Umbhali Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentevich: biography, uluhlu lweencwadi, ingakumbi art kunye nohlaziyo

Umbhali Russian Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentevich (Smidovich) ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo kwabeMi ababhali iprozi Russian. Namhlanje, yena elichithwe imvelaphi avelele bexesha lakhe L. N. Tolstogo, Saltykov-Shchedrin, yaseChekhov, Gorky, Bunin, Sholokhov, kodwa ukuba isimbo sakhe, merit lakhe eliphezulu iincwadi Russian kunye Mininzi imisebenzi emihle.

Intsapho Childhood

Wazalwa Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentevich, ogama womfundisi ezinxulumene vocations ezimbini: ugqirha kunye nombhali, Januwari 4, 1867 e Tula. Usapho yombhali elizayo ebeyindoda yokulwa yezinto kwizizwe ezahlukeneyo. Abazali konina Mirgorodsky Ukrainian nangesiGrike, lusapho zooyise baba baseJamani nezibonda. Igama generic umbhali - Smidovich, yosapho amandulo Polish amanene. Utata wakhe ugqirha, waseka esibhedlele kuqala e Tula komzi, laqalisa ukusekwa uthumo sanitary kweso sixeko bema ngemvelaphi ye-Tula yoluntu oogqirha. Unina Vincent yaba noblewoman abafunde kakhulu, waba ngowokuqala phakathi komzi wavula endlwini yakhe enkulisa Isikolo ke sabaqalayo. Usapho wayenabantwana 11, abathathu wafa ebuntwaneni. Bonke abantwana banikwa ngemfundo esemgangathweni kweli khaya uhlala watyelela abameli nezazi basekuhlaleni, baba incoko ngobuchule kwezopolitiko, bayahlelwa lizwe. Phantsi kwale meko, yaye inkwenkwe ndandikhula, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo uya kuba ngummeli obalaseleyo yezikhulu ofundileyo Russian. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, Vincent ukuba iincwadi zokufunda, ingakumbi ayithanda yaba uhlobo adventure, ingakumbi Mayne Reid kunye Gyustav Emar. Xa elivisayo, umbhali elizayo zonke ihlobo ngokubonakalayo wanceda intsapho, wasebenza kunye abalimi: kukucheba, elima, uTutu ifula, ngoko nobukhali umsebenzi wokulima ngawakhe.

ekufundeni

Vincent Veresaev wakhulela kwintsapho apho imfundo enyanzelekileyo kumntu wonke. Abazali balo mfana baye bona abafundileyo abantu, saba ezigqwesileyo zethala leencwadi kunye nothando abantwana zitofwe yokufunda. In Veresaeva balunge kakhulu etyekele zendalo: a memory enkulu, nomdla kwiilwimi kunye nembali. Kwisikolo aphakamileyo, wafunda ngokukhuthala okukhulu, yaye iklasi nganye iphela ukunikezelwa abafundi bokuqala, abe ukufezekisile impumelelo enkulu kakhulu ukwazi iilwimi zamandulo, kwaye sele kunye iminyaka eli-13 waqalisa ukufunda translation. Veresaev waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kunye imbasa yesilivere. Ngowe-1884 wangena isici kwimbali-philological of St. Petersburg University, owaphumelela abanesidanga kwamagqwetha of Sciences zembali. Kodwa ihlombe iingcamango ukulwelwa, kwempembelelo izimvo Dmitri Pisarev kunye N. Mikhailovsky yamnyanzela ukuba babhalise 1888 kwiYunivesithi Dorpat (Tartu) kwi-Faculty of Medicine. Abantu abaselula kufanele babekholelwa ukuba kwezonyango iya kuvumela ukuba 'aye ebantwini' nihle naye ubabalo. Ngoxa umfundi, ngo-1892 waya Ekaterinoslav kwiphondo, apho wayesebenza ngexesha bhubhane ikholera, intloko enqabeni zococeko.

izenzakalo zokuphila

Ngowe-1894, emva kokuba egqibe eyunivesithi, Veresaev wabuyela Tula, apho waqalisa ukusebenza njenge ngugqirha. Vincent Veresaev, ogama engobomi liphathelene ngoku iyeza, ngexesha kwezonyango wayebukele ubomi babantu waza wathabatha amanqaku, ngoko yaba imisebenzi boncwadi. Ngoko ebomini bakhe uyahambelana izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ebomini. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva Veresaev wafudukela eSt Petersburg, wamenyelwa njengomnye baphumeleleyo ngeyona nkululeko zonyango ukusebenza eSt Petersburg gumbi esibhedlele (Botkin elizayo) izigulane iyosulela kakhulu. Iminyaka emihlanu wasebenza apho umqeqeshwa kunye nentloko ithala leencwadi. Ngowe-1901, waya eninzi ohambahambayo eRashiya naseYurophu, ithetha okuninzi kunye phambili amanani zoncwadi ngelo xesha, ubukele ubomi babantu. Ngowe-1903 wafudukela eMoscow, apho anenjongo azinikele ukuba uncwadi. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwemfazwe Russian-Japanese Vikentiya Vikentevicha wadibanisa njengoko ugqirha, yaye uba abahlali omncinane kwi mobile kwisibhedlele entsimini naseManchuria. Okuvelayo ixesha kamva wayeza kuba ndaba eziliqela imisebenzi yakhe. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi yaye ugqirha kwezomkhosi Kolomna, eMoscow wayenza nokucwangciswa kwiyunithi yezonyango emkhosini.

Veresaev Progressive-ethanda zombini Revolution Russian, apho wabona uncedo lizwe. Emva kokuba October Revolution waba usihlalo Art kunye nemfundo ikomiti yeBhunga of yamaSekela Workers 'eMoscow. Ukususela ngowe-1918 ukuya 1921 wayephila eCrimea baze bakubona izimpi phakathi ezimhlophe ebomvu, eli xesha ubunzima imithwalo aya kuba ngumthombo yamabali ukwenzela imisebenzi zoncwadi. Ukususela ngo-1921, umbhali ohlala eMoscow, abhale kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zemfundo lombutho.

Ngexesha Second World War, ngumbhali ekhulile sele bakhutshwe ku Tbilisi. Wayengakwazi ukubona uloyiso ye-USSR emfazweni wafa ngoJuni 3, 1945 eMoscow.

Yemifuniselo zokuqala zoncwadi

Veresaev Vincent uqala ukubhala ngaphezulu ebutsheni yobudala zasesekondari wabona ekuqaleni yena abe yimbongi. Incwadi yakhe yokuqala - umbongo "Ukucamngca", epapashwe phantsi elabo V. Vikent'ev enkarhini lowu "ukukhanya Fashion kunye nevenkile kusefashonini" ngo-1885. Emva kweminyaka emibini kwi "World umfanekiso" iphephancwadi phantsi elabo Veresaev wapapasha ibali elifutshane "I Riddle", enika iimpendulo zayo zemibuzo emikhulu yobomi; yintoni na ulonwabo kunye nentsingiselo yobomi. Ukususela ngelo xesha, uncwadi iye yaba nomsebenzi osisigxina Vikentiya Vikentevicha.

kokuba abe inkosi

Vincent Veresaev ukususela ekuqaleni indlela yakhe ncwadi iye ulwalathiso lwalo umendo yokucingisisa, naye ngemisebenzi yakhe wawubonisa buhlungu eliphosa nezazi Russian, leyo wazibonela ngokwakhe, evukile zokuzonwabisa ukulwelwa kunye Marxism ukongamela izwe. Yena phantse nangoko ndaqonda ukuba izibongo - bungenjengezolo indlela yakhe, waza wajika ukuba iprozi. Wazama kuqala isandla sakhe ngeendlela ezincinane: amabali ukubhala, amabali amafutshane. Ngowe-1892 wapapasha uthotho zezincoko "kwelabafileyo" malunga nobomi kunye nomsebenzi nzima zabasebenzi basemgodini ka IDonetsk. Ngoko ke ixesha lokuqala usebenzisa alias Veresaev, owaba igama lakhe zoncwadi. Ngowe-1894 wapapasha inoveli "Akukho ndlela," leyo ngokomfanekiso ubalisa ibali ukufuna iindlela esibujonga ngayo ubomi yoluntu Russian nongqondongqondo. Ngowe-1897, le inoveli "Wesifo" iyaqhubeka umxholo enye, ukulungisa ukufumana abatsha ubunkokheli isizukulwana iingcamango Social Democratic.

iminyaka udumo

Ngowe-1901, ngaphandle veresaevskie "Amanqaku ugqirha," nto leyo wamenza odumileyo kulo lonke elo lizwe. Kubo, umbhali othetha ugqirha lowo ndlela, malunga zenene wobugcisa, ezo ngokuqhelekileyo bacinezelwa, yemifuniselo phezu kwabagulayo, ubunzulu yokuziphatha kwalo msebenzi. Le mveliso yabonisa isakhono esikhulu njenge umbhali Veresaeva, ngezengqondo ezichuliweyo nawazibonayo yombhali. Ukususela ngelo xesha engena lekroza ababhali aphambili elizweni, kunye Garshin kunye Gorky. iimbono Progressive umbhali nakuthathatha, kwaye abasemagunyeni bathumela kuye phantsi esweni ukuya Tula, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wayo.

Kwiminyaka 1904-1906 ngaphandle amanqaku zakhe malunga imfazwe yaseJapan, apho ethetha phantse ngqo malunga imfuneko nalowo amandla lobuzwilakhe. Veresaev Vincent nayo ukwenza kwincwadi upapasho, yinto unxulumano ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi. Emva kokuba revolution, athathe inxaxheba kumsebenzi wokufundisa, kubandakanyeke ekupapasheni iimagazini ezintsha. Emva kokuba revolution iguqukela iifom ezinkulu nokugxekwa uncwadi Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentevich. Works eluhlobo i "uviwo amanqam 'ka Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Nietzsche waba igama elitsha iprozi boncwadi bezobugcisa. Umbhali usoloko wafuna "wabafundisa abantu abaselula," ukusasaza ophezulu eziqulethwe kunye neengcamango zemfundo. Ukusuka ngaphandle usiba lwayo imizobo ezinkulu ezibalulekileyo kunye zabantu Annensky I., A. yaseChekhov, Z Andreyev, Korolenko.

Ixesha elininzi unika umbhali wokuguqulela, kwapapashwa imisebenzi emininzi imibongo yamandulo ZesiGrike-akhawunti yakhe. Veresaev kubo ndazalelwa imbasa Prize Pushkin. Nditsho ngosuku lwakhe lokugqibela Vikentiy inxaxheba ukuhlela translation "Iliad" kaHomer.

indlela yombhali

Veresaev Vikenty Isiphelo sakhe uncwadi kunxulunyaniswa i "ubomi obutsha", apho ke liphezu Gorky. isimbo sakhe zoncwadi na bamxabela kuphela ngokoqobo, kodwa ke imigqaliselo zengqondo ebuthathaka amava abo. Ngokuphila abe lwalawo umsebenzi wakhe. okuvelayo Bakhe ngobomi wabachazela kwisincoko kuthotho amanqaku. Ukufuna yentanda bafumana ibinzana kwi amabali, eyaba odumileyo Vincent Veresaev. "Competition," "Eytimiya" kunye namanye amabali baqala ibali lakhe ngobomi bakhe kunye neengcinga malunga ezifanelekileyo ababhinqileyo.

Oku kakhulu ngokucacileyo kakuhle eli creative Veresaeva ochazwa imisebenzi efana neenoveli, "Ekupheleni abafileyo" kanye "nodadewethu."

Ukugxekwa nokubuyekezwa

Veresaev Vincent xa ubomi yamkelwa kakuhle xa ugxekwa, oko ephawulwe kokubini ngoku kunye ilungileyo yombhali. nokubhala Modern kunqabile ujonge umsebenzi zombhali, kodwa, nakuba kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba ukungabikho obafunyanwa yakhe yendalo imisebenzi abanetalente. Uhlaziya abafundi mihla, inqabile kakhulu, kodwa inkxaso kakhulu. abathandi Modern Veresaeva ukubhiyozela isimbo yayo ezibalaseleyo nangokuvumelana nezinto bulumko lolutsha lwanamhlanje.

wabucala

Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentevich osoloko nofele emsebenzini wakhe. Kubomi wayengumntu ilula kwaye enobubele kakhulu kwaye iyabathanda abantu. Waye watshata umza wakhe wesibini Maria Germogenovne. Abantwana esi sibini akazange. Ngokubanzi, waphila ubomi echumayo ezele umsebenzi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba lombutho inkqubo yemfundo yaye ubuchule kweli lizwe.