UMarkus Wolf: Biography, imisebenzi, iifoto

Ngaba uyazi ukuba ngubani wayeyintloko nobukrelekrele kakhulu ehlabathini? Ngubani na uMarkus Ngcuka? Sithetha intloko Main Intelligence iSebe, ngosapho lwakhe nobomi.

biography

UMarkus Wolf wazalwa 01.19.1923 kwidolophu Hechingen. Wakhulela kwintsapho oogqirha wemidlalo. Emva kokuba uHitler eqala ukubusa odume iintetho inkanuko uyise Marcus kuhlala eJamani kwakuyingozi.

Ukuqhubeka eRussia

Emva ukuhlala kangangexesha elithile eSweden kunye neFransi, Wolff wafudukela kwikomkhulu Russian. Apho abanikwa ubumi eSoviet. Emva kokuba usapho iMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi Marcus ukuba bakhutshwe ku Bashkiria. Apho, uMarkus Wolf waya sisikolo semfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa apho ukulungiselela iingcali endle sezobuntlola kunye ngabom emva imigca yotshaba.

Zidanga kunye umsebenzi wokuqala

Emva kokugqitywa kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, uMarkus Wolf wathunyelwa Berlin. Ehlotyeni 1945, uye wasebenza e-Berlin koonomathotholo kuhlelo yoshicilelo zeli "Berliner Zeitung". Ngowe-1946, kunye nezinye ezazivela, Wolf wanika udliwano kunye nezilingo waseLondon.

Ngo-1950, Marcus waba izakhono noonozakuzaku umsebenzi oza nengxelo, kwakunye ukutyelela amazwe aseYurophu. kweminyaka 02.08.1950 emva ukuyilwa saseGDR, wadalwa iSebe ukhuseleko lwesizwe ( "sokuchola"). Ziquka ukuhlola, tifihla ixesha lokuqala phantsi ngesebe lwamaziko izifundo kwezoqoqosho. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo, uMarkus Wolf yaba yinxalenye yolawulo yayo.

Ukususela ngowe-1958 ukuya 1987, unyana ka ekuchubekeni wamiselwa intloko yenkokheli engundoqo umfaniswano, yaye usekela ngumlungiseleli ukhuseleko lwesizwe saseGDR. Ngexesha ulawulo kwakhe German Democratic Republic inkonzo hlola sisebenzayo United of Warsaw Pact. Inkqubela ebalulekileyo ulawulo yayo ziquka NATO isixhobo yemali uRainer Rupa.

golide

Ngowe-1983, Wolf wayeka, kodwa isicelo sakhe ingqalelo kuphela emva kweminyaka emi-3. Emva begazi of Germany Head of the Central Intelligence UMarkus Ngcuka, wacela indawo yemeko yentlalo noqoqosho ukusuka eSoviet Union, kodwa wala.

ungcatsho-mbuso

Le jikelele uyibonile zokugcina kwesidumbu nobukrelekrele, intshutshiso oogxa bakhe, ngokunjalo basinda izilingo-3 phezu ngokwakhe. Colonel-Jikelele Marcus Wolf watyholwa ukuvukela. Ngowe-1993, wagwetywa yiNkundla Ephakamileyo Dusseldorf ukuya kwiminyaka emi-6 entolongweni. Isigwebo kamva irhoxisiwe.

Books Wolf

Inani elikhulu weencwadi ezibhalwe Markus Wolf. Biography of Jikelele iqulethe ingcaciso eninzi ngazo. Eyona idumileyo zeencwadi zakhe: "bamaZwe" yaye "Abahlobo musa kufa." Ababhali yokugqibela emelwe eRashiya.

UMarkus Wolf (iminyaka yobomi - 1923-2006), njengoko sibonile, i intlola professional nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo ngumbhali olukhulu.

luck Good kwicala Marcus

Ukutyhubela iminyaka yobomi i intlola smiling luck. Famous ngokwaneleyo isangqa sakhe Markus Wolf. Usapho, njengoko sibonile ngaphambili, wayesaziwa wabulela kuyise, umbhali, umbhali kunye umYuda. Ngowe-1937, xa wabanjwa yi ubunzima amabanjwa ezopolitiko, Marcus usapho wahlala ngokubanzi. Belingelilo liphiko lokugqibela. Kunika umdla ukuba emva kokuba iziganeko konyaka wama-37 elizayo curriculum vitae intlola ezicocekileyo ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba urhulumente.

Lucky Wolff emva kokugqiba Scouts. Emva koqeqesho koko wathunyelwa kumgca ngaphambili. Ngaphambili, Scouts phantse yonke abangenamava ezithunyelwe isiko wafa. Kuyinto ngenxa isigqibo yolawulo Marcus wayesaphila.

umsebenzi zezilwanyana onokucinga

Kukholelwa ukuba Wolff uye wakha umsebenzi kakhulu ezikhwankqisayo. Xa eneminyaka engamashumi amabini anethoba, waba yinkokeli GDR zobuntlola. Marcus ngazo umsebenzi wakhe imangaliseke nezibhalwayo ngaye imiqingo. Wolf yena zange wathi umsebenzi wakhe mdlalo. Ngomhla umbuzo kwengqesho, wayesoloko Waphendula ngeku kwaye ngokufutshane.

Isizathu sokuba yokurhoxa kunye nobomi emva kwakhe

Oyena nobangela sokurhoxa kuhlala imfihlelo unanamhla. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngowe-1986, uMarkus Ngcuka wayekholelwa ukuba urhulumente idinga lolungiso-melo kunye neenkokheli GDR wacinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Imithombo zibonisa ukuba oku sesona sizathu sokuba iyishiye inkonyana, ngokuba eyi-Marcus akazange akunamsebenzi, kunye GDR, waba nolwalamano oluhle. Ukongeza ngokuzosula Wolf kaThixo ukuba wonyuselwa Colonel-Jikelele.

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ukuba uye umhlalaphantsi, uMarkus Wolf waba nomdla iincwadi. Der Trojka - uhlelo yakhe edumileyo, apho isohlwayo kwiStalinism kunye uncoma waphendula malunga Gorbachev kaThixo perestroika. Jikelele Wolf kakhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba bathembela, kuba wayesazi malunga kwiStalinism ngaphezu kwabanye. Lo msebenzi iye yaphinda yathandwa hayi kuphela GDR, kodwa kwi West.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, neNgcuka emva kokupapashwa ncwadi iye yaba ngomnye Kwaya eziphambili kunye alwela ngokutsha empuma Jamani.

Man Ngaphandle Face

"Umntu Ngaphandle Face" - elabo ukuze West iye ogama Markus Wolf. Photo of Colonel-Jikelele akakwazanga ukufumana Scouts. Okubangel 'umdla ngoxa Wolf ahambe ngokukhululekileyo malunga Europe. Ngowe-1979 umncedisi Marcus wabaleka ukuya eJamani ezichongiweyo kumphathi wakhe kwenye iifoto ezithathwe Stockholm. Kungekudala, lo ifoto wabonakala kwiqweqwe kwimagazini.

Interesting yayenzekile yomphefumlo intlola

Njengokuba besesitshilo ngaphambili, ixesha lo intlola mfana wahlala eSoviet Union. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho oko kuthiwa Misha, njengoko igama Marcus kakhulu "kunqunyulwa" esi sandi.

Kunika umdla kukuba kwi-Russian esikolweni inkwenkwe German kukhunjulwa ixesha elide. Okumangalisayo kukuba, isicelo sokwamkelwa esikolweni wayenze malunga ezintathu elinesibini iimpazamo zegrama, iziphumlisi kunye nesimbo kwi emlonyeni Russian, kuse umba I flunked uviwo on ... German! De kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe Marcus ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle aksenti wathetha Russian, yaye uyazi imithetho zopelo.

Marcus Family. Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ebomini bakhe Wolf wayetshatile izihlandlo ezine. Igama lokugqibela yomfazi wakhe Andrea. Bona ke abantwana abane, abazukulwana elinanye kwaye kakhulu-abazukulwana ezimbini. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba omnye wabazukulwana igama Scout Michael usengumntwana ngokuba yena Marcus. Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi abazichitha kwesimo eBerlin xa villa kunye nentsapho yakhe. imisebenzi yasekhaya kwi villa uphethe omnye wabahlali yangaphambili mthethweni, nto leyo ekugqibeleni waba lilungu lentsapho, hayi nje umphathi.

Kwiminyaka embalwa yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Marcus wayethanda ukuba bakhululeke eHungary kudibana nabo babesakuba phezu ikomityi yekofu. Nangona ngeminyaka, kule minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Wolf wayedla waphakamisa umba kunye zanyanzelisa ukuba uxolelo ngokupheleleyo lowayesakuba Scouts. Ngapha koko, abahlobo abaninzi, abalingane kunye namaqabane Marcus bavalelwa yaye emva kweminyaka emibini-eliwaka.

umntu eliyimfihlakalo

Nangona lo mthetho waseJamani, imali ye pension ubhatalwa abaqeshwa intelligence emidlalweni. UMarkus Ngcuka wathola kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu edlulileyo yobomi bakhe iincwadi zokubhala, leyo ziguqulelwa zonke iilwimi zehlabathi, kwakunye bhanya bhanya kunye nezifundo zoluntu. Abagxeki baye babonisa uthando lwabo malunga iincwadi ezibhalwe Markus Wolf. Bakholelwa ukuba umbhali italente eyodwa ngumbalisi, Scout. Wayesazi ukuba sixelele indlela inyaniso ukuze emva kokufunda wayekade imibuzo ngaphezu iimpendulo.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, emva kokuba ukubhala Wolf iseti yeencwadi ngokuphila kwaye inxaxheba bhanya ye iidotyhumentari, yesazisi yakhe ingaziwa.

Wolf on ngemibuzo

Wolf wayehluke nje kuphela italente eyahlukileyo iincwadi zokubhala. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngaphambi umhlala-phantsi wakhe, belilelayo ngemibuzo abayityhilela oogxa bakhe wayesoloko ityala. Marcus ebesoloko babekholelwa ukuba ukwenza into elungileyo, njengokuba uxanduva kubo. Kuba ukuthembeka okunjalo ematyaleni lwakhe lokugqibela ayisendim Jikelele oselula, nangona msulwa, kodwa wamiselwa pension encane.

Phezu kwazo zonke, umphefumlo Marcus wayesoloko in Russian. Akazange wayeka naye onothando. Yiyo nale ezinxulumene ulwazi lwakhe kakuhle ulwimi, nangona sele kudlule iminyaka emininzi ukususela ixesha lokuhlala kwakhe apho. Ide kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, Jikelele rhoqo watyelela udade wayo, owayehlala eweni e Moscow, yaye iyayithanda umzi Russian.

Le nkumbulo kunayo

Kudliwano-ndlebe ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, lo intatheli wabuza Wolff malunga nkumbulo aqaqambe yobuntwana. Okumangalisayo kukuba, Marcus wathi siganeko esimnandi kakhulu - ukuba ajoyine i-Young Communist League, kwakunye kwinkampu nehlobo.

ubuntu Great

indoda Incredible waba Markus Wolf. Unyaka wokuzalwa kunye nokufa wabahlula iminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesine, apho uMarkus wazibonakalisa umntu, umbhali kunye negosa weengqondi ngonobumba omkhulu. Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki zobomi, Wolf ibangcono ngonyaka ngamnye. Nokuba ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, yena ngeyona esebenzayo kunye kala. Yena bangathanda ukuthetha nabantu nokunika iingcebiso. Wolf uye ubukhalipha nobulumko kwaye ukusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki. Ebesoloko ngokunyaniseka nobulungisa. Okumangalisayo kukuba, akazange anikezele oogxa bakhe. Indoda enkulu ngokuqinisekileyo unezinto ezininzi ukufunda.