika yezithuthi imoto ngaphakathi lizwe, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ezinzileyo yokuthwala ngamazwe.

imizila Asia

Ukongeza, kukho indlela Asia ngamazwe. Ulwahlulo zichongwa yi isimaphambili AN. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba iindlela Asian kwakhona zihlelwe ngaxeshanye izimaphambili M, P and A, kuxhomekeke inani linikiwe indlela.

Umzekelo, i-R258 indlela "izimvu" osusela Irkutsk e Chita, inxalenye yendlela Asian AN6 Belarus - Busan (Republic of Korea). Ngokufanayo M10 omkhulu St. Petersburg - Moscow (elinye igama indlela - "Russia") iyinxalenye emendweni Asian AH8 Finland - Iran kwaye ngexesha inxalenye enye indlela European E105 Kirkenes (Norway) - Yalta.

iindlela zokwakha

Phakathi iindlela ziqukwe kuluhlu kweendlela federal eRashiya, omnye kuphela nakhelwe ngalo mzuzu - M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow. umsebenzi walo ongundoqo uya kuba ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwezithuthi evela kuhola wendlela M10 "Russia", enqamleza phantse parallel kwaye ifaka iingqukuva ezimbini Russian. Ngokwesi sicwangciso, ezinye iinkalo-high speed umgca omtsha ziya kuhlawulwa. Ngo-2014, icandelo lokuqala wendlela yavulwa abaqhubi. Ngaphambili kwacetywa ukuba umendo uya kubekwa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza ngo-2018, kodwa ngenxa ukuya kufika zentlekele yoqoqosho kweli lizwe kangangoko unako ukuhamba kakhulu.

Ukongeza, kukho iqela leeprojekthi umdla, leyo, ukuba ukusebenza, ebeya wafumana ubume koohola yase. Kodwa lo mzuzu ke kuphela ingcamango okwangoku.

imeko yendlela

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi kweendlela federal na ukutyabeka ngokwanelisayo. Yona iingoma, nto leyo ilawulwe nabasemagunyeni kwimimandla kunye noomasipala ngabanye, imeko yabo yahluke kakhulu. konke kuxhomekeke koko yingxenye Russia elise, nokuba ingakanani imali yokulungisa yabo sokubuyiselwa bucala oorhulumente basekhaya.

Kakade ke, kwi-Russian Federation, iindlela ezininzi zasekuhlaleni zikwimeko ngendlela elungileyo, kodwa kukho inani elaneleyo runs, nemeko leyo ezibangele, efuna ngoko nangoko ukulungisa ilaphu.

Management emikhulu yase

ulawulo indlela federal siphathiswe ukuba emagxeni yinkampani karhulumente i "Indlela Service" okanye njengoko kungenjalo ibizwa ngokuba, i-Arhente Federal Road. Le nkampani iye yasekwa ngo-2004 kwaye ilawulwe ngqo kwiSebe lezoThutho ye-Russian Federation. Ukususela ngo-2012 ukusa kwixesha langoku ke intloko baseRoma Viktorovich Staroviyt. "Rosavtodor" ihlola umgangatho kweendlela yase kanye uthatha izigqibo ukulungisa, xa kukho imfuneko. Le nkampani liceba ishedyuli ukulungiswa iindlela.

Ukongeza, ngo-2009, oko yasekwa ngumbutho karhulumente 'Iindlela Russian ", intloko yayo S. V. Kelbah. Ulawulo lombutho lwagqithiselwa M1, M3 kunye M4.

Meaning iindlela federal

Kunzima ukuba zazi ukubaluleka ebifihliwe kwinkqubo yezothutho yelizwe iindlela Russian federal. Uluhlu ngaphambilana lubonisa ukuba babeka ndawonye ibaluleke kakhulu ezinabantu Russian Federation nonxibelelwano. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukunika umxholo wabo ngendlela eyanelisayo, nokuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa, ukusasazwa eyiyo kwezithuthi.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuze ukwandisa ukuhamba kwezithuthi ezindleleni, kufuneka ibe ukwakha inani ngaphezulu emendweni enkulu federal, ukwakhiwa ezinokuthi zenzeke kwixesha elizayo.